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Efektivitas Trichoderma spp. sebagai Pengendali Hayati terhadap Tiga Patogen Tular Tanah pada Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Kehutanan S. M. Widyastuti; Sumardi Sumardi; P. Sumantoro
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 7, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.10072

The experiment was aimed to compare Trichoderma spp. with fungicides in the control of soil-borne pathogens and to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the fungicides on the activity of Trichoderma spp. The first objective was achieved by applying antagonistic test of three isolates of Trichoderma spp. and inhibitory growth test of fungicides both against soil-borne pathogens. The second objective was attained by growing Trichoderma spp. on growth medium containing four level of fungicides. The results showed that three isolates of Trichoderma were comparable to fungicides in their ability to inhibit root rot pathogens. T. koningii at a concentration of 103 spores/ml performed the same level of growth inhibition with that of 0.2 ppm captafol against Rigidoporus lignosus. T. reesei at a concentration of 104 spores/ml gave same inhibition effect with that of 25 ppm benomyl against Ganoderma sp., and T. harzianum at a concentration of 105 spores/ml had the same inhibition effect against Sclerotium rolfsii with captafol at a concentration of 20 ppm. The results also showed that fungicides could affect the activities of Trichoderma on the medium. Benomyl promoted the growth of T. reesei and T. harzianum at a concentration of 0.2 ppm while at a concentration of 20 ppm both of them could not grow.

Pemurnian dan Karakterisasi Enzim Endokitinase dari Agen Pengendali Hayati Trichoderma reesei Harjono Harjono; S. M. Widyastuti; S. Margino
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 7, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This experiment was aimed to purify and characterize the endochitinase of Trichoderma reesei. Extracellular endochitinase was produced by T. reesei strain T13, a fungal biocontrol agent in colloidal chitin medium as sole carbon source. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography and chromatofocusing. The results showed that T. reesei produced endochitinase with molecular weight of 32 kDa and the activity was optimum at pH of 5,5 and temperature of 30 to 35oC.

Aktivitas Penghambatan Trichoderma spp. Formulasi terhadap Jamur Patogen Tular Tanah secara In vitro S. M. Widyastuti; Sumardi Sumardi; Irfa'i Irfa'i; H. H. Nurjanto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.10103

The research was aimed to evaluate the growth of formulated conidia propagules of Trichoderma koningii, T. reesei and T. harzianum, which had been stored for 1 and 5 months and the inhibition activity against soil borne plant pathogenic fungi Rigidopous lignosus, Ganoderma sp., Fusarium sp., and Sclerotium rolfsii. The isolates were formulated in the forms of alginate bead, alginate-peat bead, and peat-lime powder. The results indicated that Trichoderma formulated stored at room temperature showed higher inhibition activity than that stored at 4oC. After 5 months in the storage, T. reesei in both bead and powder formula performed higher growth inhibition activity against soil borne pathogens than the other isolates tested. It was noted that all isolates performed temporary decreased growth inhibition activity against soil borne pathogens.

Peran Trichoderma reesei E. G Simmons pada Pengendalian Damping-Off Semai Cendana (Santalum Album Linn.) S. M. Widyastuti; M. Hariani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11992

The sandalwood seedling has been planted in the nursery of Balitbang Kehutanan NTT to experience the destruction is about 20%, seedling is attacked by damping-off. Biological control has been developed as alternate method against soil born diseases to eliminate damage on the environment. One of the biological agents having high antagonistic potential against soil born pathogen is Trichoderma spp. The direction of experiment to search the cause of lodoh on the sandalwood seedling and the application influences T. reesei on the control lodoh in the sandalwood seedling. Methods of the experiment was (1) isolation the sandalwood seedling of painful and soil example from NTT, (2) Postulat Koch test on the sandalwood seedling, (3) antagonistic test of T. reesei in vitro and (4) effectiveness test of T. reesei against developing patogen in vivo. The result indicated that lodoh on the sandalwood seedling caused by Fusarium sp. T. reesei in vitro inhibited Fusarium sp. at average of 100% accordingly. The application of T. reesei as biological control agent against Fusarium sp. showed high effectivity. The attact percentage of lodoh on sandalwood seedlings showed that the lowest one was growth on compost formulated with T. reesei (5%), whereas seedlings growth on compost without T. reesei, unsteril sands and soil samples from NTT were 30%, 35% and 65%.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Β-1,3-Glukanase Akar Semai Tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) yang Berasosiasi dengan Fungi Ektomikorisa M. D. Anggoro; S. M. Widyastuti; S. Margino
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12086

Association between tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) seedling roots with ectomycorrhiza fungi was expected to increase the activity {β-1,3-glucanase level in the plants. This enzyme has potency to protect seedling from soil borne fungal pathogens by degrading the fungal cell walls. The objectives of this research were to isolate and characterize β-1,3-glucanase from tusam seedling roots associated with ectomycorrhiza fungi. Crude protein was isolated with ammonium sulfat precipitation and then purified by gel filtration chromatography and characterize molecular weight, temperature and pH for optimum the activity. The enzyme from tusam seedling roots associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi, designated as GLUC15 have 15 kD molecular weight, 30° - 40° C temperature and pH 5-7 for optimum activity.

Perbaikan Kualitas Semai Tusam Pasca Sapih melalui Aplikasi Trichoderma Formulasi Pupuk Lambat Tersedia dan Substitusi Media Tumbuh S. M. Widyastuti; Sumardi Sumardi; N. Estikasari
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12210

The experiment was conducted based on damage developed on pine nursery, which killed pine seedlings at a significant number. The damage started on 4 month-aged seedlings indicated by yellowing of needle, followed by development of brown spots on the needle and subsequently could kill the transplanted seedlings. Application of formulated Trichoderma and slow released fertilizer was aimed to avoid the initial symptom, which was assumed due to nutrient deficiency and to control the subsequent infection and disease development. Substitution of composting materials and rice hull into regular growth medium as the main treatment resulted 4 combination treatments. The results indicated that despite all treatments showed significant effects, application of Trichoderma together with slow released fertilizer (PJTJ) on regular medium (medium IV) gave the highest growth increment performance and suppression of damage in seedlings.

Injuries on Seedlings Caused by Potential Weed in Tropical Rain Forest Regeneration Areas Sumardi Sumardi; S. M. Widyastuti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12393

The experiment aimed to assess the injuries on Shorea seedlings caused by weed in artificial regeneration of tropical rain forest in Jambi. Four planting systems, strip nurse planting (using Acacia mangium, Paraserianthes falcataria and Gmelina arborea), line planting, gap planting and natural regeneration, were used. Seedling injuries were assessed based on part of seedling suppressed. Results indicated that Shorea seedling suffered from varying degrees of injuries, depending on weed species and part of the seedling suppressed. The dominance of weed and damage intensity were determined by the level of canopy opening on the planting systems. Ground cover dominated rapidly in open canopy, causing up to 55.27% injuries on the seedlings in the strips of G. arborea and P. falcataria. Whereas creepers and vines became dominant in moderate canopy opening. The injury of Shorea seedling planted under nurse tree was determined by the species and planting density of nurse tree used. Light canopy nurse tree such as P. falcataria failed to suppress ground weed, but in the contrary, A. mangium with heavy canopy still allowed creepers and vines to grow.

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