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Umi O. Retnaningsih
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PENGARUH INDONESIA AFRICA FORUM (IAF) TERHADAP PERLUASAN PASAR NON-TRADISIONAL INDONESIA DI KAWASAN AFRIKA Saniah "; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 7: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Market access is crucial to improve economic development through export activities. Indonesia has tried to expand its markets to the non-traditional ones. Africa is prospective to be the new market expansion due to its population number, product diversification, and interdependency. This research explains the reasons of why Indonesia established Indonesia Africa Forum (IAF) and the development of the initiatives.This qualitative research explains reasons of IAF establishment, actions, and progress. Content analysis using secondary data from books, journals, news from newspapers and televisions, official reports from Indonesia Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and websites was used to explore the data. Interdependence theory from Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye help to analyze from nation-state level of analysis.The research shows the Indonesia Africa Forum (IAF) have transformed Indonesia Economic development through market expansion in non-traditional market, i.e. 53 countries in Africa. IAF have achieved with 10 business deals and announcements. The Preferential Trade Agreement between Indonesia-Mozambique reduce tariff significantly since tariff is a big trade barriers. Better access to Africa is facilitated with flight transit in Addis Ababa. Key Words: Indonesia Africa Forum (IAF), Economic Diplomacy, Business Agreements and business announcement, Non-Traditional Market 
RESPON PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MENYIKAPI LARANGAN EKSPOR MANGGIS KE CHINA TAHUN 2017-2019 Aryanti Chyntia Devi; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 8: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Indonesia is one of the largest mangosteen producing countries in the world. The main destination country and potential market for Indonesian mangosteen exports is China. However, China terminated this cooperation due to the phytosanitary in 2013. Indonesian fresh mangosteen was alleged of plant pest organisms (fruit flies, mealy bugs, and scale insect) including metal chemicals substance. Thus, this research emerged to scrutinize the Indonesian government policy in order to lift the bans of the mangosteen export. This research used the qualitative research method, with the level of analysis of the nation-state by export theory using the perspective of liberalism. Data from books, journals, websites, dictionaries, report of the Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Agriculture, the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics on mangosteen export cooperation between Indonesia and China, news from magazines were sorted and analyzed to answer the reserch questions. The results of this research was founded that on December 11, 2017, both countries through each institution decided to rebuild the ties of the cooperation of mangosteen export. Exactly, the Agriculture Quarantine Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture, and the Quarantine of Authority of China (Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China/ AQSIQ) signed the Mangosteen Protocol agreement. Additionally, the government of Indonesia and its entrepreneurs are not just trying to enhance the quality of the mangosteen production, but also to defend and elevating the quality of the mangosteeen products itself. Keywords: export, mangosteen, phytosanitary, commodity.
THE IMPACT OF TRADE WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA ON THE DECLINE OF PAPER EXPORTS TO INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY 2018-2020 Damar Mili; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 8: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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The trade war between the United States and China leads to Indonesian export to both countries. Indonesia is trading partner with the two countries that suffer from conflicts. This situation demands Indonesia to take actions to avoid the impact of the trade war. The declining of Indonesian export of paper raw materials to China result in finding new market. This study describe how the Indonesian government’s effort to deal with this issue.The perspective used in this research is the perspective of Neo-Liberalism, as well the analysis of the nation state level. This study used theory of hyper competitive which is able to explain the strategy of the Indonesian government to face difficult global situations and create policies to overcome problems due to the trade war between the United States and China. The analysis will use document from Indonesian Trade Promotion Centre (ITPC) Dubai, official application of the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Communication and information, and statistical data from UN Comtrade.This research shows Indonesian government policy dealing the impact of the trade war between United States and China on the decline Indonesia’s paper export to China is try to approach to the United Arab Emirates market share by signing a momerandum of understanding (MoU) between the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia and the Ministry of Energy and Industry of the United Arab Emirates. Keywords   : United States, China, Trade War, Indonesian Policy, Export, United Arab Emirates, Paper. 
KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA MEMBERLAKUKAN KEBIJAKAN BEA MASUK TINDAKAN PENGAMANAN (BMTP) PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP IMPOR PRODUK BAJA GALVALUME (STUDI KASUS: IMPOR BAJA INDONESIA VIETNAM) Agustian "; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 8: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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This study explains that there is a surge in imports of Indonesian galvalume steel products from several market shares in the main import origin countries. The increase occurred in 2012 when compared to 2008 it was noted that the most galvalume steel products were imported from Vietnam with a share of 60.04%. The increase in market share for Vietnam was 11.45%. With the surge in imports, there is a threat of serious losses experienced by the Indonesian galvalume steel industry. Therefore, Indonesia enforces a policy of protectionism against imports of galvalume steel. The author discusses the interests of Indonesia in imposing a Safeguard Measures Import Duty (BMTP) Policy on the Import of Galvalume Steel Products (case study: Indonesia-Vietnam Steel Imports).          The perspective used in this study is Markantilism and uses the level of analysis of the nation state. This research uses the theory of Protectionism that is able to explain the country's strategy in protecting the domestic galvalume steel industry from the threat of imported steel and overcome the problem by enacting the Safeguards Policy.          This research shows that the Indonesian government's Safeguards policy has a in protecting the domestic galvalume steel industry from the flood of imported steel that causes a serious threat of harm to industries that produce similar goods. Keywords: BMTP, National Interest, Galvalume, Security Measures, Protectionism.
PENINGKATAN EKSPOR PISANG INDOESIA KE CHINA TAHUN 2016-2018 Aidil Syahrizan; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 8: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Indonesia is one of the largest fresh banana producing countries in the world, Asia, and the largest exporter to China. Starting from the increasing number of exports in 2016-2018, there was an increase in banana exports to China. It turns out that the demand by China has not been fulfilled by Indonesia. This study discusses why there was an increase in Indonesia's fresh banana exports to China in 2016-2018.This study uses qualitative research methods, with the level of analysis of the nation state. The author uses the Heckscher-Ohlin export theory using a liberalism perspective. The data was obtained from an analysis of books, journals, websites, official reports from the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics regarding cooperation in the export of fresh bananas between Indonesia and China.The research showed the increase of Indonesia fresh banana exported to China. The increase in consumption of fresh bananas by Chinese citizens resulted in China imports from Indonesia to increase. China's demand for fresh bananas from Indonesia could be fulfilled by applying the concept of Phytosanitary Mitigation, and the Indonesian government application of a Gedor Horti’ s policy for the development of horticultural areas so that Indonesia's fresh banana qualification could comply with the requirments.Keyword: Export, fresh banana, Phytosanitary, Gedor Horti  
KEPENTINGAN NICOLAS MADURO MEMUTUSKAN HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK DENGAN KOLOMBIA TAHUN 2019 Zul Alfan; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 8: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Venezuela is a rich country bestowed of its oil natural resources. Unfortunately, it has suffered social and economic crises since 2016. Surprisingly, Nicholas Maduro is reelected in February 2019 and simultaneously announced breaking diplomatic relationship with his neighbor country Columbia. Maduro’s big decision to have that policy to Columbia who has political and economic support from the United States intrigued researcher to explain the reasons for Maduro.             Explanation for Maduro’s decision to break diplomatic relationship with Columbia was analyzed with level analysis of individual and international system. Behavioristic theory explained Maduro idiosyncrasy and international support by Russia and China for international system. Data came from books, journals, news, websites, and twitters.            The research showed that political culture of Venezuela enables a president to have a big power in decision making processes. Nicholas Maduro is a strong figure successor of Hugo Chaves who ever challenged the United States of America hegemony in Latin America. America support for logistic at the border between Columbia and Venezuela was assumed as a hostility toward Venezuela. Calculation of support from Russia and China to Venezuela as well as hostility assumption to Venezuela led to Maduro decision to end diplomatic relationship with Columbia who is American satellite.  Keywords: Motivation, Idiosyncrasy, Diplomatic Relationship, Venezuela 
INDONESIA'S EFFORT IN SEAWEED RE-EXPORTATION TO THE UNITED STATES Hendra Kurniawan; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 8: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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This research explains about the efforts of Indonesia in re-exporting seaweed to the United States. Indonesia has a vast sea area with waters that have abundant marine resources, one of which is seaweed, the potential for seaweed in Indonesia has promising economic sales, abundant seaweed production, and good quality, making Indonesia a seaweed exporter to several countries. one of them is the United States, The United States wants to delist Indonesian seaweed which results in huge losses to Indonesian seaweed exports.The perspective used in this research is liberalism based on the assumption that humans are essentially creatures who do not like conflict, are willing to cooperate, and are rational. The theory used is the theory of international cooperation. The level of analysis in this study is the nation state. The focus of this research is to examine how the behavior of the country's foreign policy in terms of the characteristics of the country. The data for this research were taken from books, journal articles, documents (government output and NOSB) and websites.Indonesia must find a solution so that its seaweed can still enter the United States in one way, namely Indonesia takes international trade negotiations with the United States and applies the standards that have been applied by the United States National Organic Standardization Agency.Keywords: United States, Indonesia, ASIC, Delisting, Efforts, Foreign Policy.
PERAN EUROPEAN CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS (ECCHR) DALAM MENANGANI SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (SGBV) DI SURIAH TAHUN 2020 Muhammad Syachdan Maulana; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 9: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) is a serious and prolonged case in Syria. This phenomenon also involves armed people and even people of high rank and position. The world's international organizations, both IGOs and NGOs, have tried to help solve the problem of violence based on gender. This paper will describe how the strategy of the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR) was successful in punishing two Syrian officials who committed gross human rights violations. Qualitative research is applied to answer the strategy used by ECCHR through secondary data. Documents from books, official publications such as the ECCHR annual report, journals, twitter, and articles from news worthy of trust. The theory of the Transnational Advocacy Network from Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink will be used to analyze the strategies applied. The results showed that the strategies of Information politics, Symbolic Politics, Leverage Politics and Accountability Politics had been used. ECCHR and its partners conduct criminal complaints in German courts using the principle of international jurisdiction. The ECCHR has successfully convicted two former Syrian officials involved in the Sexual and Gender-Based Violence incident.Keywords : Information politics, Symbolic Politics, Leverage Politics, Accountability Politics, European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR), Transnational Advocacy Networks (TAN), Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).
KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA MELARANG EKSPOR MINERAL NIKEL KE UNI EROPA Ismail "; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 9: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Indonesia is the second largest nickel producer countries in the world after Russia. Nickel is a strategic raw material for the battery industry for electric cars, stainless steel, and others. This reasons led Indonesian government to take a different policy from the previous one by exporting in raw one. This research explained the reasons why Indonesian government stop for exporting nickel ore.This qualitative research used secondary data sources from books, journals, news from magazines and newspapers, official documents from the Indonesian government, and websites. To explain the reasons for the export ban, the author utilized a nation-state analysis with a mercantilism perspective, and the theory of economic nationalism.The results showed that the reason for this prohibition policy to increase strategic values, politically and economically. Politically, this policy is a countermeasure to increase bargaining power over discrimination against palm oil commodities by the European Union. Economically, the better nickel prices in the global market after the ban on nickel exports. The ban on nickel exports also encouraged better processed of domestic products into value-added comodities. Keywords: Mining, Nickel, Downstream, Investment, Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 11 Year 2019
KEBIJAKAN STRATEGI HEDGING NORWEGIA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS MILITER RUSIA DI ARKTIK Wandy Ardiyansyah Hasibuan; Umi O. Retnaningsih
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 9: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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The Arctic region in the north has changed geopolitical conditions which were previously in Low Political Tension to High Political Tension as a result of climate change which causes the ice at the poles to melt. The melting of the Arctic ice has opened several economic opportunities, such as opening up access to Arctic natural resources to strategic projects such as new maritime routes. In addition, the opening of this opportunity makes the Arctic states, especially the Arctic coastal states, act more aggressively in protecting their national interests in the Arctic. Russia is one of the states that has made increasing military capabilities in the Arctic to maintain its security. The increase in Russian military activity in the Arctic makes Norway as a neighboring state feel threatened. By realizing this phenomenon, Norway uses a hedging strategy by considering its military, economic and diplomatic capabilities to deal with this threat.This research uses qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques through literature studies sourced from several books, journals, research documents, articles, websites, and other sources deemed by the author. This research also uses the Neorealism perspective and Balance of Power Theory.The results of this research show that Norway uses the type of Politico-Military Hedging where Norway tries to balance Russia's military power while strengthening diplomatic relations between the two countries. This is done by taking advantage of the geographical proximity of the countries so as to be able to create strategic bilateral relations. Keywords: Hedging, National Security, Arctic Geopolitic. Norway, Russia
Co-Authors Agustian " Aidil Syahrizan Alamsyah " Alya Fathia Fitri Andre Bob Rinaldi Sitompul Andrew Elkharist Ginting Aryanti Chyntia Devi Ayuni Agustyan Cika Ahdya Dewi Pratama Damar Mili Faiz Farisi Farhand Bima Anugrah T Fatima De Castro Rustam Gaizka Hergi Alhabsyi Hendra Kurniawan Ismail " Loudy Indah Sukma Metrina Veni Monica Lia Dinata Muhammad Syachdan Maulana Nur Adlim Yuvina Sahri Rafika Saniah " Sari Indah Pratama Shera Nur Izzah Wandy Ardiyansyah Hasibuan Zainal Abidin Zul Alfan