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KEBIJAKAN FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION AMERIKA SERIKAT DI LAUT TIONGKOK SELATAN Muhammad Bahri
WANUA : Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): WANUA : Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Univesitas Hasanuddin

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Abstract

Purpose of this research are knowing and understanding policy of Freedom Of Navigation (FON) United States in South China Sea and more detailexplained with knowledge of FON policy, interest on provisions of policy as well as implications of it’s policy. As to achieve these objectives, the author was usinganalytic descriptive method with method of data collection through interview and research library and qualitative data analysis techniques. While method process of writing was used bydeductive. Results of this research had indicated that policy of freedom of navigation United States in South China Sea as type rejection of claims of People's Republic of China (PRC) in it’s region. This situation because claims is not basing of international law and threatens security in the region. Involvement US also because it is based by request of States in Southeast Asia which also claims the region such as Vietnam and Philippines. National interests of United States has always proclaimed rule of freedom of navigation in the region and this things was true for all countries, as mandated by body of international law. As implications of policy, China motion in continuing development and exploitation in the region become limited. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memahami kebijakan Freedom Of Navigation (FON) Amerika Serikat di Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan lebih detailnya dijabarkan melalui pemahaman terhadap kebijakan FON, kepentingan atas ketetapan dari kebijakan tersebut serta implikasi dari kebijakan tersebut. Adapun untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut maka penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan library research serta teknik analisis data secara kualitatif. Sedangkan metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah deduktif . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan freedom of navigation Amerika Serikat di Laut Tiongkok Selatan sebagai upaya penolakan terhadap klaim Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) di kawasan tersebut. Hal ini karena klaim tersebut tidak berdasar pada hukum internasional dan telah mengancam keamanan di kawasan tersebut. Keterlibatan AS juga karena didasarkan atas permintaan Negara-negara di Asia Tenggara yang juga mengklaim kawasan tersebut seperti Vietnam dan Filipina. Kepentingan nasional Amerika Serikat selalu mengumandangkan penegakkan freedom of navigation di kawasan tersebut dan hal ini berlaku bagi seluruh negara sebagaimana mandat dalam isi hukum internasional. Sebagai implikasi dari kebijakan tersebut maka gerak Tiongkok dalam melanjutkan pembangunan dan atau eksploitasi di kawasan tersebut menjadi terbatas.
Konflik Kewenangan Antar Lembaga Negara dalam Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Fadan Buljah Alaryahiyyah; Muhammad Rifki; Revan Sauqi; Muhammad Bahri; Ade Fartini
Politika Progresif : Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Humaniora Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): : Politika Progresif : Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Humaniora
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/progres.v2i3.2436

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the conflict of authority between the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) and the Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) within Indonesia’s constitutional system, focusing on institutional disputes that have emerged following the amendment of the 1945 Constitution. The main objective is to examine the legal foundations, juridical implications, and mechanisms for resolving jurisdictional conflicts between the two courts through a normative juridical approach and case-based analysis. The findings indicate that authority conflicts between the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court often arise from overlapping legal norms and ambiguities in the delineation of constitutional functions established by the 1945 Constitution and its implementing laws. In several cases, such as disputes over the judicial review of regulations below the level of statutes, divergent interpretations have occurred regarding the scope of constitutional versus administrative jurisdiction. This study reveals that legal harmonization through regulatory reform and inter-institutional coordination is essential to prevent future jurisdictional overlaps. The conclusion emphasizes the need to strengthen the principles of checks and balances and clarify the hierarchy of norms to ensure stability in Indonesia’s constitutional framework. The research recommends the establishment of a cross-institutional constitutional forum as a mediation mechanism among state institutions to uphold constitutional supremacy and legal certainty in Indonesia.