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All Journal Majalah Obat Tradisional JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)
Ni'matul Munawaroh
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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FORMULASI MOUTHWASH NANOEMULSI KOMBINASI MINYAK SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus) DAN MINYAK JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) SEBAGAI ANTIKANDIDIASIS ORAL TERUJI IN VITRO TERHADAP Candida albanicans ATCC 10231 Meta Juniatik; Khoirunnissa Hida; Fransisca Priskaningtyas Wulandari; Nurul Pangestuti; Ni'matul Munawaroh; Ronny Martien; Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 22, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (248.45 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/tradmedj.24255

Abstract

Kandidiasis adalah penyakit infeksi jamur yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia, kandidiasis terutama oral sebagian besar dikarenakan pertumbuhan abnormal Candida albicans pada rongga mulut. Minyak jeruk purut dan serai telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans. Komposisi limonen, α-terpineol, sitronelil assetat, terpineol, β-pinene, pada minyak jeruk purut dan citronelal pada minyak sereh membuat kombinasi keduanya minyak memiliki potensi sebagai terapi alternatif untuk kandidiasis oral. Kedua minyak ini dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk nanoemulsion obat kumur. Nanoemulsion dipilih karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan seperti yang jelas, stabil, dan meningkatkan aktivitas antijamur minyak sereh dan minyak jeruk purut. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan determinasi tanaman, uji karakterisasi minyak atsiri (kelarutan, indeks bias, dan berat jenis), dan analisis kandungan minyak atsiri dengan GC-MS. Nanoemulision diformulasikan dengan metode titrasi air. Optimalisasi campuran minyak dan VCO dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nanoemulsion yang jernih dan stabil. Formula terbaik dikarakterisasi (ukuran partikel, viskositas, potensi zeta, dan stabilitasnya), dilakukan analisis senyawa kimia minyak atsiril dalam formula optimum dan menguji efek penghambatan formula oleh metode mikrodilusi. Analisis data daya hambat dilakukan dengan One Way ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, 0,4% minyak campuran, 3,6% VCO, 17,3% tween 80, 8,7% PEG 400 dan 70% air merupakan formula terbaik yang dapat membentuk sistem nanoemulsion dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel 21,4 nm, viskositas rendah, potensi zeta yang rendah dan stabil selama penyimpanan freez-thaw. Nanoemulsi secara signifikan memiliki efek penghambatan lebih efektif daripada kontrol positif.
Dispensing Prescription Medicines without a Prescription in Pharmacy M. Rifqi Rokhman; Mentari Widiastuti; Satibi Suwarni; Ria Fasyah Fatmawati; Ni'matul Munawaroh; Yenda Ayu Pramesti
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 7, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.33256

Abstract

A poor drug monitoring system in many developing countries makes patient easy to buy any prescription medicines without prescription. This research aimed to assess the compliance of pharmacy towards prescription medicine’s regulations, pharmacist knowledge toward a list of medicines as prescription or over the counter medicines, and the reasons associated with dispensing prescription medicines without a prescription in pharmacy. The research was a descriptive non-experimental study. The sample was taken using simple random sampling in Sleman and Kota Yogyakarta Regency from September 2016 to January 2017. Data were taken in 2 steps, using simulated patient and a questionnaire one week after the first step. The simulated patient would come to the pharmacy and requested amlodipine 5 mg 10 tablets and allopurinol 100 mg 20 tablets. The questionnaire assessed pharmacist knowledge in classifying of several medicines as prescription or over the counter medicines, information taken and given when dispensing prescription medicines without a prescription, and the reason associated with dispensing prescription medicines without a prescription. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that from 138 pharmacies randomly selected, 132 pharmacies (95,7%) dispensed amlodipine and 127 pharmacies (92,0%) sold allopurinol without a prescription. Majority of pharmacists (more than 85%) hold a view that prescription medicines mainly for chronic diseases (glibenclamide, metformin, amlodipine, captopril, allopurinol, dan simvastatin) as the over the counter medicines, as the main reason was patients regularly taking this medication before. However, the majority of pharmacists (79,2%) perceived that antibiotics as prescription medicines that should be dispensed only with a medical prescription. This research showed that pharmacist does not fully implement applicable regulations.
Co-Authors Fransisca Priskaningtyas Wulandari Khoirunnissa Hida M. Rifqi Rokhman Mentari Widiastuti Meta Juniatik Nurul Pangestuti Ria Fasyah Fatmawati Ronny Martien Satibi Suwarni Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi Yenda Ayu Pramesti