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The Effects of Rice Husk Particles Size as A Reinforcement Component on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance: From Literature Review on the Use of Agricultural Waste as A Reinforcement Material, Chemical Polymerization Reaction of Epoxy Resin, to Experiments Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto; Siti Nur Hofifah; Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang; Silmi Ridwan Putri; Bentang Arief Budiman; Farid Triawan; Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi
Automotive Experiences Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1287.118 KB) | DOI: 10.31603/ae.4815

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of rice husks’ particle size on resin-based brake pad performance (i.e. compressive strength, puncture strength, mass loss, wear rate, friction coefficient, and heat resistance). Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin and cycloaliphatic amine were mixed to form resin and used as the brake pad's base material. In the experiment, rice husk with a specific particle size (i.e., 250, 500, dan 1000 μm) was added to the resin. Rice husk has received considerable interest due to its lignin, cellulose, and silica content, making it suitable as friction material due to its ceramic-like behavior. The experimental results showed small rice husk particles improved compressive strength, puncture strength, and bulk density. This can be obtained from the analysis of the maximum compressive strength for brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 μm having values of 0.238; 0.173; and 0.144 MPa, respectively. In contrast, large particles formed coarse surfaces and pores, decreased mass loss rate, and improve friction properties (i.e. wear rate, friction coefficient). The friction coefficient values of brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 µm were, respectively, 0.2075; 0.2070; and 0.3379. Particle size affected interpacking, interfacial bonding, pores number and size, thermal softening, mechanical properties, and friction properties of the brake pad. Comparison between the prepared resin-based and commercial brake pad was also done, confirming the utilization of agro-waste as a potential alternative for friction material in the brake pad.
Economic Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticle (AuNP) Production Using Laser Ablation Synthesis Method Salma Rahmadianti; Kanthi Pawening Tyas; Permata Maratussolihah; Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang; Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Urecol Journal. Part D: Applied Sciences Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): August-Dec
Publisher : Konsorsium LPPM Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah (PTMA) Koordinator Wilayah Jawa Tengah - DIY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (436.003 KB) | DOI: 10.53017/ujas.108

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles are very useful in various fields such as photoacoustic imaging microscopy, biotechnology, optoelectronics, and biomedicine. So the production of gold nanoparticle synthesis needs to be developed to an industrial scale. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of the gold nanoparticle synthesis project using the laser ablation method on large-scale based on economic aspects. Several economic evaluation parameters are analyzed to inform the potential production of AuNP, such as GPM (Gross Profit Margin), BEP (Break-Even Point), CNPV (Cumulative Net Present Value), PBP (Payback Period), and PI (Profitability Index). The results showed that the production of AuNP nanoparticles was so prospective. Technical analysis to produce 100 g of AuNP nanoparticles per day shows the total cost incurred by the production process is 2,323,180 USD per year. PBP analysis show that investment will be profitable after more than 2.2 years. This project can compete with PBP capital market standards because of the short investment returns. To ensure the feasibility of a project, the project is estimated from ideal conditions to the worst case in production, including labor, sales, raw materials, utilities, and external conditions.
Economic Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticle (AuNP) Production Using Laser Ablation Synthesis Method Salma Rahmadianti; Kanthi Pawening Tyas; Permata Maratussolihah; Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang; Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Urecol Journal. Part D: Applied Sciences Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): August-Dec
Publisher : Konsorsium LPPM Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah (PTMA) Koordinator Wilayah Jawa Tengah - DIY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53017/ujas.108

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles are very useful in various fields such as photoacoustic imaging microscopy, biotechnology, optoelectronics, and biomedicine. So the production of gold nanoparticle synthesis needs to be developed to an industrial scale. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of the gold nanoparticle synthesis project using the laser ablation method on large-scale based on economic aspects. Several economic evaluation parameters are analyzed to inform the potential production of AuNP, such as GPM (Gross Profit Margin), BEP (Break-Even Point), CNPV (Cumulative Net Present Value), PBP (Payback Period), and PI (Profitability Index). The results showed that the production of AuNP nanoparticles was so prospective. Technical analysis to produce 100 g of AuNP nanoparticles per day shows the total cost incurred by the production process is 2,323,180 USD per year. PBP analysis show that investment will be profitable after more than 2.2 years. This project can compete with PBP capital market standards because of the short investment returns. To ensure the feasibility of a project, the project is estimated from ideal conditions to the worst case in production, including labor, sales, raw materials, utilities, and external conditions.