Prasetyo Soepono
Universitas Gadjah Mada

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INSTITUTIONAL AND SPATIAL EFFECTS ON MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE: THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS AND THE NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PERSPECTIVE Abdul Aziz Ahmad; Prasetyo Soepono; Wihana Kirana Jaya
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 28, No 3 (2013): September
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (144.209 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jieb.6217

Abstract

In the economic view, the manufacturing sector is important in relationship to its role in economicgrowth and the whole economy. This empirical work examines why manufacturing disparityexists, and what institutional and spatial factors empirically have an important effect onthe manufacturing sector development in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The variables thatare identified that have an influence on the manufacturing performance are ethno linguistic,legal rules, bureaucratic financial performance, democracy, city fascination, regional locationindex, the manufacturing base, infrastructure, the labor force, the intermediary finance institutionand the types of regional administration (regency and city). To analyze it, this researchuses the spatial econometric method on its methodological analyses. It is used to reduce thepotential problem that arose in the cross section and panel data which had spatial interaction,and spatial structure. This empirical work shows that all of the institutional variables havepositive and significant effects on the dependent variable. The other result is that every spatialvariable also tends to have a positive and significant impact on manufacturing development.For economic policy, labor activity, the roles of financial intermediaries and infrastructurevariables also have a positive effect on the manufacturing development.Keywords: manufacturing disparity, spatial econometrics, institutional, ethno linguistic,regional location index
TEORI PERTUMBUHAN BERBASIS EKONOMI (EKSPOR) : POSISI DAN SUMBANGANNYA BAGI PERBENDAHARAAN ALAT-ALAT ANALISIS REGIONAL Prasetyo Soepono
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 16, No 1 (2001): January
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (246.451 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jieb.6802

Abstract

The determinants of regional growth are demand and supply. Demand as a factor for explaining regional growth inquires where the demand comes from and traces its impact through the regional economic system, where a demand for a regional output gives rise to other regional output by way of backward linkages. The export-based theory of growth claims demand as the determinant of regional growth. It seeks to identify the region’ s export activities, to forecast the growth in the activities, and to evaluate the impact of that additional export activity on the other or non-basic activities of the region. The export-based theory plays the role of identifying which sectors/ industries are basic and which ones are non-basic after those sectors/ industries undergoing a shift-share analysis. The export –based theory offers various techniques of determining what a basic sector industry is and various wyas of calculating economic base multipliers. The export-based theory has some disadvantages: no inter-regional inter-industry interdependence, short-run analysis, etc. However, one thing the export-based theory can contribute is that it is useful for small regions like a district (kecamatan), regency (kabupaten) in determining their ability to export and is the first to apply the macro-economic model of income determination to regions.Keywords: basic & non-basic sectors, location quotient, economic base multiplier
MODEL GRAVITASI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGUKUR HINTERLAND DARI CENTRAL PLACE: SUATU KAJIAN TEORITIK Prasetyo Soepono
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 15, No 4 (2000): October
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Tiap central place (kota) memiliki hinterland atau daerah sekeliling. Tiap kota mendominasi dan mempengaruhi daerah sekelilingnya. Kota dan daerah sekelilingnya saling mengadakan interaksi. Daerah sekeliling itu meliputi desa-desa dan sejumlah central place dengan jenjang yang lebih rendah. Sampai berapa jauh suatu central place mempengaruhi atau berinteraksi dengan daerah sekelilingnya dapat diukur dengan model gravitasi. Model gravitasi itu sendiri sebagai salah satu metode analisis wilayah mengalami perbaikan atau penyempurnaan. Model gravitasi yang dimodifikasi bahkan dapat diterapkan untuk mengambil keputusan-keputusan lokasi suatu pusat perbelanjaan atau perencanaan real estate lainnya.
TEORI LOKASI: REPRESENTASI LANDASAN MIKRO BAGI TEORI PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH Prasetyo Soepono
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 14, No 4 (1999): October
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

The birth of a region originates in the optimal location decision of individualfirms. Factors that affect the optimal location of individual firms are transferorientation (resources and market), and local input-orientation [energy, labor, intermediate inputs (localization economies & urbanization economies), amenities/qualityof life, local public' services, taxes, government incentives, local business climate,site costs and national political climate & stability]. Once the optimal location of eachindividual firm has been determined, the next development is to what extent it canunder price and sell its product. The extent of the market constitutes a market area:When each of all other firms producing the same products, has possessed its ownmarket area, those firms have formed the location pattern dominated by dispersion. Inthis way, market areas have been established. When all other firm's producingdifferent products /services can also under price and sell their products in each oftheir market areas, each market area becomes a region or a city, depending which onehas more population density. Each market area grows even more into a region or acity when all other firms producing different products (substitutes and/orcomplementary) , chooses to locate in each market area. This makes up the secondlocation pattern dominated by cohesion (agglomeration). From the viewpoint of thelocation theory, a region has firms engaged in all kinds of relationships of economicactivities: vertical, horizontal, and complementary, and all kinds of linkages: forwardand backward. Based on this, a region develops. During its process of development, aregion may succeed or fail. When it fails, it can be corrected by both local and centralgovernments by adopting appropriate regional policies oriented first to the microfoundation and then to the macro foundation of the development process of theregion.Seperti dalam ekonomi makro, diakui pentingnya landasan mikro, sehinggakebijakan makro dapat lebih tepat dan efektif (Branson, 1990). Demikian pula dalamEkonomi Regional dikenal dan diakui pentingnya landasan mikro (Hoover &Giarratani,1984, Blair, 1991, O'SulIivan, 1996). Landasan mikro yang dimaksuddalam Ekonomi Regional adalah teori lokasi. Oleh karena itu, mempelajari EkonomiRegional hendaknya didahului dulu dengan topik atau bab tentang lokasi suatuaktivitas ekonomi (aspek mikro) di mana diuraikan bagaimana tumbuhnya suatudaerah dimulai ketika suatu aktivitas ekonomi berupa aktivitas produksi atau aktivitasmanufaktur atau aktivitas jasa semula menetapkan lokasi optimalnya berdasarkanorientasi transportasi, kemudian berubah lokasinya berdasarkan orientasi lain yanglebih baik, dan seterusnya yang akhirnya berakibat dengan munculnya suatu wilayahatau daerah.Pentingnya landasan mikro adalah agar pengambil keputusan (pemerintahpusat atau pemerintah daerah) jangan sampai mengambil kebijakan daerah yang salahdan fatal dalam perencanaan daerah dan dalam penentuan wilayah-wilayah dalamsuatu negara yang lebih berorientasi pada faktor ekonomi dari-pada faktor nonekonomi {nodal regions vs. homogeneous regions/administrative regions). Apalaginegara kita sedang mengalami reformasi yang juga menuntut dihidupkannya otonomidaerah sehingga pemerintah pusat harus akurat dan tepat dalam merumuskankebijakan daerah agar mendapat dukungan rakyat yang makin kritis dan yang sedangmembangun ekonominya sebagai ganti ekonomi konglomerat yang telah membawaekonomi Indonesia terpuruk dalam krisis ekonomi dan moneter. Denganmemperhatikan landasan mikro, kebijakan daerah tidak lagi datang dari atas tanpamemperhatikan perilaku pelaku-pelaku ekonomi individual (pembentukan daerahadminitratif spt, propinsi, kabupaten, kecamatan), tetapi kebijakan daerah yangberorientasi pada prinsip ekonomi, motif ekonomi dan aspirasi para pelaku ekonomiindividual.Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk meminta perhatian kembali ataumemperjelas atau mengingatkan/menyadarkan kembali bagaimana suatu aktivitasekonomi (mikro) yang berprinsip ekonomi dalam rangka mencapai hasil optimalnya(keuntungan maksimumnya) harus mengambil keputusan lokasi optimalnya dan bilasekelompok aktivitas-aktivitas ekonomi itu berbuat hal yang sama (dispersion) dan secara bersama menempati lokasi yang sama (aglomerasi) dalam jangka panjang akan menimbulkan pertumbuhan suatu daerah umumnya dan kota khususnya.
PERANAN DAERAH PERKOTAAN BAGI PEMBANGUNAN REGIONAL: PENERAPAN MODEL THUNEN YANG DIMODIFIKASIKAN DI INDONESIA Prasetyo Soepono
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 13, No 2 (1998): April
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Location theory shows how firms at first choose their respective optimal location and finally decide to locate in the same area (with the lowest isodapane) so that it forms a city, which is something that has to happen when firms want to operate efficiently and profitably. Further, von Thunen's concentric zone model shows that the determinants of land rent (level of development) are the size of an urban area and accessibility to the urban area. The size of an urban area has a positive effect on the level of development, whereas the accessibility has negative effect on the level of development. The application of that model to the U.S. economy has supported the expectation that urban areas and accessibility influence the level of development. The results of applying the Thunen model to the Indonesian economy will indicate whether the number of-cities and the sizes of cities and the number and types of roads/highways in Indonesia are already optimal or not so that the national urban development strategy in Indonesia needs to be revised or not.
LOKASI SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA DI JEPANG Prasetyo Soepono
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 14, No 2 (1999): April
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

It is said that migration in any advanced counties like Japan has been insignificant since income levels in provinces of Japan has reached convergence. But Statistics Bureau of Japan published data on inter-province migration for 1990 and on the basis of tlisese data , it is found that migration in Japan was stili meaningful from which developing countries like Indonesia can learning something in distributing its re oun.e especially human resources. Three research qustions are raised: (I) which migration law prevailed in 1990? (2) since the 1990 migration data shows high in-migration and high out-migration, what factors affected in-migration in Japan in 1990? And (3) what factors affected out-migration? The first finding shows that like in any other advanced countries, high in-migration is highly correlated with out-migration, which means that the Lowry hypothesis has been accepted or the second law of migration prevailed in Japan. The second finding shows that income per capita, urbanization, density and temperature had positive and significant impact on in-migration in 1990. The third and last finding reveals that education had positive and significant impact on out-migration, whereas age had negative and significant influence on out-migration. Hie identification of the determinants of in-migration and those of out-migration and the accurate estimation of the in-migration model and of the out-migration model can he the useful basis for formulating regional development strategy like the one adopted by Japan (under the term "age of provinces") for any country
ANALISIS SHIFT-SHARE: PERKEMBANGAN DAN PENERAPAN Prasetyo Soepono
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 8, No 1 (1993): September
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Analisis Shift-Share sebagai salah satu metode analisis wilayah di samping teknik input-output, model linear programming, model ekonometri, mengalami beberapa modifikasi dalam upaya para pakar/pengguna untuk meningkatkan peranan teknik itu dalam membahas hubungan antarapertumbuhan wilayah dan struktur ekonomi wilayah dan dalam menanggapi kritik-kritik/keterbatasan-keterbatasannya. Meninjau kembali teknik S-S itu dan memahami modifikasi-modifikasinya dengan menggunakan data nyata, dapat meningkatkan apresiasi dan menyadari sumbangan analisis S-S dalam jajaran alat-alat analisis wilayah.