Verra Mellyana
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Kajian Penanganan Bahan dan Metode Pengeringan terhadap Mutu Biji dan Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Verra Mellyana; Usman Ahmad; Sri Widowati
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 26 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (570.208 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.026.2.%p

Abstract

ABSTRACT Energy is consumed in many sectors such as industry, transportation, and household. Most of the source of energy nowadays are obtained from fosil, which is predicted available for less than 10-15 upcoming years, and should be replaced by renewable energy. One of potential renewable energy to considered is Jatropha, a plant with seeds containing oil that can be processed into biodiesel. As a part of plant, fruit of Jatropha should be treated properly after harvest to maintain its oil in the seeds, so that good physical and chemical properties of  the oil extracted from the seed can be obtained. This research is aim to develop method of handling of the harvested Jatropha fruits, including its drying, to maintain quality of the seeds and oil resulted from extraction. Different combinations of preparation (fresh, seed and steamed seed) and drying (temperature of 50, 60, 70 oC and natural sun drying), have been investigated. The results showed that the best treatment was seed drying at 70 oC with the drying time of 4.83 hour, oil rate of 40.06%, and oil yield of 28.59%. Quality of the seeds which fulfilled Standard National Indonesia (SNI) 01-1677-1989 were broken seed (0.57%), cracked seed (0.20 %), foreign object (0%), moisture content (6.08%). However, the highest oil extraction (40.06%) was not satisfy SNI 01-1677-1989. This case, quality of castor oil which qualified SNI 01-1904-1990 were oil moisture content (0.23%) and acid value (0.33 mg KOH/g), but refractive index (1.6209), iod number (54.31) and saponification number (67.30) were unqualified. Keywords : Jatropha, drying, seed, castor oil  ABSTRAK Energi digunakan pada berbagai sektor seperti industri, transportasi dan rumah tangga. Sebagian besar sumber energi saat ini diperoleh darifosil, yang diperkirakan tersedia untuk kurang dari 10-15 tahun mendatang, dan harus digantikan oleh energi terbarukan. Salah satu energi terbarukan yang potensial untuk dipertimbangkan adalah jarak pagar, tanaman dengan biji yang mengandung minyak yang dapat diolah menjadi biodiesel. Sebagai bagian dari tanaman, buah Jatropha harus diperlakukan dengan baik setelah panen untuk mempertahankan minyakdalam biji, sehingga diperoleh hasil ekstraksi minyak dengan mutu fisik dan kimia yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode penanganan panen dari buah Jatropha, termasuk pengeringan, untuk mempertahankan kualitas biji dan minyak hasil ekstraksi. Kombinasi yang berbeda mulai dari penanganan bahan (buah segar, biji dan biji hasil pengukusan) dan proses pengeringan (suhu 50, 60, 70oC dan pengeringan matahari alami), telah diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah biji yang dikeringkan pada suhu 70oC dengan waktu pengeringan tercepat (4.83jam), kadar minyak 40.06%, serta rendemen minyak tertinggi (28.59%). Mutu biji telah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-1677-1989 diantaranya biji rusak (0.57%), bijipecah(0.20%), benda asing(0%), kadar air(6.08%). Akan tetapi kadar minyak (40.06%) yang merupakan kadar minyak tertinggi dari semua perlakuan ini masih belum memenuhi SNI01-1677-1989. Sedangkan mutu minyak yang memenuhi SNI01-1904-1990adalah kadar air minyak(0.23%) dan bilangan asam(0.33 mgKOH/g) dan yang tidak memenuhi adalah rata-rata indeks bias(1.6209), bilangan iod(54.31) dan bilangan penyabunan(67.30). Kata kunci: Jatropha, pengeringan, biji, minyak jarak
Predicting Oil Content of Palm Fruit Based on its Electrical Properties Mellyana, Verra; Budiastra, I Wayan; Irmansyah, Irmansyah; Purwanto, Yohanes Aris
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v14i3.933-946

Abstract

The oil content of oil palm fruit is a crucial parameter that must be determined before harvest, as it directly impacts crude palm oil (CPO) quality and processing efficiency. The conventional chemical method for oil content determination is costly and time consuming. This study aims to develop a non-destructive, accurate, and rapid method for predicting oil content in oil palm fruit based on its electrical properties. Measurements of electrical properties were taken across frequencies of 50 Hz to 5 MHz. Oil content of samples were determined by chemical method. Some pre-treatments of electrical properties were carried out and the pre-treated electrical properties were calibrated with reference oil content using simple linear regression and partial least squares regression. Linear regression model showed moderate accuracy (r = 0.61–0.81), with RMSE values between 9.54% and 12.99%. PLS regression models using admittance (r = 0.99, R² = 0.98, SEP 2.20%, RPD 7.99), resistance (r = 0.98, R² = 0.97, SEP 2.62%, RPD 5.56), and impedance (r = 0.98, R² = 0.95, SEP 3.16%, RPD 4.68) produced high prediction accuracy. The results confirm that electrical properties can be used to predict oil content in oil palm fruit rapidly and non destructively. Keywords: Electrical properties, Linear regression, Oil content, PLS.