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All Journal JURNAL AIR INDONESIA JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan

Sutopo Purwo Nugroho

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Author-ID : 333493

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Engineering Environmental Science

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ANALISIS HIDROGRAF SATUAN SINTETIK METODE SNYDER, CLARK DAN SCS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL HEC-1 DI DAS CILIWUNG HULU Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

Analisis hidrograf satuan sintetik berdasarkan metode Snyder, Clark, dan SCS pada suatu DAS dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan model HEC-1. Model HEC-1 merupakan paket model hidrologi yang cukup terkenal yang dapat digunakan untuk mensimulasi aliran permukaan sebagai respon hujan tunggal yang terjadi pada suatu DAS. Metode SCS mempunyai Qp, Tp dan tebal DRO yang lebih besar daripada pengamatan. Sedangkan metode Snyder dan Clark, nilai Qp lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Qp pengamatan, namun waktu puncaknya lebih besar.Synthetic unit hydrographs analysis of a watershed based on Snyder, Clark, and SCS methods can be done by utilizing HEC-1 model. The HEC-1 model is a package of hydrological model that has been adequate known to simulate runoff as a response of a rainfall event on a watershed. SCS method predicts Qp, Tp and DRO depth higher than the observations. Meanwhile, Snyder and Clark methods predict smaller Qp, but higher time of peak.

VALIDASI PREDIKSI RATA-RATA CURAH HUJAN HASIL REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL (Studi Kasus di Jawa Barat, Bulan Desember 1998) Kudsy, Mahally; Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

Validasi Model Spektral Regional dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil prakiraandengan data aktual. Model dijalankan untuk membuat simulasi curah hujan untuk periode dari 9 sampai 15 Desember 1998. Data curah hujan diperoleh dari 55 lokasi penakar hujan yang tersebar di daerah Jawa Barat. Nilai curah hujan menurut model di lokasi penakar hujan diperoleh dari interpolasi isohyet yang menggambarkan curah hujan menurut luaran model. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai curah hujan lokai tidak dapat diprediksi dengan mudah dengan menggunakan RSM. Curah hujan rata-rata wilayah berdasarkan luaran RSM mempunyai penyimpangan â2 sampai 150% terhadap nilai pengamatan. Dari studi ini ditemukan bahwa ketelitian prakiraan semakin baik bila waktu prakiraan lebih panjang. Prakiraan yang terbaik diperoleh bila waktu prakiraan adalah 7 hari ke depan dengan penyimpangan â2.1%Validation of Regional Spectral Model was carried out by comparing the results of rainfall prediction with actual data. The model was run to simulate rainfall for one week period of December 9 to 15, 1998. The rainfall data from the sama period was obtained from 55 raingauge stations in West Jawa. The predicted values of preciptation in the gauge location obtained by interpolation from isohyet were then compared to the actual values. This study showed that local precipitation can not be predicted easily using RSM. The predicted values of the average local precipitation deviated from the Ukurerved value by about -2 to 150%. It is found that the accuracy of the prediction is better for longer prediction time. The best prediction was obtained for 7 day-lead with deviation of -2.1% from the observed value.

EVALUASI PENINGKATAN HASIL CURAH HUJAN DAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR AKIBAT KEGIATAN MODIFIKASI CUACA DI DAS CITARUM Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo; Tikno, Sunu
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 3, No 1 (2002): June 2002
Publisher : BPPT

Defisitnya air di ketiga waduk di DAS Citarum menyebabkan teknologi modifikasi cuacasegera diterapkan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan air. Penerapan teknologi modifikasicuaca telah menyebabkan meningkatnya curah hujan dan aliran di DAS Citarum. Hasil yang dicapai selama kegiatan adalah rata-rata aliran Sungai Citarum sebesar 326,81 m/detik dan volume air yang tertampung di ketiga waduk sebesar 559,06 juta m3. Adanya tambahan air tersebut maka untuk kebutuhan air pada musim tanam gadu 2001 di daerah irigasi Jatiluhur cukup tersedia, bahkan masih terdapat cadangan air sebesar 1.440,26 juta m3. Namun demikian jika dibandingkan dengan pola rencana untuk kebutuhan air musim tanam rendeng 2001/2002 dan musim tanam gadu 2002 masih terdapat kekurangan air sebesar 152,7 juta m3.Weather modification technology was applied in Citarum for fullfil water in Citarum cascade dam (Saguling, Cirata dan Juanda) due to decreasing water storage. Weather modification technology has been increase the rainfall and inflow of Citarum Watershed. The average inflow of Citarum River was 326,81 m3/sec and nett volume storage in the dams were 559,06 million m3 . Increassing water can be used to irrigation water supply in Pantura agriculture area during dry seasson. However, water irrigation requirement in wet and dry seasson 2001/2002 stil deficit 152.7 million m3.

PREDIKSI KEKERINGAN PENGARUH EL NINO TAHUN 2001-2002 DAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA UNTUK MENGANTISIPASINYA Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

El Nino diperkirakan akan terjadi kembali pada akhir tahun 2001 hingga 2002. Akibatnya beberapa wilayah Indonesia akan mengalami kekeringan sehingga kondisi air semakin berkurang ketersediaannya. Adanya kekeringan dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi pertanian, kebakaran hutan, krisis air, dan penurunan pendapatan petani di beberapa wilayah serta timbulnya masalah-masalah sosial dan ekonomi di masyarakat. Untuk mengatasi kekeringan dan menambah ketersediaan air, maka dapat diterapkan teknologi hujan buatan. Teknologi hujan buatan dapat meningkatkan curah hujan dan debit aliran sehingga cadangan air bertambah.El Nino is predicted to return at the end of 2001 or later. As a consequence some areas in Indonesia might experience drought that will jeopardize the water availability. This drought could cause declining agriculture production, forest fire, water crisis, and other economic social costs. Rain enhancement technology can be applied to overcome this water storage. The rain enhancement technology could enhance rainfall and increaserunoff, therefore, water availability will increase.

MINIMALISASI KONSENTRASI PENYEBARAN ASAP AKIBAT KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DENGAN METODE MODIFIKASI CUACA Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 1, No 1 (2000): June 2000
Publisher : BPPT

Forest and land fire that happen at the long time in 1997 have caused smog disaster in huge area. High concentration of smog caused low visibility and influence of the people activity. One of technology alternative has been applied was weather modification to overcome that disaster. Weather modification activity has been conducted in order to rain making and wash out process with according weather condition on that time. The material has been used CaO, Ca(OH)2, NaCl, and CaCl2 were dispersed by the aircraft. The whole result of the weather modification indicated by increased of visibility on the surface. Those increase caused by the pressure of area that has been seeding become low. Nevertheless, existence very high concentration of smog and distribution in huge area has caused the different not significant.Kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi selama tahun 1997 telah menyebabkan terjadinya bencana asap yang tersebar secara luas. Adanya konsentrasi asap yang demikian pekat dan luas telah menyebabkan jarak pandang menjadi sangat pendek sehingga mengganggu aktivitas penduduk. Untuk itulah maka diterapkan teknologi modifikasi cuaca sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi bencana tersebut. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan menerapkan teknologi hujan buatan dan proses pembersihan asap secara simultan dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi cuaca yang saat itu terjadi. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah CaO, Ca(OH)2, NaCl, dan CaCl2 yang ditaburkan dari pesawat terbang pada lapisan asap. Hasil kegiatan modifikasi secara keseluruhan menunjukkan adanya perubahan jarak pandang di permukaan. Kenaikan ini sebagai akibat terjadinya tekanan udara lokal pada daerah yang ditaburi bahan. Namun adanya akumulasi asap yang pekat dan tersebar luas menyebabkan massa asap kembali mengisi ruang tersebut sehingga kenaikan jarak pandang yang terjadi tidak berubah secara ekstrim.

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CURAH HUJAN DI DAS CITARUM - JAWA BARAT 12 MARET S.D. 10 APRIL 2001 Karmini, Mimin; Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo; Tikno, Sunu; Nuryanto, Satyo; Sitorus, Baginda Patar; Bahri, Samsul; Widodo, Florentinus Heru; Arifian, Jon; Kudsy, Mahally; Goenawan, R Djoko; Yahya, Rino Bahtiar; Renggono, Findy
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

Teknologi modifikasi cuaca sudah sering diaplikasikan di Indonesia terutama untukmeningkatkan jumlah curah hujan. Teknologi modifikasi cuaca diterapkan bila terjadiindikasi penurunan jumlah curah hujan dan kemungkinan akan munculnya fenomena ElNiÃ±o sebagai tindakan preventif. Aplikasi teknologi modifikasi cuaca yang dilaksanakan diDAS Citarum, Jawa Barat mulai tanggal 12 Maret s.d. 10 April 2001 adalah berdasarkan kenyataan bahwa inflow DAS Citarum menurun dengan drastis pada bulan Desember 2000 dan sebagai tindakan preventif akan munculnya fenomena El NiÃ±o pada akhir tahun 2001 atau 2002. Pada awal tahun 2001, tiga kaskade waduk di DAS Citarum mengalami defisit cadangan air sebanyak 486,36 juta m . Waduk Ir. Juanda yang merupakan waduk multi fungsi harus menyediakan pasokan air untuk: irigasi teknis pada lahan sawah seluas 296.000 ha (2 kali tanam), yang memberikan kontribusi sebesar Â± 40 % ke Jabar atau setara dengan Â± 10 % Nasional; air baku permukiman dan industri; serta penyediaan tenaga listrik (Â± 4,5 milyar kWh). Data akhir setelah dilaksanakan penerapan teknologi modifikasi cuaca dengan menggunakan konsep sistim dan lingkungan adalah nilai rata-rata aliran total Citarum sebesar 326,81 m /det dan volume total aliran Citarum sejak mulai kegiatan hingga tanggal 10 April 2001 adalah sebesar 847,1 juta m3.Weather modification technology has been applied in Indonesia especially to enhancerainfall. Weather modification technology has been employed whenever there has beenan indication of rainfall shortage and the possibility of El NiÃ±o occurrence asprecautionary action. Weather modification technology that was applied in Citarumcatchment area â West Java on 12 March â 10 April 2001 was based on the fact thatCitarum inflow decreased drastically in December 2000 and also as a preventiveendeavor to the possibility of warm episode in 2001/2002. In the early of 2001, threecascade dams had water storage deficit as much as 486.36 million m3. Ir. Juanda dam,which has multi purposes, has to supply water for: technical irrigation for 296,000 ha ofrice field (2 planting seasons) that contributes Â± 40 % to West Java or about Â± 10 % ofnational production; fresh water for community and industry; as well as electricity of about 4.5 billion kWh. After the application of weather modification technology by employing system and environment concept, it was recorded that the average inflow of Citarum catchment area was 326.81 m /sec and total volume during the activity was 847.1million m3.

EVALUASI DAN ANALISIS CURAH HUJAN SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENYEBAB BENCANA BANJIR JAKARTA Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 3, No 2 (2002): December 2002
Publisher : BPPT

Banjir yang terjadi di Jakarta dan daerah sekitarnya pada tanggal 27 Januari hingga 1Februari 2002 disebabkan oleh besarnya curah hujan dan pengaruh dari sungai yangterdapat di daerah aliran sungai di dalamnya. Curah hujan yang terjadi sejak tanggal26 Januari hingga 1 Februari 2002 menyebabkan meluapnya sungai dan salurandrainase. Banjir yang terjadi menyebar hingga menggenangi beberapa dae rah diJakarta. Tinggi genangan mencapai 5 meter. Banjir tersebut menggenangi 42kecamatan di Jakarta dengan 168 kelurahan (63,4%) dari seluruh kelurahan yangada di Jakarta. Luas genangan mencapai 16.041 hektar atau 24,25% dari luas DKIJakarta. Curah hujan yang tertinggi yang menyebabkan banjir tersebut tercatat diBekasi sebesar 250 mm/hari yang merupakan curah hujan harian maksimum denganperiode ulang 150 tahun.The flood that occurred in the city of Jakarta area on 27 January until 1 Febru ary 2002was due to the torrential rainfall in the city and also in the catchment area of riversthat flow through Jakarta. The rain which started on 26 January until 1 February 2002caused overflow in the rivers and canals. Inundation in some areas and continued tospread throughout the city of Jakarta. The inundation depth was until 5 meters. 42districts on Jakarta within 168 sub districs (63,4%) from the all subdistrics in Jakarta.The inundation area has reached about 16.041 hectare or 24,25% from the total areaDKI Jakarta. The recorded daily rainfall depth at the Bekasi station was 250 mmwhich is almost the daily rainfall depth for 150-year return period as daily rainfall.

PERUBAHAN WATAK HIDROLOGI SUNGAI-SUNGAI BAGIAN HULU DI JAWA Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

The hydrological character of the rivers in Java has changed. The trend flow of upstream rivers in Java declined. Significance level of the trend decline in the upstream was large enough. This indicates that the basic flow (base flow) from these rivers has been reduced. The cause of the trend decline in river flow is strongly influenced by a combination of the effects of global climate change and the influence of anthropogenic. The influence of climate change is marked by decreasing annual rainfall. While anthropogenic influences include changes in land use, reduced water catchment area, increasing population pressures and settlements. To identify which factors are most influential between the two factors are very difficult to do because of limited data on land use change.Ã‚Â Keywords: discharge, trend, climate change, landuse, anthropogenic

EVALUASI KESEIMBANGAN AIR DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Water supply for the domestics use of Central Java Province has been experiencing problems and challenging. With population of 35 million or 16% of Indonesia, it place the province as the third in national population. It have consequently, water need in the province is as such for use of domestics, irrigation/agriculture, industry, etc. Several counties within the province has experiencing water shortage. Particularly during dry season, defisits is inclining that results water use conflicts. Furthermore, conflicts occur not only in counties with water shortage but also in county with sufficient water supply. Conflict is generally triggered by weak management and allocation. This is a result of unlimited territorial sovereighnity of water resources and uncertainty of water rights. Unlimited territorial sovereighnity of water resource contain exclusive right to utilize tap water within the territorial right, in way that the territory hold the sole right to exploit the resource without compensation to neighbouring territory. Hence, water balance should be investigated better and comprehensively.Ã‚Â Kata kunci: keseimbangan air, konflik, sumber daya air, Jawa Tengah.

ANALISIS CURAH HUJAN PENYEBAB BANJIR BESAR DI JAKARTA PADA AWAL FEBRUARI 2007 Nugroho, Sutopo Purwo
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Flood that has occured in Jakarta in 27 January - 2 February 2002 was a result of heavy rain and impact of over discharge streams within its catchment area. Furthermore, occurence of low air pressure around northern Australia and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) around Java Sea up to Banda Sea, has driven moists in the Asia into the area. Precipitation resulting flood is a return period about 1 to 1000. In Ciliwung watershed, mean rainfall of 142,5 mm/day and return period of about 100 years. This was bigger than mean rainfall during the period of 29 January 2002 about 110 mm/day that return period 200 years.Ã‚Â Katakunci : hujan, banjir, periode ulang.

Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Baginda Patar Sitorus Baginda Patar Sitorus, Baginda Patar Findy Renggono Findy Renggono, Findy Florentinus Heru Widodo Florentinus Heru Widodo, Florentinus Heru Jon Arifian Jon Arifian, Jon Mahally Kudsy Mahally Kudsy, Mahally Mimin Karmini R Djoko Goenawan R Djoko Goenawan, R Djoko Rino Bahtiar Yahya Rino Bahtiar Yahya, Rino Bahtiar Samsul Bahri Satyo Nuryanto Satyo Nuryanto, Satyo Sunu Tikno Sunu Tikno, Sunu Veithzal Rivai Zainal

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