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All Journal Lexicon JLA (Jurnal Lingua Applicata) Bakti Budaya: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Religion Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Journal : Lexicon

 1 
Impoliteness and Power in U.S. Political Campaign Debates: The Case of Donald Trump Ahmad Wijanarko; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i1.41277

Abstract

This research examines impoliteness strategies in the context of political campaign debates by the presidential candidates, particularly by Donald Trump against other candidates. The data used in this research, taken from the last three National Republican debates, were Donald Trump’s utterances in which he employed impoliteness strategies. The data were analyzed using Garcia-Pastor’s (2008) impoliteness strategies. The results show that Donald Trump employed the negative-face oriented strategies much more frequently (66.15%) than the positive-face oriented strategies (33.85%). The negative-face oriented strategy ‘state the communicative act(s) as common or shared knowledge’ was the most frequently used (30.38%). These results suggest that for the purposes of asserting power in the debates, Donald Trump tends to use negative-faced oriented impoliteness strategies in his political debates.
Refusal Strategies in Two Harry Potter Movies Winny Permataningtyas; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41578

Abstract

This research investigates refusal acts and the strategies used in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets movies. It aims to identify what types of refusal acts are used by the characters in the movies and how they are expressed throughout the movies. The data were obtained from the two movies. A total of 91 refusals and 12 adjuncts were found in the movies. The results indicate that indirect refusals were more commonly used (65%) than direct refusals (35%). However, the direct strategy negative willingness/ability is the most commonly used (26%), followed by the indirect strategies Attempt to dissuade interlocutor (21%) and Reason/Explanation (18%). The findings seem to suggest that the characters in the Harry Potter movies tend to express their refusals indirectly, especially through persuasion and explanation.
Request Strategies in the TV Series Victorious Windy Alviora Lestari; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v6i1.50310

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate request strategies as found in an American TV series Victorious. In particular, it attempted to identify and classify request head acts, external modifications, and types of sentences of the requests expressed by the characters in the series. Therefore, utterances containing requests in the TV series were used as the data of this study. The results show that the most frequently used request strategy in the TV series was direct strategy (mood derivable) with 194 occurrences (67%). In addition, an external modification by means of grounder was found to be the most frequent strategy in the TV series with 32 occurrences (94% of the total number of the external modifications). Furthermore, it was found that the imperative sentence was the most frequent type of sentence utilized by the characters in the series when making requests with 216 occurrences (74%). In conclusion, the tendency for the characters to use mood derivable as their request strategy might due to their intimacy with each character and the informal situations and conversations where they interacted with each other throughout the TV series. In addition, the proclivity of the characters to use grounder may relate to ease and simplicity. Finally, the tendency of the characters to use declarative sentences when making requests might due to its simplicity and function to state facts, opinions, or ideas.
A Comparative Study of Apology Strategies produced by Indonesian and Australian Bridge Players Fanny Misfa Jessy; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 6, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v6i2.53975

Abstract

This study aims to identify, classify, and compare the apology strategies used by Indonesian and Australian bridge players. The data were gathered from 10 Indonesian bridge players and 10 Australian bridge players through a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) questionnaire. There are 173 apology strategies found among Indonesian bridge players and 146 apology strategies among Australian bridge players. The data are classified by the categorization adapted from previous research such as Cohen and Olshtain (1981), Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) and Shahrokhi and Jan (2012). The result of the study shows some similarities and differences in terms of frequency of apology strategies used by Indonesian and Australian bridge players. The findings of this study describe the speech acts of apology between two groups of people with different cultural backgrounds.
The Flouting of Grice’s Conversational Maxims in Pirates of the Caribbean 1-5 Krismona Apriyani; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v7i1.64586

Abstract

This research is aimed to investigate maxim floutings uttered by the pirate characters in Pirates of the Caribbean movie series. The goals of this research are to identify and classify the maxim flouting within the movie series, to describe how the pirate characters flout the Grice’s maxim, and also to discover the purpose of the maxim flouting itself. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyze the data. The result shows that there are 39 cases of maxim flouting with 4 cases (10.3%) of flouting the maxim of Quantity, 13 cases (33.3%) of flouting the maxim of Quality, 16 cases (41.0%) of flouting the maxim of Relation, and 6 cases (15.4%) of flouting the maxim of Manner. The pirates tend to give too much information, simply say something which does not represent what they think by using: metaphor, irony, sarcasm, and hyperbole, give irrelevant answers, and also give ambiguous answers. There are several purposes of maxim flouting found in this movie series. They are: insulting, giving warning, challenging other characters, boasting about oneself, telling about facts, informing plans, convincing, expressing seriousness, demanding respect, expressing insincerity, expressing love, expressing disappointment, giving advice, expressing happiness, creating fear, creating humor, and avoiding making others sad.
Violations of Gricean Maxims in the TV Series You Gledin Maulin; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 8, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v8i1.65905

Abstract

This research investigates the violations of Gricean maxims committed by the main characters in the TV series You Season 1, especially Joe Goldberg and Guinevere Beck. It focuses on how the two characters violate the maxims and the possible purposes behind each violation. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to the data analysis. The results show that 100 maxim violations were found in the first season of the series. The most frequently occurring violation is the violation of the quality maxim with 56 occurrences (56%), followed by the relation maxim (28%) and the manner maxim with (10%). The least occurring violation is the violation of the quantity maxim (6%). Joe Goldberg and Guinevere Beck tend to violate the maxims by being dishonest, saying irrelevant things, giving vague or obscure responses, and providing insufficient or unnecessary information. Several purposes of violations can be identified throughout the data, namely to avoid unwanted responses, avoid suspicion, make certain impressions, deceive, divert, persuade others, and relieve worries.
The Violation of Conversational Maxims in the Movie Series Divergent Adelia Fatmawati Pradani; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 7, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v7i2.66572

Abstract

This research focuses on identifying the types of conversational maxims violated by the characters in a feature film trilogy entitled The Divergent Series. This research also aims to explain the functions of the violation of conversational maxims in the series. The result shows that there are 100 violations of conversational maxim in Divergent series, and among those, there are 43 violations of maxim of relevance (43%), which is the most frequently occurred in the movie. The second violation identified is the violation of maxim of manner, which reaches 24 violations (24%), and the third frequently occurring violation is violations of maxim of quantity with 22 numbers of violation (22%)/. The least occurring violation found in the movie is violation of  maxim of quality, which reaches 11 numbers of violation (11%). There are several functions of the violation of conversational maxim found in the movie: keeping a secret, concealing half of the information, avoiding certain topic/question, and confusing the hearer.
"Joe Biden is a corrupt politician!": Impoliteness in Donald Trump’s Tweets Fithrotul Izzah; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 9, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v9i1.66685

Abstract

This study aims at investigating impoliteness strategies in 351 tweets taken from Donald Trump’s personal Twitter account (@realDonaldTrump) from the first presidential debate to the Election Day of the 2020 United States presidential election. The current study employed Bousfield’s (2008) taxonomy of impoliteness strategies to analyze the data. There are 368 occurrences of eleven impoliteness strategies across 351 tweets. The most common impoliteness strategy is use inappropriate identity markers (23.59%), followed by threaten/frighten (21.13%) and condescend, scorn, and ridicule (20.59%). These strategies were employed to attack and discredit Trump’s political opponents as well as attracting prospective voters. On the other hand, two impoliteness strategies, namely hinder/block and enforce role shift, were not identified in the tweets. The results indicate that Donald Trump’s tweets exhibited impoliteness and that it played quite a significant role as a means of political campaign during the 2020 United States Presidential Election.
Impoliteness Strategies in John Mulaney's Stand-Up Comedy Arlivia, Zitta; Sembodo, Thomas Joko Priyo
Lexicon Vol 11, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v11i1.87082

Abstract

An analytical study on comedy provides significant insight into comedy as a complex and pervasive medium of expression penetrating everyday life. This study investigates the impoliteness strategies in John Mulaney’s stand-up comedy and how the most frequently used strategy entertains the audience through five sources of pleasure. The data gathered are the utterances containing impoliteness strategies from John Mulaney’s stand-up comedy specials: New in Town (2012), The Comeback Kid (2015), Kid Gorgeous (2018), and Baby J (2023). The impoliteness strategies found in the stand-up comedy were then classified using the theory of impoliteness strategies proposed by Culpeper (1996). The data containing the most frequently used impoliteness strategy are then classified based on Culpeper’s (2011) theory of five sources of pleasure of entertaining impoliteness function. The result shows 344 impoliteness strategies, with the positive impoliteness strategy being the most frequently used, with 163 occurrences (47.4%). From the 163 occurrences of positive impoliteness strategies, 105 entertain the audience through emotional pleasure (64%), followed by the pleasure of being superior with 33 occurrences (20.1%), the pleasure of feeling secure with 14 occurrences (8.5%), voyeuristic pleasure with ten occurrences (6.1%), and aesthetic pleasure with two occurrences (1.2%). The findings indicated that throughout his stand-up comedy performances, John Mulaney employs various impoliteness strategies, especially positive impoliteness strategies, to entertain the audience, primarily by evoking their emotional pleasure.
Chandler Bing's Sarcasm in the TV Series Friends: A Pragmatic Analysis Sembodo, Thomas Joko Priyo; Wijana, I Dewa Putu; Munandar, Aris
Lexicon Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v12i2.109306

Abstract

This study investigates the use of sarcasm by the character Chandler Bing in the American sitcom Friends, focusing on Seasons 1 through 3. Through a pragmatic lens, the analysis identified 134 sarcastic utterances and classified them based on the Gricean conversational maxims they flout as well as the communicative functions they serve. The findings reveal that the maxim of quality is the most frequently violated, with 91% of sarcastic utterances exhibiting a deliberate contrast between literal meaning and intended implication. Additionally, sarcastic functions are grouped into three categories: negative evaluation, positive evaluation, and other purposes. While no utterances were found to express positive evaluation, 36% delivered negative assessments of the hearer, and 64% fulfilled other functions, such as teasing, expressing frustration, or asserting social bonds. The study underscores the complexity of sarcasm as a pragmatic phenomenon and highlights its central role in character development and humor in scripted media. Limitations include the use of a single source and broad functional categories, which future research may refine by incorporating more diverse datasets and nuanced classifications.
Co-Authors Adelia Fatmawati Pradani Adi Sutrisno Ahmad Wijanarko Aris Munandar Arlivia, Zitta Fanny Misfa Jessy Fithrotul Izzah Gledin Maulin I Dewa Putu Wijana Krismona Apriyani Ni Gusti Ayu Roselani Tofan Dwi Hardjanto Windy Alviora Lestari Winny Permataningtyas