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Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin
Department Of Chemical Education, Universitas Mulawarman, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, 75119, East Kalimantan
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Carbon-containing Hydroxyapatite Obtained from Fish Bone as Low-cost Mesoporous Material for Methylene Blue Adsorption Mukhamad Nurhadi; Ratna Kusumawardani; Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin; Rahmat Gunawan; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (858.967 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.5365.660-671

Abstract

The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite has been synthesized using the fish bone obtained from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The synthesis was conducted at varying calcination temperature (300-700 °C) and duration time (1-5 h). The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite were characterized by using Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles consisted of the mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 159 m2.g-1 and pore size of 44 Å. The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue by varying the contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The maximum amount of adsorption capacity was 56.49 mg.g-1. The adsorption was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 ~ 0.998) and the pseudo-second-order model. This indicated that the dye molecules were adsorbed on the surface-active site of carbon-containing hydroxyapatite via chemical binding, forming an adsorbate monolayer. Hence, the adsorption capability corresponds to the physical properties such as the surface area and pore volume of hydroxyapatite because the larger surface area consists of higher binding sites for the adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was spontaneous. Thus, carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can be applied as a low-cost adsorbent for the treatment of industrial effluents that are contaminated with the methylene blue.  
Kinetic of Adsorption Process of Sulfonated Carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes in the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Mukhamad Nurhadi; Iis Intan Widiyowati; Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin; Sheela Chandren
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 1 Year 2019 (April 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1528.636 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2548.17-27

Abstract

The evaluation of kinetic adsorption process of sulfonated carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes in the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution has been carried out. The sulfonated carbon-derived from E. crassipes (EGS-600) was prepared by carbonation of E. crassipes powder at 600 °C for 1 h, followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 h. The physical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption studies. Adsorption study using methylene blue dye was carried out by varying the contact time and initial dye concentration for investigated kinetics adsorption models. The effect of varying temperature was used to determine the thermodynamic parameter value of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 98% when EGS-600 is used as an adsorbent. The methylene blue dye adsorption onto adsorbent takes place spontaneity and follows a pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model. 
Co-Authors Hadi Nur Iis Intan Widiyowati Mukhamad Nurhadi, Mukhamad Rahmat Gunawan Ratna Kusumawardani, Ratna Sheela Chandren