Makdin Munthe
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TINJAUAN YURIDIS PELANGGARAN HAM TERHADAP MUSLIM UIGHUR DI CHINA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM HUMANITER Muhammad Fajrin Saragih; Sulaiman Hamid; Makdin Munthe
Journal of USU International Law Vol 4, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of USU International Law

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Prof, Sulaiman, SH * Makdin Munthe, SH, M.Hum ** MUHAMMAD FAJRIN SARAGIH ***   HAM adalah hak-hak yang melekat pada diri setiap manusia sehingga mereka diakui kemanusiaannya tanpa membedakan jenis kelamin, ras, warna kulit, bahasa, agama, politik, bangsa, status sosial, kekayaan, dan kelahirannya. Termasuk dalam hak asasi ini adalah hak untuk hidup layak, merdeka, dan selamat. Ini merupakan tugas negara untuk melindungi hak asasi warga negaranya dari pihak-pihak yang ingin mengganggu atau meniadakannya. Kepentingan Individu mulai terasa memerlukan perlindungan terhadap pemerintahannya. Individu menuntut hak-hak yang diperlukan kebebasan dari campur tangan pemerintahannya. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah bagaimana bentuk-bentuk masalah pelanggaran HAM terhadap muslim di Uighur, bagaimana kejahatan kemanusiaan terhadap muslim di Uighur ditinjau dari konvensi jenewa 1949 dan statuta roma dan bagaimana upaya-upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh organisasi internasional dalam meredam kericuhan yang terjadi pada muslim di Uighur. Peristiwa kejahatan yang menimpa Muslim uighur di China telah menjurus kepada Genosida, usaha pembersihan etnis karena dilakukan secara  sistematis, dimulai dengan kebijakan- kebijakan Pemerintah China yang menyudutkan keberadaan Muslim Uighur. Konvensi Jenewa (Konvensi Palang Merah) tahun 1949 mengenai perlindungan korban perang dan sengketa bersenjata non-internasional dapat dijadikan rujukan dalam melakukan perlindungan terhadap rakyat Muslim Uighur. Kasus kejahatan kemanusiaan terhadap Muslim di Uighur, seperti pembunuhan, penyiksaan, pembakaran sekolah, pemusnahan tempat beribadah dan ketidakbebasan untuk menjalankan kepercayaan dalam beribadah yang dilakukan oleh pihak berkuasa dalam hal ini negara china masih tetap ada kemungkinan bagi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional untuk melaksanakan kompetensi dan yurisdiksinya terhadap kasus ini, karena fakta-fakta yang terjadi dalam kasus kejahatan kemanusiaan terhadap Muslim di Uighur ini telah terpenuhi syarat materilnya yang ditetapkan dalam Statuta Roma khususnya yang ada di Pasal 7 berkenaan dengan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan.  Upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meredam kericuhan yang terjadi terhadap Muslim di Uighur mengajukan kasus yang terjadi ke peradilan internasional seperti International Criminal Court yang diatur dalam statuta roma tahun 1998.   Keywords: Pelanggaran HAM, Muslim di Uighur, Hukum Humaniter dan Hukum Internasional *      Dosen Pembimbing I **    Dosen Pembimbing II ***  Mahasiswa Hukum Internasional Universitas Sumatera Utara
ANALISA HUKUM ATAS KEKERASAN TERHADAP WARGA SIPIL AKIBAT PEPERANGAN YANG TERJADI DI ALEPPO SURIAH BERDASARKAN KETENTUAN KONVENSI JENEWA 1949 Syarifah Tiffany Nargis; Chairul Bariah; Makdin Munthe
Journal of USU International Law Vol 5, No 6 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of USU International Law

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THE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE TO CIVILIANS DUE TO WAR IN ALEPPO SYRIA BASED ON PROVISIONS IN GENEVA CONVENTION 1949ABSTRACTProtection values for civilians are stipulated in Geneva Convention 1949. It is regulated that anyone, even when an enemy is captured, still he must be treated well by respecting his dignity and prestige as a human being. There is a tendency to observe that the provisions of Geneva Convention 1949 do not only regulate the obligations of member countries but also civilians’ individual human rights as the protected party. The non-international armed war in Syria is a resistance to Geneva Convention 1949. The research problems are: How the position of Geneva Convention IV 1949 is in International Humanitarian Law, How Geneva Convention plays its role in protecting civilians in the time of war, and how the legal protection for the civilians is from the violence in Aleppo due to the war in Aleppo Syria according to Geneva Convention 1949. This is a research with normative juridical method which employs statutory approach. It is also a doctrinaire research that refers to legal norms; thus, it puts emphasis on secondary legal materials, either regulations or legal theories which focus on collecting all relevant laws in the books, studying the laws related to legal provisions and the implication of its implementation in Indonesia or the law pronounced through research process. The results show that the position of Geneva Convention IV 1949 in International Humanitarian Law is a part of Humanitarian Law to protect military personnel who no longer take part in war and people who are not active anymore in a war i.e. civilians. The role of Geneva Convention to protect the civilians in the time of war is a part of humanitarian law which regulates legal protection for civilians is that it must not be carried out discriminatively. In all circumstances, civilians are entitled to respect for their persons, their honor, their family rights, their religious convictions and practices. The legal protection for the civilians from violence in Aleppo due to the was in Aleppo Syria according to the Geneva Convention 1949 is grounded on Article 27 of Geneva Convention IV saying that Protected persons are entitled, in all circumstances, to respect for their persons, their honor, their family rights, their religious convictions and practices, and their manners and customs. Keywords: Violence, Aleppo, Syria, Civilian, Geneva Convention IV
TINJAUAN YURIDIS MENGENAI IMPEMENTASI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL DITINJAU DARI PUTUSAN “PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION CASE NO. 2013-19” ANTARA FILIPINA DAN CHINA TENTANG CLAIM ATAS PERAIRAN NATUNA DI LAUT CHINA SELATAN Nico Hermawan Sipayung; Suhaidi Suhaidi; Makdin Munthe
Journal of USU International Law Vol 8, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of USU International Law

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Nowadays, arbitration institutions are increasingly recognized by the public as an alternative to dispute resolution other than through the courts both in Indonesia and internationally. However, this does not mean that the method of resolving disputes through arbitration is the perfect method. Arbitration has several weaknesses, especially in terms of the recognition and implementation of international arbitration decisions. Arbitration does not have the power or authority to execute its decisions. In practice, a court has the authority to reject an international arbitration award. In this regard, this study aims to find out how the implementation of the International Arbitration Court's decision in adjudicating a regional dispute between countries. In addition, this study will also analyze decisions aimed at resolving disputes over a region's claims. This research uses a normative juridical approach. The writing method used in this study is library research through an inventory of materials from books, journals, articles, dictionaries, international legal instruments and other scientific writing related to this research. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the International Arbitration Court has the authority to decide on a territorial dispute in which the two disputing countries have been bound by a convention and deemed to have complied and obeyed the agreement made. It should be noted that in this regard, China as the defendant has ratified UNCLOS 1982 and is also a member of the United Nations. This became a bright spot in the dispute over the South China Sea waters involving the Philippines as the plaintiff. The issue of the fall of the International Arbitration Court's decision arises because of the response from China to boycott the judicial body.