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Plant Growth Performance of Top Grafted Young Cacao at Various Elevations in Indonesia Poleuleng, Andi Besse; Agusta, Herdhata; Yahya, Sudirman; Wachjar, Ade; Tjoa, Aiyen
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 7 No 02 (2020): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the plant growth performance of top grafted young cacao cultivated in various elevations. This research was conducted from January-August 2019 in South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi. A total of 54 plants were taken randomly from 6 locations with 3 altitudes (<300, 300-600, >600 meter above sea level, as.). The results showed that there was not significant different of plant height, stem circle, crown circle, the number of primary branches, the number of flowers, the length of horizontal and vertical roots in response to different elevations. However, the height of primary stem and leaves number of cacao from <300 m asl was significantly greater than those from either 300-600 m asl or > 600 m asl. The largest crown portion of actual biomass was found in the branches, then followed by the leaves and stem. While the highest actual root biomass was found at 10-20 cm soil depth.

Produksi dan Kualitas Beras Dua Varietas Padi Akibat Rebah dan Terendam . Dulbari; Edi Santosa; Eko Sulistyono; Herdhata Agusta; Dwi Guntoro; Sofyan Zaman; Yonny Koesmaryono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Rice lodging followed by flooding has negatively detriment on the production, however, scientific evident is still rare. As the incident tends to escalate as the impact of extreme weather, hence, research was conducted in order to evaluate rice production and its quality of two rice genotypes treated with lodging-flooding. The experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo Farm IPB Bogor in July-October 2016 using randomized complete block design using two factors, i.e., variety (Way Seputih and Way Apo Buru) and lodging (no lodged [bending 0-18°], lodged [lodged 38-56°], and lodged with flooded [lodged 76-90°]). Rice hill aged 85 days after transplanting was lodged for 15 days. Results showed that lodged with flooded treatment did not increase yield loss although the plant tended to have sterility 5.59-22.00% higher, grain weight 2.05-35.26% lower, and 0.88-10.66% lower value of rice to unhusked ratio. Grains from the lodged-flooded plant had a number of head rice 13.38-15.78% lower, broken rice 0-24.84% higher, and stimulated germination on 1.33-3.40% grains than lodged-without-flooded. It is important to use rice varieties with stable on milling quality to address the lodged-flooded incident.

Identification of Heavy Metal in Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch Compost, Mulch from Palm oil Waste and Its Effect on Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Mercy Bientri Yunindanova; Herdhata Agusta; Dwi Asmono
Indonesian Journal of Physics and Nuclear Applications Vol 1 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

This study aimed to investigate the effect of compost from oil palm empty fruit bunches with different ages, mulching oil palm waste, the levels of heavy metals in compost and its influence on the growth and yield of chili. Composting was assisted by the starter (PromiTM) with a dose of 0.5 kg per ton of chopped bunches. Composting treatment distinguished by the composting time namely 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks. Mulch treatment consisted of shell, fiber and empty fruit bunch chopped. The empty fruit bunch compost had the potential to decrease the soil acidity because the pH of 7.89- 8.66. The EFBs compost contained Boron of 7.7-10.7 ppm, 12-24.8 ppm of Cuprum, 0.05 to 0.24 % of Fe, 26.5-89.7 ppm of Mn, and 9.1-10.8 ppm of Na. This compost contained heavy metal Cd and Hg. Cd was detected in amount of 0.08 to 0.25 ppm. Hg was detected in amount of 12.9-19.5 ppm. Meanwhile, Pb and As were not found. Cd did not exceed the threshold. On the other hand, Hg was detected exceeding the threshold but did not affect the growth and yield of chili. Organic mulch from palm oil wastes did not significantly affect on the chili yield. Shell mulch had a negative influence on the growth and yield of chili.

Strength assessment of rice hills from different planting distance by loading simulation Edi Santosa; Herdhata Agusta; Dwi Guntoro; Sofyan Zaman
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 3 (2020): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.31895

Plant spacing arrangement might benefit hill strength from the impact of strong wind velocity during extreme weather situations. Here, a loading test to evaluate rice hill strength was performed on Ciherang variety grown in square and double row spacing 2:1. The research was conducted at Cilubang village, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia from March to May 2017. Weight holding capacity was evaluated in 85 days after transplanting on four levels of hill height, i.e., 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, and 20 cm above soil level with three-time replication. The results showed that double-spaced hills had 66.0 % ± 3.1 % stronger than those of square spacing at all height measurement. To lodge a hill into 20 cm to 40 cm from soil level, it required 346.7 g to 741.7 g in square spacing, and 555.2 g to 1149.2 g in double row spacing. Stronger hills in double row spacing seemed to correlate with a higher number of tiller and hills architecture; it requires further study in the role of both factors on the hill strength improvement. The present study recommends applying double row spacing to improve rice hill strength especially at a time with a high chance of lodging by strong wind incident.

Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Maluku Nutmeg Oil Ilyas Marzuki; Bintoro Joefrie; Sandra A. Aziz; Herdhata Agusta; Memen Surahman
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The essential oil of Banda nutmeg was extracted using hydro-distillation method to characterize their essential oil and volatile components. Banda, Ambon, and Luhu nutmegs were chosen as sample ecotypes. Nutmeg oils were subjected to physico-chemical and GC-MC analyses. Results indicated that nutmeg from the three ecotypes produced uncolored oils with the contents in mature seed were 11.69, 11.92, and 9.99%, respectively. Meanwhile those of immature seeds contained 13.32, 11.99, and 11.03% respectively. Furthermore, the physico-chemical of the oil are specific gravity 0.897 to 0.909 g/ml; refraction index, 1.489 to 1.491; and optical rotation, +11.40 to +16,30.GC-MS analysis suggested that essential oils Maluku nutmegs composed of 28 to 31 components and also showed that nutmeg from Banda comprised 52.8% monoterpene hydrocarbon (MH), 21.11% oxygenated monoterpene (OM), and 18,04% aromatic compound (AC); Ambon’s 45.12% MH, 24.51% OM, and 16.97% AC; and Luhu’s 56.06% MH, 27.34% OM, and 13.62% AC. Further analysis indicated that there were four important volatile oils fractions in nutmegs i.e. myristicin, elemicin, safrole, and eugenol. Maluku nutmeg contain 5.57 to 13.76% myristicin and 0.97 to 2.46% safrole. In conclusion, nutmeg oil shows a high stability in all physico-chemical properties. Nutmeg from Banda ecotype has the highest content in myristicin.

PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMATANGAN KOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN MULSA LIMBAH PADAT KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) PADA TANAH ULTISOL Mercy Bientri Yunindanova; Herdhata Agusta; Dwi Asmono
Sains Tanah - Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Agroklimatologi Vol 10, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15608/stjssa.v10i2.144

Title : The Effect of Maturity Level of Empty Fruit Bunch Compost and Mulch from Palm Oil Waste to Tomato Productivity in Ultisol. This research was conducted to understand the effect of maturity level of empty fruit bunch compost and mulch from palm oil waste to tomato productivity in ultisol soil. This research used split plot design with mulch as main plot and maturity level of compost as sub plot. The mulch consists of four types: control, shell, fiber, and chopped of empty fruit bunch. The maturity level of compost consists of 5 levels: control, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, and 10 weeks. Material used in this research was tomato Ratna variety. Compost of 8 weeks gave the lowest value of C/N ratio (35.16) than 4, 6, and 10 weeks. This compost also had the highest level of N-total, P and Mg: 1.34 %, 0.08 %, and 0.25 %. Compost containing the lowest C/N ratio and higher nutrition gave better vegetative growt. Compost of 8 weeks and fiber mulch provided the highest harvest weight and the highest number of fruit (436.56 gram and 16 fruits). Fruit number and fruit weight were lower than general tomato cultivation because of soil condition. Soil type was ultisol which had lower acidity level. The lower KTK level of this soil made distruption in nutrients uptake. Compost of 8 weeks could increase harvest weight 52.59 % higher than control and also could raise number of fruit 82.53 % higher than control. Shell mulch presented negative effect to growth and productivity of tomato.

Local Adaptation to Extreme Weather and It’s Implication on Sustainable Rice Production in Lampung, Indonesia Dulbari Dulbari; Edi Santosa; Yonny Koesmaryono; Eko Sulistyono; Anung Wahyudi; Herdhata Agusta; Dwi Guntoro
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 43, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v43i1.2338

Extreme weather incidents refer to high rainfall and strong winds have been speculated to be detrimental on rice production. However, researches on the local adaptation to their impact on rice production are limited especially on tropical region like Indonesia. A study was conducted in Pesawaran, West Lampung, North Lampung, and Bandar Lampung using time series data of 2000-2015 and ground checking during extreme weather and normal seasons and its implication on sustainable management. Data were evaluated using multivariate regressions. Results demonstrated that the impact of extreme weather on the reduction of rice production was weak, 0.92%. Shifting on rice production among swampy, irrigated, and dry lands at which covered area of 13.67%, 42.69% and 43.65%, respectively, minimized the impact of the extreme weather. During limited precipitation, irrigated and swamplands had 2.5-3.0 times cropping intensity. Conversely, during La-Nina with excess precipitation, cropping in irrigated and drylands increased by 20 and 58%, respectively. Moreover, the local government maintained annual production improvement by about 5% through expansion of irrigated land, high yielding varieties and inputs subsidies. Considering that incident of extreme weathers tended to occur more frequently, consequently, planting calender utilization and rice variety adapted should be implemented.

Strength assessment of rice hills from different planting distance by loading simulation Edi Santosa; Herdhata Agusta; Dwi Guntoro; Sofyan Zaman
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 3 (2020): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.31895

Plant spacing arrangement might benefit hill strength from the impact of strong wind velocity during extreme weather situations. Here, a loading test to evaluate rice hill strength was performed on Ciherang variety grown in square and double row spacing 2:1. The research was conducted at Cilubang village, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia from March to May 2017. Weight holding capacity was evaluated in 85 days after transplanting on four levels of hill height, i.e., 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, and 20 cm above soil level with three-time replication. The results showed that double-spaced hills had 66.0 % ± 3.1 % stronger than those of square spacing at all height measurement. To lodge a hill into 20 cm to 40 cm from soil level, it required 346.7 g to 741.7 g in square spacing, and 555.2 g to 1149.2 g in double row spacing. Stronger hills in double row spacing seemed to correlate with a higher number of tiller and hills architecture; it requires further study in the role of both factors on the hill strength improvement. The present study recommends applying double row spacing to improve rice hill strength especially at a time with a high chance of lodging by strong wind incident.

Continuous Heavy Rainfall and Wind Velocity During Flowering Affect Rice Production Herdhata Agusta; Edi Santosa; Dulbari Dulbari; Dwi Guntoro; Sofyan Zaman
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 44, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v44i2.2539

To mitigate the impact of extreme weather incidents, rice cultivars Way Seputih (WS) and Way Apo Buru (WAB) were evaluated under simulation of continuous wind and rainfall treatments. The research was conducted from July to October 2017 at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor, Indonesia. For 15 days at day time, flowering rice hills were treated with about 100 mm/h water shower (Experiment-1), and with 0, 10-15, 20-25 and 35-40 km/h wind velocity (Experiment-2). Results showed that wind and rainfall treatments reduced rice production; the effect depended on the genotypes and flowering stage. Rain treatment from panicle emergence to 50%-emerged increased the number of unfilled grains by 154.6-182.3% and 55.7-101.9% in WS and WAB cultivars, respectively. Rain treatment at 100%-emerged had no effect on WS, but it increased unfilled grain (163.5%) and decreased grain index (12.9%) in the WAB cultivar. Wind speed at 35-40 km/h promoted a high percentage of grain drop (25.7%) and unfilled grains (77.3%), and low grain index (20.8 g) in WS genotype. WAB was more tolerant of wind stress than the WS. The present experiment showed that genotype had different responses to wind and rain treatments implying different mitigation strategies should be applied through genotype selection.

Pengaruh Bobot 1,000 Butir terhadap Field Emergence, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi pada Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Alma Wahyuningrum; Ahmad Zamzami; Herdhata Agusta
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v8i3.46485

Benih bermutu berperan penting dalam keberhasilan budidaya tanaman. Mutu benih yang tercantum pada kemasan benih bersertifikat hanya kadar air benih, daya berkecambah dan kemurnian benih. Nyatanya, masih banyak peubah mutu lain yang belum tercantum salah satunya bobot 1,000 butir. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih dan Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan Desember 2020 sampai Juni 2021. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan bobot 1,000 butir benih terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih, field emergence, pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi padi. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) tiga perlakuan, yaitu benih berbobot 1,000 butir tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Percobaan dilakukan pada tiga varietas, yaitu Ciherang, Inpari 32, dan Inpari 42. Bobot 1,000 butir benih berpengaruh nyata pada daya hantar listrik benih, tinggi bibit, jumlah daun bibit, bobot kering bibit dan pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Perbedaan bobot 1,000 butir benih tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap peubah IV, DB, Kct, Kst, PTM, BKKN, komponen hasil dan produksi pada ketiga varietas yang diuji. Benih dengan bobot tinggi memiliki kemampuan untuk tumbuh menjadi bibit yang kuat dan dapat mempercepat masa persemaian dari ketiga varietas yang diuji. Benih berbobot tinggi dan sedang memiliki pertumbuhan vegetatif yang lebih baik dibandingkan benih berbobot rendah. Kata kunci: bibit, persemaian, produktivitas

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