Irmawati Irmawati
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

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Kekerasan mikro enamel gigi permanen muda setelah aplikasi bahan pemutih gigi dan pasta remineralisasi (Enamel micro hardness of young permanent tooth after bleaching and remineralization paste application) Budianto Liwang; Irmawati Irmawati; Els Budipramana
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 4 (2014): December 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (296.485 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v47.i4.p206-210

Abstract

Background: Studies showed that bleaching agent had demineralization effect to enamel, and encourage use of remineralization paste after bleaching treatment especially in young permanent tooth which in post-eruptive enamel maturation. Purpose: The study ere aimed to determine the bleaching agent effect on enamel surface micro hardness, and to determine the effect of remineralization paste application on enamel surface micro hardness of young permanent tooth after bleaching treatment. Methods: Fourteen young permanent teeth were placed in a block of resin with a window on the buccal surface enamel. The initial enamel surface hardness was measured using Microvickers Hardness Tester. Then the application of hydrogen peroxide bleaching materials 30% was done three times for 15 minutes and followed by surface hardness of enamel measurement. Samples were divided into 2 groups; the first group was applied paste of Hydroxy apatite + NaF 1450ppm , and the second group was applied paste of CPP–ACP + NaF 900ppm. Each paste was applied for 30 minutes for 7 days, then the enamel surface hardness of samples were measured. Results: The enamel surface micro hardness decreased after bleaching from 333.09 ± 10.49 VHN to 299.15±5.70 VHN. Micro hardness after application of Hidroxy apatite + NaF 1450ppm was 316.61±5.87 VHN and after application of CPP-ACP + NaF 900ppm was 319.94±3.25 VHN, however the micro hardness still lower than initial micro hardness. Conclusion: Tooth bleaching agent caused a decrease of enamel surface micro hardness in young permanent tooth. The use of remineralization paste enabled to increase the enamel surface micro hardness young permanent tooth.Latar belakang: Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa produk pemutih gigi memiliki efek demineralisasi enamel gigi, dan mendorong penggunaan pasta remineralisasi setelah pemutihan gigi terutama di gigi muda permanen yang enamelnya masih dalam proses maturasi pasca-erupsi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kekerasan mikro permukaan email gigi permanen muda, dan efek aplikasi pasta remineralisasi setelah pemutihan gigi. Metode: Empat belas gigi permanen muda ditempatkan dalam blok resin dengan jendela pada enamel permukaan bukal dan dilakukan pengukuran kekerasan permukaan enamel sampel awal dengan menggunakan alat Microvickers Hardness Tester. Kemudian dilakukan aplikasi bahan bleaching hidrogen peroxide 30% sebanyak 3 kali masing-masing selama 15 menit. Setelah aplikasi bahan bleaching, kekerasan permukaan enamel sampel diukur kembali. Sampel dibagi 2 kelompok; kelompok pertama diaplikasi pasta remineralisasi Hidroksi apatit + NaF 1450ppm, dan kelompok kedua diaplikasi pasta CPP-ACP + NaF 900ppm. Masing-masing pasta tersebut diaplikasikan selama 30 menit 7 hari berturut-turut. Setelah aplikasi pasta remineralisasi, sampel diukur kembali kekerasan permukaan enamelnya. Hasil: Kekerasan mikro permukaan enamel menurun setelah aplikasi pemutih gigi, dari 333.09 ± 10.49 VHN ke 299,15 ± 5.70 VHN. Kekerasan mikro setelah aplikasi Hidroxy apatit + NaF "> 1450ppm adalah 316,61 ± 5.87 VHN dan setelah aplikasi CPP-ACP + NaF 900ppm adalah 319,94 ± 3,25 VHN, namun kekerasan mikro setelah aplikasi pasta remineralisasi masih lebih rendah dari kekerasan mikro awal. Simpulan: Bahan pemutih gigi menurunkan kekerasan mikro permukaan enamel gigi permanen muda secara signifikan. Aplikasi pasta remineralisasi dapat meningkatkan kembali kekerasan mikro permukaan enamel gigi permanen muda.
Daya hambat xylitol dan nistation terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans (in vitro) (Inhibition effect of xylitol and nistatin combination on Candida albicans growth (in vitro)) Sarah Kartimah Djajusman; Udijanto Tedjosasongko; Irmawati Irmawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 3 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (363.74 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v47.i3.p164-167

Abstract

Background: The growth of Candida albicans can be controlled by using antifungal such as nystatin. These days we found that using antifungal is not enough to control Candida albicans, we also have to control the intake of sugar by using xylitol. Purpose: Purpose of the study was to determine the optimal inhibitory concentration of xylitol-nystatin in the Candida albicans growth. Methods: This was an in-vitro study using an antimicrobial test of serial dilution with xylitol-nystatin and sucrose–nystatin consentration of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 10%.Growth inhibition of C. albicans was determined by the inhibition zone of xylitol + nystatin on C. albicans culture media (in vitro) Results: The result of study was the inhibitory consentration of xylitol-nystatin to inhibit Candida albicans growth was 3%-10%. Conclusion: The study showed that combination of xylitol and nystation could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.Latar belakang: Pertumbuhan Candida albicans dapat dikontrol dengan menggunakan antijamur seperti nistatin. Penggunakan antijamur saja tidak cukup untuk mengontrol Candida albicans, namun perlu pula mengontrol asupan gula dengan menggunakan xylitol. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi hambat optimal xylitol-nistatin dalam pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian in vitro menggunakan uji antimikroba pengenceran serial dengan xylitol-nistatin dan nystatin-sukrosa konsentrasi 1%, 3 %, 5 %, 7%, 9%, dan 10%. Daya hambat pertumbuhan C. albicans diukur dari zona hambat xylitol + nistatin pada media kultur C. albicans (in vitro) Hasil: Konsentrasi penghambatan xylitol-nistatin untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans adalah 3-10%. Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi xylitol dan nystation bisa menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans.
Penurunan jumlah Streptococcus mutans pada saliva anak dengan ortodonti cekat setelah konsumsi yoghurt (Reduction of salivary Mutans Streptococci in children with fixed orthodontic appliance after yoghurt consumption) Dewi Anggreani Bibi; Udijanto Tedjosasongko; Irmawati Irmawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 2 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (501.169 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v47.i2.p82-86

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances in children increases with the case of malocclusion in Indonesia. The patients with fixed orthodontics have higher risks of caries. Purpose: The study was aimed to examine the influences short term daily consumption fruit-flavored yoghurt on salivary mutans Streptococci in pediatric patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with a double-blind randomized crossover design. The subjects were 26 children in range of age 11 to 15 years old who were under orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances. Subjects were divided into 2 (two) groups which consist of 13 children each. Group A were asked to consumed a 150 ml of yoghurt Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus once a day for 2 weeks, while group B were asked to consumed milk once a day for the same period of time. After “washout” period for 2 weeks, the subjects of group A and B crossed over the drink, group A was asked to consumed milk and group B was asked to consumed yoghurt for another 2 weeks. Before and after consuming yoghurt or milk, the subject’s saliva samples were taken and the colonies of mutans Streptococci were counted on TYC media. Results: Statistical analysis showed that on subjects who consumed yoghurt the colony number of mutans Streptococci reduced significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Short-term daily consumption of the probiotic yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria and Lactobacillus acidophilus could reduce the number of salivary mutans streptococci in pediatric patient during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Latar belakang: Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti menggunakan alat cekat pada anak-anak meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah kasus maloklusi di Indonesia. Namun faktanya penggunaan piranti ortodonti cekat berisiko terjadinya karies disekitar bracket. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti pengaruh konsumsi yoghurt buah dalam jangka pendek terhadap jumlah Streptococcus mutans pada saliva anak pemakai ortodonti cekat. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratoris dengan desain penelitian double blind randomized crossover design. subjek penelitian adalah 26 anak berusia 11-15 tahun yang sedang menjalani perawatan ortodonti dengan piranti cekat. subjek dibagi dalam 2 kelompok dengan masing-masing 13 anak. Kelompok A diminta untuk mengkonsumsi 150 ml yoghurt Bifidobacterium bifidum dan Lactobachillus acidophillus sekali sehari selama 2 minggu, sedang kelompok B diminta untuk mengkonsumsi susu sekali sehari selama 2 minggu. Setelah periode “washout” selama 2 minggu, kedua kelompok bertukar minuman, kelompok A mengkonsumsi susu sedang kelompok B mengkonsumsi yoghurt selama 2 minggu. Setiap sebelum dan sesudah mengkonsumsi yoghurt dan susu, sampel saliva subjek diambil dan dilakukan penghitungan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans pada media TYC. Hasil: Analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa setelah mengkonsumsi yoghurt jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans dalam saliva subjek berkurang secara signifikan (p < 0,05). Simpulan: Konsumsi probiotik yoghurt yang mengandung Bifidobacterium bifidum dan Lactobachillus acidophillus dapat mengurangi jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans dalam saliva anak selama perawatan ortodontik cekat.
Treatment of non-vital primary molar using lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR 3Mix-MP) Tania Saskianti; Udijanto Tedjosasongko; Irmawati Irmawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 2 (2013): June 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (315.402 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v46.i2.p80-84

Abstract

Background: Root canal preparation and anatomic variations of deciduous teeth often cause the child patient uncooperative and sometimes the treatment failure. the non-threatening treatment and non-invasive approaches is needed to obtain a good cooperation from child patient. Purpose: The study was aimed to clinically evaluate the use of 3Mix-MP- a combination of antibacterial drugs, i.e. metronidazole, minocycline and ciprofloxacin (3Mix), and macrogol and propylene glycol (MP) - as pulp medicament on a necroses primary molar. Methods: Subject were the children patients of Pediatric Dental Clinic Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital. Eight primary molars with pulp necroses due to dental caries were selected as samples. The treatment was done based on the concept of lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) therapy. A slice of 3 Mix-MP pastes was placed in the cavity and then sealed with glassionomer cement. Subjects were asked for recall visit in 1, 3 and 6 months post treatment, for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The antibacterial effect of 3 Mix-MP was compared with tempophore on mixed bacteria of pulp cavity which was isolated prior to therapy. The antibacterial effect was determined by measuring the inhibition zone after 24 hours anaerobe incubation. Results: Seven out of 8 subjects on recall visit showed no acute or chronic clinical symptoms, such as fistulae, abscess, purulent exudates, swelling or feel any pain during mastication. Microbiological test result showed LSTR 3Mix-MP had antibacterial effect higher than tempophore (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed that 3Mix-MP treatment showed clinical and radiographic positive response on necrose primary molar.Latar belakang: Preparasi saluran akar dan variasi anatomi gigi sulung seringkali menyebabkan pasien anak tidak kooperatif dan kadang menyebabkan kegagalan perawatan. Perawatan yang tidak menakutkan dan non-invasif diperlukan untuk mendapatkan kerjasama yang baik dari pasien anak. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk evaluasi klinis penggunaan 3Mix - MP- kombinasi obat antibakteri, yaitu metronidazole, minocycline dan ciprofloxacin (3Mix), dan makrogol dan propilen glikol (MP) – sebagai pengobatan pulpa pada gigi molar sulung yang nekrose. Metode: Subjek adalah pasien anak dari Klinik Kedokteran Gigi Anak Rumah Sakit Gigi & Mulut Universitas Airlangga. Delapan gigi molar sulung dengan nekrosis pulpa akibat karies gigi dipilih sebagai sampel. Pengobatan dilakukan berdasarkan konsep lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR). Selapis pasta 3 Mix - MP ditempatkan di kavitas gigi dan kemudian ditumpat dengan semen glass-ionomer. Subjek diminta untuk kontrol untuk evaluasi klinis dan radiografi 1, 3 dan 6 bulan pasca perawatan. Efek antibakteri 3 Mix - MP terhadap bakteri campuran rongga pulpa yang diisolasi sebelum terapi dibandingkan dengan tempophore . Efek antibakteri ditentukan dengan mengukur zona hambat setelah 24 jam inkubasi anaerob. Hasil: Tujuh dari 8 subjek pada saat kontrol tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis akut atau kronis, seperti fistula, abses, eksudat purulen, bengkak atau merasa sakit selama pengunyahan. Hasil uji mikrobiologi menunjukkan LSTR 3Mix - MP memiliki efek antibakteri yang lebih tinggi daripada tempophore (p<0,001). Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan 3Mix - MP memberikan respon positif pada perawatan molar sulung yang nekrotik secara klinis dan radiografis.
Kekerasan permukaan semen ionomer kaca konvensional tipe II akibat lama penyimpanan (The surface hardness of type II conventional glass ionomer cement conventional because of the length of storage) Asti Meizarini; Irmawati Irmawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 38 No. 3 (2005): September 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (131.724 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v38.i3.p146-150

Abstract

Type II conventional glass-ionomer cements (GIC) are restorative materials consisting of powder and liquid mixed to produce a plastic mass that subsequently sets to a rigid solid. The early GIC was marketed without the expired date, although this material has been currently marketed with the expired date, how stable the materials are not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the powder and the liquid GIC storage on the surface hardness of the samples. Six disc samples (5 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick) were made for each of four groups consisting of powder: aged liquid ages, aged powder: new liquid new, new powder new: new liquid new and aged powder: aged liquid ages respectively. All samples prepared followed the manufacturers’ recommendations and were allowed to set for 15 minutes then they were kept for 24 hours at room temperature before testing. Vickers microhardness was assessed for measuring the surface hardness at the top of the sample surface. The data were statistically analyzed using an ANOVA and LSD (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that the highest surface hardness was on the group of new powder: new liquid new = 52.040 VHN. The other groups were nearly similar, for new powder: aged liquid, aged powder: new liquid, aged powder: aged liquid they were 49.558 VHN; 49.123 VHN; 48.938 VHN respectively. Conclusion, powder and liquid of the type II conventional glass ionomer that had been stored for a long time descreased the surface hardness of the glass ionomer cements.