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All Journal International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE) Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech Jurnal Pertanian Kepulauan
Ilyas Marzuki
Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University,Campus Poka, Ambon
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering

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Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Maluku Nutmeg Oil Ilyas Marzuki; Bintoro Joefrie; Sandra A. Aziz; Herdhata Agusta; Memen Surahman
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (135.172 KB) | DOI: 10.12777/ijse.7.1.61-64

Abstract

The essential oil of Banda nutmeg was extracted using hydro-distillation method to characterize their essential oil and volatile components.  Banda, Ambon, and Luhu nutmegs were chosen as sample ecotypes. Nutmeg oils were subjected to physico-chemical and GC-MC analyses.  Results indicated that nutmeg from the three ecotypes produced uncolored oils with the contents in mature seed were 11.69, 11.92, and 9.99%, respectively. Meanwhile those of immature seeds contained 13.32, 11.99, and 11.03% respectively.  Furthermore, the physico-chemical of the oil are specific gravity 0.897 to 0.909 g/ml; refraction index, 1.489 to 1.491; and optical rotation, +11.40 to +16,30.GC-MS analysis suggested that essential oils Maluku nutmegs composed of 28 to 31 components and also showed that nutmeg from Banda comprised 52.8% monoterpene hydrocarbon (MH), 21.11% oxygenated monoterpene (OM), and 18,04% aromatic compound (AC); Ambon’s 45.12% MH, 24.51% OM, and 16.97% AC; and Luhu’s 56.06% MH, 27.34% OM, and 13.62% AC.  Further analysis indicated that there were four important volatile oils fractions in nutmegs i.e. myristicin, elemicin, safrole, and eugenol. Maluku nutmeg contain 5.57 to 13.76% myristicin and 0.97 to 2.46% safrole. In conclusion, nutmeg oil shows a high stability in all physico-chemical properties.  Nutmeg from Banda ecotype has the highest content in myristicin.
Studi Tentang Mutu Biji Pala Dengan Pengeringan Matahari dan Pengasapan Rahmadini, Nova; Marzuki, Ilyas; Laimeheriwa, Semuel
Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech Vol 2 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/j.agrosilvopasture-tech.2023.2.2.467

Abstract

The quality of nutmeg seeds is determined, among others, by their moisture content and the presence of aflatoxin contamination. To maintain quality, the moisture content of nutmeg seeds must be reduced to meet export standards. This can be achieved through sun drying or smoking. Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus fungi. The study aims to obtain nutmeg seeds with the appropriate moisture content according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) through sun drying and smoking methods. Also, it is to qualitatively identify the presence of aflatoxin in the nutmeg seeds. A total of 27 kg of nutmeg was divided into three treatment groups for drying and smoking. The drying and smoking treatments were arranged following a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Nutmeg essential oil was extracted using steam distillation. Subsequently, a qualitative identification of aflatoxin contamination was carried out using PDA media. The results showed that sun drying the nutmeg seeds for 72 hours resulted a moisture content of 7 - 8%. Meanwhile, the qualitative identification revealed the presence of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, and Rhizopus stolonifer in the tested samples. No A. flavus, however, which is the main fungus responsible for aflatoxin production, was found in the results. Therefore, by drying the nutmeg seeds to a moisture content below 10%, the emergence of aflatoxin-causing fungi can be prevented.
Karakterisasi Morfologi Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) Di Kecamatan Leihitu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Tasane, Serhan; Marzuki, Ilyas; Hukom, Zakarias F M
Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/j.agrosilvopasture-tech.2024.3.2.354

Abstract

Nutmeg is an important plantation product in Indonesia which is an important commodity and is stored at the international level (export commodity). This research aims to analyze the morphological and main characteristics of Banda nutmeg plants. Surveys and observations were carried out in Negeri Lima, Seith, Hila, Mamala and Morella, Central Maluku Regency. Based on the HCA cluster analysis, it is known that the 43 plant samples are known to be grouped into two large groups (Group I and II), where Group I consists of two subgroups, namely Ia and Ib. In Subgroup Ia, which consists of 28 plants, the dissimilarity level is 26% (or 74% similarity). Meanwhile, in Subgroup Ib, which only consists of 2 plants, the dissimilarity level is 18.8% (or 81.2% similarity). The second group, which also only consists of 2 plants, has a dissimilarity level of 23% (or 77% similarity). Furthermore, from the analysis of the PCA results, it is known that the morphological diversity of nutmeg is 26.3%, which is reflected in the main morphological characters, namely circumference, stem diameter, fruit stem weight, fruit flesh weight, and fruit diameter.
Potensi Minyak Atsiri Kayu Manis dan Kayu Lawang Sebagai Pengendali Hayati Fusarium oxysporum Hariroh, Siti Harir; Marzuki, Ilyas; Leiwakabessy, Christoffol; Talahaturuson, Abraham
JURNAL PERTANIAN KEPULAUAN Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pertanian Kepulauan
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/jpk.2025.9.2.1

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the potential of essential compounds of Cinnamonum burmannii and Cinnamonum cullilawan as a bioagent for Fusarium oxysporum and to test the efficacy of both essential oils in controlling the growth of the fungus F. oxysporum. Oil extraction was carried out using the steam-water distillation method, and analysis of the components of the oil compounds of the cinnamon was carried out using the GC-MS method. Essential oils were tested for their efficacy for inhibiting F. oxysporum with four concentrations, namely 0.06%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% on PDA and PDB media. The results show that the main essential compound in C. burmannii is cinnamaldehyde at 20.61%, and in C. cullilawan, it is eugenol at 26.33%. The essential compounds of both have antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, with a concentration rate of 0.125% being able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. The main active compounds, such as cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, play an important role in the fungus control mechanism. This research concludes that the essential compounds from both have the potential to inhibit F. oxysporum growth.
Co-Authors Abraham Talahaturuson, Abraham Bintoro Joefrie Hariroh, Siti Harir Herdhata Agusta Hukom, Zakarias F M Laimeheriwa, Semuel Leiwakabessy, Christoffol Memen Surahman Rahmadini, Nova Sandra A. Aziz Tasane, Serhan