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All Journal Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Automotive Experiences
Juffrizal Karjanto
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Analysis of User’s Comfort on Automated Vehicle Riding Simulation using Subjective and Objective Measurements Muhammad Nur Aliff Mohd Norzam; Juffrizal Karjanto; Nidzamuddin Md. Yusof; Muhammad Zahir Hassan; Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli; Ahmad Azad Ab Rashid
Automotive Experiences Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.6913

Abstract

The naturalistic study investigated the potential influence of personal driving preferences (assertive and defensive driving style) on users; comfort when being driven in an automated vehicle with a defensive driving style. Adopted the Wizard of Oz design, the study involved three phases: pre-, during, and post-driven to measure their comfort, perceived safety, and likeness as well as motion sickness propensity through self-report questionnaire and heart rate variation. After answering a set of questionnaires, participants were exposed to simulated driving in an automated vehicle with a defensive driving style. A statistical analysis produced no statistically significant difference between assertive and defensive participants. This indicates an overall preference, perceived comfort without severe motion sickness propensity to the defensive driving style of the autonomous vehicle, regardless of participants’ personal driving styles.
Level of motion sickness based on heart rate variability when reading inside a fully automated vehicle Juffrizal Karjanto; Nidzamuddin Md Yusof; Jacque Terken; Frank Delbressine; Matthias Rauterberg
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.7083

Abstract

This study investigates the level of experienced motion sickness when performing reading while being driven in fully automated driving under three different conditions. One condition was without any intervention while the other two conditions were with the visual (VPIS) and haptic (HPIS) peripheral information system. Both systems provided the upcoming navigational information in the lateral direction three seconds before the turning/cornering was done. It was hypothesized that with the peripheral information systems, the experienced motion sickness would be reduced compared to the condition where a peripheral information system was not present. Eighteen participants with severe motion sickness susceptibility were carefully chosen to undergo the conditions using an instrumented vehicle with the Wizard-of-Oz approach. The participants were required to read from a tablet during the whole 15-minutes of automated driving. Results from the heart rate variability (beats per minute, root means square of successive differences, and high-frequency component) indicated no statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in motion sickness found with the presence of HPIS and VPIS when performing reading when being driven in automated mode. However, results from this study were mixed and inconclusive, but overall findings indicated mild motion sickness was found in both VPIS and HPIS conditions.
Effect of Road Darkness on Young Driver Behaviour when Approaching Parked or Slow-moving Vehicles in Malaysia Nidzamuddin Md Yusof; Juffrizal Karjanto; Muhammad Zahir Hassan; Syabillah Sulaiman; Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli; Ahmad Azad Ab Rashid; Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi; Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim
Automotive Experiences Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.8206

Abstract

Traffic accidents at night are higher than in other periods, especially on a dark road. This study explores the impact of the dark road on driver behaviours when approaching a parked or slowed-moving vehicle at the front. An experiment was conducted on a racing track at night, with and without road lighting. Different sizes of obstacles were used to represent other vehicles as a lorry, a car, and a motorcycle. The results show that the obstacles can be detected by drivers much earlier with the help of road lighting, and they tend to increase their speed, probably preparing to overtake the obstacles.
Non-Driving Related Activities Inside an Automated Vehicle Among Malaysia Passengers Mohammad Izhar Sulaiman; Nidzamuddin Md Yusof; Juffrizal Karjanto; Muhammad Zahir Hassan; Syabillah Sulaiman; Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi; Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim
Automotive Experiences Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.9152

Abstract

The advancement of automotive technology has led to the development of automated vehicles. The trend of passengers performing non-driving-related activities during travel was expected to continue in the future of automated vehicles. It is essential to discover the type of activities that the users prefer to improve the interior design of an automated vehicle. Past studies show that every country has different preferred non-driving related activities. The main objective of this study is to collect data on preferred non-driving related activities, specifically by Malaysians, using online questionnaires. 293 respondents answered the questionnaires in six (6) months. As a result, the top three (3) non-driving related activities in Malaysia are listening to music, calling or texting, and interacting with others. In addition, the most preferred seating position as a passenger, the most suitable travel duration to perform non-driving related activities uninterrupted, and the preferred seating configuration of the automated vehicle were also discovered. The outcome of this study will add knowledge for designing better future automated vehicles suitable for Malaysian users.
Modulating Factors in the Development of Motion Sickness in Transportation Vehicles: Malaysia Case Study Mohd Iyad Akmal Mohd Indra Sefee; Juffrizal Karjanto; Muhammad Zahir Hasan; Fauzi Ahmad; Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli; Syabillah Sulaiman; Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi; Matthias Rauterberg
Automotive Experiences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14475

Abstract

Motion sickness (MS) is a common issue for vehicle passengers, characterized by symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and discomfort due to sensory conflicts between the visual and vestibular systems. This study aims to identify and quantify the modulating factors contributing to MS in vehicles within the Malaysian context. A systematic questionnaire was conducted, incorporating subjective feedback from 634 participants. The results highlight key factors like seating position, visual activities, and environmental conditions that influence MS susceptibility showing the most prominent factors are from Visual Activity with a mean of 3.44 among the others contributing most susceptibility from the activities of Reading (83.2%) and Writing (79.2%). Older people and females seemed to report greater susceptibility to motion sickness. This vulnerability is shown to increase with age as those 45+ years and above show the highest susceptibility, reporting a 69% rate on curvy roads and 66% during reading, in contrast with those between 18-29 who report a 52% and 50% susceptibility rate. Females again reported consistently higher rates than males, with the difference being larger in situations involving rear-facing seating or tasks requiring significant visual focus, such as reading (female 63% vs. male 46%) and driving on curvy roads (female 68% vs. male 50%). These factors of rear-facing seating and tasks involving intense visual focus, like reading or watching videos, were the strongest modulators identified, with a strong aggravating influence on symptoms across all groups. The findings provide crucial baselines for engineering future vehicle layouts, optimizing cabin climate systems, and designing targeted mitigation systems required to support human comfort and accelerate Automated Vehicle (AV) adoption in developing transport infrastructures.
Co-Authors Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli Ahmad Azad Ab Rashid Ahmad Azad Ab Rashid Fauzi Ahmad Frank Delbressine Jacque Terken Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim Matthias Rauterberg Matthias Rauterberg Mohammad Izhar Sulaiman Mohd Iyad Akmal Mohd Indra Sefee Muhammad Nur Aliff Mohd Norzam Muhammad Zahir Hasan Muhammad Zahir Hassan Nidzamuddin Md Yusof Nidzamuddin Md. Yusof Syabillah Sulaiman Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi