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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Joko Waluyo
Chemical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Journal : Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering

 1 
Pengaruh Perendaman Asam Nitrat pada Pemrosesan Nasi Instan untuk Menurunkan Indeks Glikemik Joko Waluyo; Yusi Prasetyaningsih; Fenny Tri Ariyani; Ida Maya Sari
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Volume 4 No 1 July 2020
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.43225

Abstract

Abstrak. Nasi merupakan makanan utama bagi kebanyakan orang di Indonesia. Memasak nasi membutuhkan waktu sekitar 40-50 menit. Nasi instan merupakan solusi untuk menanak nasi dalam waktu yang relatif singkat melalui proses precooking dan pengeringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat nasi instan dengan indeks glikemik rendah agar dapat dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes melitus. Cara pembuatan nasi instan ini adalah dengan cara merendam - memasak - membekukan - mengeringkannya. Beras direndam menggunakan larutan Na-sitrat 2 - 7% pada suhu 50°C, selama 2 jam. Perbandingan beras dengan larutan perendaman adalah 1: 2. Nasi yang sudah dimasak dibekukan di dalam freezer pada suhu -4°C selama 24 jam. Beras yang telah dicairkan dengan proses thawing menggunakan air hangat pada suhu 60°C. Beras kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 70°C selama 4-5 jam. Nasi instan siap diseduh (dihidrasi kembali) menggunakan air mendidih. Waktu rehidrasi beras instan mencapai 5,49 menit. Hasil pengujian indeks glikemik menunjukkan nilai indeks glikemik instan sebesar 51,69 dengan kandungan nutrisi yang tidak berubah secara signifikan seperti beras asli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan nasi instan dengan perendaman-masak beku-kering dapat menurunkan indeks glikemik. Abstract. Rice is the main food for most people in Indonesia. Cooking rice takes about 40-50 minutes. Instant rice is a solution for cooking rice in a relatively short time through a process of precooking and drying. The purpose of this study is to make instant rice with a low glycemic index so that it can be consumed by people with diabetes mellitus. The method used in making this instant rice is soak - cook - freeze - dry it. The rice is soaked using 2 - 7% Na-citrate solution at 50°C, for 2 hours. The ratio of rice with a soaking solution is 1: 2. Rice is needed up to pH 7 then accepted using ricecookerz. Cooked rice is frozen in the freezer at -4°C for 24 hours. Rice which has been liquefied by thawing process uses warm water at 60°C. Rice is then heated at 70°C for 4-5 hours. Instant rice is ready to be brewed (rehydrated) using boiling water. Instant rice rehydration time reaches 5.49 minutes. The glycemic index test results showed an instant glycemic index value of 51.69 with a nutrient content that did not change significantly like the original rice. The results show that making instant rice vy soaking-cookingfreezing -drying can reduce the glycemic index. Keywords: quick cooking rice, rehydration time, glycemic index
Menurunkan Indeks Glikemik Beras Putih Melalui Proses Pratanak Margono Margono; Fawnia Hanifah; Ameilia Ayu Safitri; Bregas Siswahjono Tatag Sambodo; Paryanto Paryanto; Joko Waluyo; Ari Diana Susanti; Prabang Setyono
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2020): Volume 4 No 2 December 2020
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v4i2.45464

Abstract

Abstrak. Nasi merupakan sumber karbohidrat dan makanan pokok masyarakat di seluruh dunia, khususnya di Asia. Konsumsi karbohidrat khususnya beras dapat menimbulkan efek penyakit diabetes tipe 2. Hal ini disebabkan karena indeks glikemik nasi putih lebih tinggi yaitu 56. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh nasi ciherang setengah matang dan ekstrak daun keji beling. Beras direndam selama 6 jam sehingga kadar air meningkat menjadi 30%. Beras dimasak dalam autoclave pada suhu 116 oC selama 15 menit. Nasi kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 50 oC selama 24 jam. Metode ini tidak berpengaruh pada penurunan indeks glikemik tetapi meningkatkan indeks glikemik lebih tinggi dari 54, mis. 56 oleh penguji 1 dan 80 oleh penguji 2. Abstract. Rice is a carbohydrate source and staple food for around the world of people, specially in Asia. Carbohydrate consumption , especially rice, can have effects of diabetes desease type 2. It is caused by the glycemic index of white rice is higher of 56. This research was conducted to study the effects of parboiled ciherang rice and extract of keji beling leaf. The rice was submerged for 6 hours so the mouisture increased to 30%. It was cooked in an autoclave at 116 oC for 15 minutes. The cooked rice then it was dried at 50 oC for 24 hours. This method didn’t have effects on reducing glycemic index but it increased the glycemic index higher than 54, e.g. 56 by tester 1 and 80 by tester 2.Keywords: rice, glycemic index, parboiled, ciherang.
Kajian Teknoekonomi Bioetanol Berbahan Molasses Sebagai Alternatif Substitusi BBM Awaludin Fitroh Rifa'i; Widya Anggraini Pamungkas; Rosana Budi Setyawati; Candra Pangesti Setiawan; Joko Waluyo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.63158

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Konsumsi energi pada sektor transportasi di Indonesia sangat besar dikarenakan penggunaan BBM yang sangat besar. Besarnya proporsi penggunaan BBM untuk transportasi juga diikuti dengan besarnya subsidi pemerintah untuk BBM. Data sepanjang tahun 2010-2020 menunjukkan realisasi subsidi BBM selalu lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang dianggarkan. Sehingga perlunya alternatif untuk mengurangi konsumsi BBM pada sektor transportasi. Dari sisi teknis peluang penggunaan bioetanol generasi 1 (G1) berbahan molasses mudah di aplikasikan karena proses yang sederhana. Dari analisis ekonomi terlihaat bahawa projek ini layak dilakukan ketika NPV dan DCFROR bernilai positif, sehingga saat harga molasses 1.500,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 15.000,00/ liter projek ini layak dilakukan, begitu juga ketika harga molasses 2.061,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 16.000,00/ liter serta ketika harga molasses 2.061,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 15.000,00/ liter, namun ketika harga molasses 2.061,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 12.113,00/ liter projek ini tidak layak dilakukan karena NPV dan DCFROR bernilai negatif. Dari hasil simulasi tersebut diketahui bahwa harga molases dan bioetanol sangat berpengaruh terhadap realisasi substitusi BBM dengan bioetanol, selain itu ketersedian bahan baku yaitu molasses juga perlu diperhatikan untuk menjaga kontinuitas proses. Kata Kunci: Bahan Bakar, Bioetanol, Ekonomi, Transportasi  ABSTRACT. Energy consumption in the transportation sector in Indonesia is very large due to the very large use of fuel. A large proportion of the use of fuel for transportation is also followed by the number of government subsidies for fuel. Data throughout 2010-2020 show that the realization of fuel subsidies is always higher than the budgeted one. So the need for alternatives to reduce fuel consumption in the transportation sector. From a technical point of view, the opportunity to use bioethanol generation 1 (G1) which is made from molasses is easy to apply because of the simple process. From the economic analysis, it can be seen that this project is feasible when the NPV and DCFROR are positive, so when the molasses price is 1.500,00/Kg and the bioethanol price is 15,000.00/liter this project is feasible, as well as when the molasses price is 2.061,00/Kg and the price of molasses is 2.061,00/Kg. bioethanol 16.000,00/liter and when the price of molasses is 2.061,00/Kg and the price of bioethanol is 15.000,00/liter, but when the price of molasses is 2.061,00/Kg and the price of bioethanol is 12.113,00/liter this project is not feasible because of NPV and DCFROR have a negative value. From the simulation results, it is known that the price of molasses and bioethanol is very influential on the realization of the substitution of fuel with bioethanol, the availability of raw materials or molasses also needs to be considered to maintain the continuity of the process.Keywords: Fuel, Bioethanol, Economy, Transportation
Evaluasi Kinerja IPAL Individual SANFAB ST 600 dengan Penambahan Anaerobic Granule Bacteria terhadap Outlet IPAL Domestik di Dusun Karangmojo, Boyolali Joko Waluyo; Paryanto Paryanto; Margono Margono; Sofiana Mukti Wigati; Shafira Rachmadhani; Ibnu Singgih Pranoto; Yulinar Pramesti Cahyani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.61498

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Kabupaten Boyolali memiliki jumlah penduduk tertinggi kedua di eks-Karesidenan Surakarta sehingga limbah cair domestik yang dihasilkan juga tinggi. Hal ini mendorong upaya pengelolaan limbah domestik menggunakan SANFAB ST 600. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kinerja IPAL Individual SANFAB ST 600 setelah diberi perlakuan dengan Anaerobic Granule Bacteria. SANFAB ST 600 memiliki volume 600 L dan berkapasitas 1-4 orang. Air limbah rumah tangga yang dialirkan ke inlet ST akan menuju ke settler, selanjutnya mengalir secara upstream dalam unit Anaerobic Filter dan terjadi penguraian zat pencemar oleh bakteri anaerobik. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada dua rumah di Dusun Karangmojo, Kabupaten Boyolali. Sampel diuji di BLKK Yogyakarta untuk parameter TSS, COD, BOD, konsentrasi Amonia, pH, dan ORP. Pada minggu ketiga di Rumah Bapak Wahyudi, karakteristik outlet ST memiliki nilai TSS 25,5 mg/L, Amonia 0,255 mg/L, BOD 25,01 mg/L, dan COD 47,92 mg/L sehingga sudah sesuai baku mutu. Dari hasil uji dilakukan perhitungan efektivitas pengolahan TSS, BOD, dan COD dengan cara menghitung selisih konstanta inlet dan outlet dibagi dengan konstanta inlet serta perhitungan rasio BOD/COD dengan membagi kadar COD dan BOD setiap sampel. Dari sumber limbah WC dan kamar mandi (Rumah Bapak Wahyudi) bakteri bekerja lebih efektif dibanding sumber limbah WC (Rumah Bapak Somowirejo) dengan efisiensi lebih dari 80% pada minggu ketiga penambahan bakteri.  Kata kunci: Anaerobic Granule Bacteria, Efisiensi, Limbah Domestik, IPAL ST 600 ABSTRACT. Boyolali Regency has the second highest population in the residence of Surakarta so the domestic wastewater generation is also high. This led to the management of domestic wastewater using Individual WWTP SANFAB ST 600. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Individual WWTP SANFAB ST 600 after being treated with Anaerobic Granule Bacteria. The SANFAB ST 600 has a volume of 600 L and a capacity of 1-4 people. Domestic wastewater that flows into the ST inlet will go to the settler, then flows upstream into the Anaerobic Filter unit and decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. Sampling was carried out at two houses in Karangmojo, Boyolali Regency. Samples were tested at BLKK Yogyakarta for parameters of TSS, COD, BOD, Ammonia concentration, pH, and ORP. In the third week at Wahyudi's house, the characteristics of the ST outlet had a value of TSS 25.5 mg/L, Ammonia 0.255 mg/L, BOD 25.01 mg/L, and COD 47.92 mg/L so it already suitable with the standard. From the test results, the effectiveness of TSS, BOD, and COD reduction is calculated by the difference between the inlet and outlet constants divided by the inlet constant and also calculating the BOD/COD ratio by dividing the COD and BOD levels of each sample. From the source of WC and bathroom waste (Mr. Wahyudi's House) the bacteria worked more effectively than the WC source (Mr. Somowirejo's House) with an efficiency of more than 80% in the third week after bacteria addition.Keywords: Anaerobic Granule Bacteria, Efficiency, Domestic Wastewater, IPAL ST 600
Absorption of Tar Content in Producer Gas using Used Cooking Oil in a Packed-bed Column Firman Asto Putro; Joko Waluyo; Bahaul Fahmi Al Haq; Wahyu Nur Hidayat; Sunu Herwi Pranolo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Volume 7, No 1 July 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i1.70383

Abstract

Abstract. The tar content in producer gas may cause crusting on the engine if it is utilized as a fuel gas, thus it needs to be removed. This study aims to determine the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient in process of removing tar from producer gas in a packed-bed contactor column. This process is carried out continuously using used-cooking oil as absorbent. This was carried out by contacting the producer gas as a product of cacao pod-husk gasification at temperature range of 491-940°C at a certain counter-current flow rate with used-cooking oil in a column with a Raschig ring packing bed. The study used packed-bed materials with specific surface areas of 29.3927 m²/m³, 49.7532 m²/m³, 95.4113 m²/m³, 96.8182 m²/m³, 101.6840 m²/m³, and 105.0128 m²/m³, and with the linear velocity of used-cooking oil ranging from 0.0229 m/s to 0.0827 m/s. A mass transfer coefficient mathematical model has been constructed based on the research results. The model applies to the ranges (As.dt), (DL/dt.vL), and (µL / ρL.vL.dt) from 2.2397 to 8.0020, 2.26.10-10 to 1.72.10-9, and 0.0331 to 0.3102, respectively, with an average error of 9.33%. The average tar removed was 87%.Keywords:Producer gas, mass transfer coefficient, packed-bed column, tar, used-cooking oil
The Prospects and Challenges of Biopolymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni; Muhammad Nur Ikhsanudin; Rizky Ibnufaatih Arvianto; Joko Waluyo; Sperisa Distantina; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Sunu Herwi Pranolo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Volume 7, No 1 July 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i1.73947

Abstract

Abstract. Currently, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technology is being interested in the Indonesian state as an advanced technology that can recover oil remaining in the reservoir. The discovery of new resources and EOR efforts are predicted to result in increased oil production. This paper provides a review of main types of EOR methods, which are gas injection, thermal injection, and chemical injection; mechanism of polymer flooding; and biopolymer materials for EOR, attention were given to xanthan gum, cellulose, guar gum, and lignin. Polymer flooding is a low-cost chemical injection method with a high rate of success. Polymer flooding has several advantages, including improving oil recovery by minimizing residual oil saturation, decreasing water output from oil well, and requiring less water compared with water flooding. Since the use of polymer flooding in the EOR activities, there is a lot of potential that biopolymers are materials that play a significant role in the application of EOR technology, because environmentally friendly properties and have advantages over synthetic polymers. Biopolymer can be modified to nano materials or grafted with synthetic polymer to improve its properties and stability. It have shear, salinity, and temperature resistance, long-term stability, and large availability, so it making the right choice for applications in oil recovery.Keywords:Enhanced oil recovery, EOR, biopolymer, polymer flood, modification of biopolymer
Optimizing Bioky Performance Using Super Small Vessel in Wastewater Treatment Installation at PT. X in Klaten Joko Waluyo; paryanto paryanto; Raihan Alamsyah; Deni Kurniawan; Ibnu Singgih Pranoto; Yulinar Pramesti Cahyani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Volume 8, No 1 July 2024
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.84831

Abstract

One of the causes of environmental pollution is liquid waste generated by industries, especially the printing industry. PT Macanan Jaya Cemerlang is one of the printing industries producing liquid waste that does not meet the quality standards. The purpose of this research is to optimize the performance of Bioky bacteria using the Super Small Vessel in the wastewater treatment plant at PT X Klaten. Treatment involves testing variables such as residence time and bacteria quantity's impact on TSS, MBAS, COD, BOD, pH, and ORP.The study employs anaerobic treatment with observed variables: residence time of 1; 2; and 3 days, and bacteria quantity of 2.4; 3.2; and 4 liters. Samples from each variable are then analyzed for pH, ORP, and TSS. COD, BOD, and MBAS are tested after obtaining the best TSS results from each variable.The research results indicate that longer residence time and increased bacteria quantity lead to greater reduction in TSS, COD, BOD, and MBAS, while pH approaches neutrality. Optimal conditions occur at a 3-day residence time with 4,0 liters of bacteria, resulting in a reduction of TSS, COD, BOD, and MBAS against the inlet by 99.75%, 95.47%, 94.84%, and 26.72%. Although the treated waste doesn't meet the established standards, it effectively reduces the pollution levels in PT X's wastewater. Keywords:Anaerobic, Efficiency, Printing Industry Liquid Waste, Super Small Vessel
Green Energy from Palm Kernel Shell Gasification – dual fuel engine performance analysis Firman Asto Putro; Sunu Herwi Pranolo; Joko Waluyo; Dwi Hantoko; Agapeano Aditama; Mochamad Wahyu Utomo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Volume 8, No 1 July 2024
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.83497

Abstract

Electricity generation in Indonesia is mainly generated from non-renewable fuels. Based on these problems, this research utilizes palm kernel shells to be converted into producer gas as secondary fuel for a 5 kW diesel engine. Through a gasification process equipped with a cooling and gas cleaning system, low tar gas is fed to the diesel engine with variations of gas flow rate ratio to combustion air. A dummy load is installed to investigate the effect of load on diesel consumption. The diesel engine vibration increases due to using two fuel types was measured by installing a vibration meter. The research results show that the higher the load and the greater the ratio of producer gas injected, the less diesel consumption. At a gas ratio of 4:1 and an increase of load from 1 to 5 kW, the diesel fuel flow rate reduces by 25 - 31%. The most significant reduction in diesel consumption occurred at a load of 5 kW, valued at 38.49%. On the other hand, increasing the gas ratio causes an increase in diesel engine vibration. The research results showed an increase in engine vibration of 5.84% - 10.25%. The largest vibration was recorded at a load of 5 kW with a value of 92.4 m/s².Keywords:Gasification, Palm Kernel Shell, Dual Fuel Engine, Diesel Consumption, Diesel Engine Vibration
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Yudistira Agapeano Aditama Ameilia Ayu Safitri Ari Diana Susanti Ary Setyawan Awaludin Fitroh Rifa'i Bahaul Fahmi Al Haq Bregas Siswahjono Tatag Sambodo Candra Pangesti Setiawan Deni Kurniawan Dwi Hantoko Dwi Hantoko Fawnia Hanifah Fenny Tri Ariyani Firman Asto Putro Firman Asto Putro Firman Asto Putro Fuad Dimar Fauzi Hafidz Dhany Wicaksono Handhianto Mustofa Herri Susanto Herri Susanto I.G.B Ngurah Makertihartha I.G.B.N. Makertihartha Ibnu Singgih Pranoto Ibnu Singgih Pranoto Ida Maya Sari Jenni Prasetiyo Jenny Rizkiana Margono Margono Margono Margono Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni Mi Yan Mochamad Wahyu Utomo Muhammad Ibrahim Hanif Muhammad Luthfi Maulana Muhammad Nur Ikhsanudin Mujtahid Kaavessina Paryanto Paryanto Paryanto Paryanto Petric Marc Ruya Prabang Setyono Raihan Alamsyah Rizky Ibnufaatih Arvianto Rizky Ridlo Ichlasul Amal Rosana Budi Setyawati Shafira Rachmadhani Sofiana Mukti Wigati Sperisa Distantina Sunu Herwi Pranolo Sunu Herwi Pranolo Sunu Herwi Pranolo Sunu Herwi Pranolo Sunu Herwi Pranolo Tobias Richards Wahyu Nur Hidayat Widya Anggraini Pamungkas Yulinar Pramesti Cahyani Yulinar Pramesti Cahyani Yusi Prasetyaningsih