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All Journal Civil Engineering Dimension Civil Engineering Journal Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil Logistic and Operation Management Research
Stefanus Adi Kristiawan
Civil Engineering Departement, Sebelas Maret University
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science

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STRENGTH SHRINKAGE AND CREEP OF CONCRETE IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION S A Kristiawan
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 8 No. 2 (2006): SEPTEMBER 2006
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (328.148 KB) | DOI: 10.9744/ced.8.2.pp. 73-80

Abstract

Strength, shrinkage and creep of concrete in tension and compression have been determined and the relationship between those properties was studied. Direct tensile tests were applied to measure those properties in tension. The relationship of creep in tension and compression was determined based on the measurement of creep at similar stress and similar stress/strength ratio. It is found that concrete deforms more in tension than in compression. Except for concrete with a higher water/cement ratio, the use of pulverised fuel ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, superplasticizer and shrinkage reducing admixture has no effect on strength. However, they affect creep and shrinkage of concrete.
Properties of Fly Ash-Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete with Low Molarity Sodium Hydroxide Ernawati Sri Sunarsih; Sholihin As'ad; Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam; Stefanus Adi Kristiawan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-010

Abstract

Most geopolymer concrete is produced using low-calcium fly ash and cured at high drying temperatures. Additionally, the activator is prepared with a sodium hydroxide (SH) solution of high molarity. This research proposes using a low molarity SH solution to produce fly ash-slag-based geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature. The properties to be investigated include workability, water absorption, and compressive strength. The influence of mixture composition, i.e., slag content, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratio, and alkaline activator to binder (Al/Bi) ratio on those properties is of interest. The slag substituted fly ash at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% replacement levels. The SS/SH ratio is 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, with the SH molarity determined at 2M. The Al/Bi ratio is 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50. The results show that a higher percentage of slag reduces slump and water absorption but increases the compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete. The mixtures suitable for use are at the percentages of slag 20, 30, and 40%. An increase in the SS/SH ratio decreases the slump and water absorption. Geopolymer concrete with an SS/SH ratio of 1.5 gives maximum compressive strength compared to the other ratios. Increasing the ratio of Al/Bi increases the workability of geopolymer concrete. At an Al/Bi ratio of 0.45, the compressive strength is maximum and the water absorption is minimum. The recommended mix design in terms of workability, water absorption, and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is a mixture with slag contents of 20, 30, and 40%, a SS/SH ratio of 1.0 and 1.5, and an Al/Bi ratio of 0.45 and 0.50. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-010 Full Text: PDF
Creep Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Mortars and Its Effect to Reduce the Differential Shrinkage Stress Senot Sangadji; Endah Safitri; Muhammad Z. Arifin; Stefanus A. Kristiawan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-014

Abstract

This research aims to develop durable repair materials that can resist shrinkage cracking by exploring the role of creep in reducing shrinkage stress. In this regard, the creep effect can only be quantified if an accurate creep prediction model and theoretical analysis of the shrinkage stress in the patch repair system exist. For this purpose, the research was carried out in the following sequences: first, the research investigated the short-term creep of the patch repair materials containing accelerator and micro-synthetic fibers in the 0.00–0.12% volume fraction range. This short-term creep was measured on five-cylinder specimens (having a diameter of 75 mm and a height of 275 mm). Three specimens were used to determine the deformation of the repair material under unloading conditions, while those remaining were used to determine the total deformation under loading conditions. The amount of creep deformation was determined by taking away the unloaded (shrinkage) and instantaneous (elastic) deformations from the total deformation of the loaded specimens. Secondly, a modified prediction model of ACI 209R-08 is introduced to accurately capture the rate and magnitude of the observed creep of the repair materials. Finally, a formulated theoretical analysis of shrinkage stress in the patch repair system was proposed to examine how creep potentially reduces the repair material's cracking tendency. The results show that the asymptotic value of the creep curve is attained at an earlier age and that its magnitude is greater than that of most concrete. The modified ACI 209R-08 prediction model can closely estimate the repair materials' creep behavior. The best-fit line, residual values, and coefficient of error analyses confirm the modified model's prediction accuracy. The analysis of tensile stress development in the repair layer suggests that creep can reduce stress by up to 50%. With such a reduction, the repair material is expected to be durable in resisting shrinkage and cracking tendency. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-014 Full Text: PDF
Residential Building Resilience Model Against Seismic Disaster with Fuzzy Logic–Fragility Analysis Approach Setiono; Senot Sangadji; Stefanus A. Kristiawan; Nur Miladan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-015

Abstract

Residential buildings are part of the urban physical infrastructure most affected by a seismic disaster. The resilience (R) of residential buildings should be evaluated for disaster mitigation before, during, and after disasters to minimize potential damage. This study proposed an R evaluation model for residential buildings that combined a fragility analysis and a fuzzy logic approach. The developed model combined the functionality (q) and recovery time (t) to obtain the R index. A fragility analysis was used to calculate the q of residential buildings, where the t was normalized to the longest possible t (0–1) for input into the fuzzy inference process, which depended on government decisions and other factors, including the available budget and other conditions. Resilience (R) was computed using a fuzzy logic (FL) approach with the Tsukamoto inference system. The research resulted in a model for evaluating the R of residential buildings for seismic disasters. The value of the research lies in the conversion of probabilistic damage decisions into fuzzy representations of post-earthquake q and t, so that both variables can be coupled within a single decision-focused model. The model was applied to simulate the R of residential buildings in Surakarta City during an earthquake. One- and two-story buildings accounted for more than 98% of the residential building data. The R for residential buildings under the applied scenario for a spectral acceleration (Sa) of 0.16 g was quantified at 52.47%, indicating a condition of moderate resilience. The developed model can help the government to evaluate the R of residential buildings and can be adjusted for other components of urban infrastructure, such as transportation, electricity, and telecommunication networks.
The Effect of Epoxy Resin on the Compressive Strength of Short Laminated Bamboo Columns Zulmahdi Darwis; Achmad Basuki; Muhammad Yani Bhayusukma; S A Kristiawan; Javil Egi Pratama Abdurahman; Muhammad Adha Ilhami
Logistic and Operation Management Research (LOMR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Logistic and Operation Management Research (LOMR)
Publisher : Research Synergy Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/lomr.v4i1.3179

Abstract

The ongoing depletion of global timber resources has increasingly directed attention toward bamboo as a viable and sustainable structural alternative. This study investigated the influence of epoxy resin coatings on the compressive performance of short laminated bamboo columns. Three treatment conditions were evaluated: untreated (control), epoxy resin-coated, and externally reinforced with steel plates. The test specimens, manufactured using Dendrocalamus asper, were subjected to axial compression by SNI 03-3959:1995. Before testing, the physical and mechanical properties of both bamboo and steel reinforcement materials were characterized. Experimental results indicated that epoxy coating enhanced the average compressive strength by 2.54%, whereas steel plate reinforcement yielded a more substantial increase of 9.94% relative to the control group. One-way ANOVA analysis confirmed that only the steel-reinforced group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in compressive capacity (p < 0.05). The observed failure modes revealed that the untreated and epoxy-coated specimens were prone to surface cracking and adhesive delamination, whereas the steel-reinforced columns exhibited a more localized damage with reduced deformation. It was concluded that although epoxy resin provided a modest enhancement, applying steel reinforcement significantly improved the axial load-bearing capacity of laminated bamboo columns. These findings underscore the structural potential of hybrid bamboo composites for sustainable construction applications.
PENGARUH PERKUATAN KEKAKUAN JOINT BALOK-KOLOM BANGUNAN NON-REKAYASA TERHADAP KINERJA SEISMIK DENGAN METODE IDA Muhtarom Yudantoro; Edy Purwanto; Stefanus Adi Kristiawan
Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jrrs.v9i2.107972

Abstract

Kabupaten Pacitan adalah salah satu kabupaten di Indonesia yang memiliki aktivitas seismik tinggi akibat berada di antara tiga lempeng tektonik. Aktivitas seismik yang terjadi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan bangunan dan korban jiwa. Namun, sebagian besar rumah tinggal di Indonesia tergolong sebagai bangunan non-rekayasa, yaitu bangunan yang dibangun tanpa perhitungan struktur sesuai standar yang berlaku. Salah satu faktor penting dalam ketahanan struktur terhadap gempa adalah kekakuan pada sambungan balok-kolom serta keberadaan elemen non-struktural seperti dinding pengisi. Joint balok kolom merupakan komponen struktur utama yang berfungsi mengikat beban-beban struktur lainnya yang merupakan beban siklik terhadap joint balok kolom. Adanya bukaan pada dinding juga mempengaruhi perlakuan dari dinding tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kekakuan joint balok kolom dan dinding dengan bukaan terhadap kinerja seismik struktur rumah tinggal non-rekayasa. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan metode Incremental Dynamic Analysis dengan software seismostruct yang berfungsi untuk menentukan respon  struktur bangunan terhadap beban gempa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, adanya bukaan pada dinding pengisi memberikan reduksi dalam menahan gaya lateral. Kemudian kekakuan hubungan balok kolom tidak menunjukkan dampak yang berarti terhadap peningkatan kinerja seismik bangunan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari periode struktur dan nilai gaya geser dasar pada setiap kerusakan.
Co-Authors Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam Achmad Basuki Edy Purwanto Edy Purwanto Endah Safitri Ernawati Sri Sunarsih Halwan Alfisa Saifullah Inggrid Monalita Javil Egi Pratama Abdurahman Muhammad Adha Ilhami Muhammad Yani Bhayusukma Muhammad Z. Arifin Nur Miladan Prabowo, Bagas Senot Sangadji Senot Sangadji Setiono Sholihin As&#039;ad Zulmahdi Darwis