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All Journal IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: e-Saintika Lumbung Inovasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Empiricism Journal ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education (AJSEE) International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology
Muhammad Roil Bilad
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics Social Sciences Other

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The role of prompt engineering in enhancing LLMs: a systematic review of applications and ethical implications Izzul Fatawi; Muhammad Roil Bilad; Muhammad Asy'ari
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i2.pp1071-1086

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating exceptional proficiency in tasks such as text generation, translation, and summarization. However, LLMs are prone to generating biased, inaccurate, or contextually irrelevant outputs, posing significant risks in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, legal reasoning, and engineering. This paper systematically investigates the role of prompt engineering as a solution to these challenges. By strategically designing inputs, prompt engineering enhances LLM performance, yielding more accurate, contextually relevant, and ethically aligned outputs. Advanced techniques, including chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and retrieval augmented generation (RAG), are examined for their ability to improve reasoning capabilities, reduce errors, and mitigate bias. CoT prompting facilitates structured, stepwise reasoning, while RAG incorporates real-time data, ensuring output accuracy in rapidly evolving fields. In addition, we present a novel comparative perspective on these techniques, highlighting their distinct strengths and limitations across specialized applications such as healthcare diagnostics and scientific data extraction. The findings demonstrate that sophisticated prompt engineering significantly elevates the reliability and precision of LLM outputs, while addressing critical ethical concerns such as data privacy, bias, and hallucination. These insights underscore the necessity of advanced prompt design in optimizing LLMs for high-impact applications, ensuring both performance and ethical integrity.
How to Integrate Nanotechnology into Chemical Engineering Education: A Bibliometric and Technological Review of Curriculum Standards, Research Trends, Pedagogical Challenges, and Future Prospects Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto; Teguh Kurniawan; Muhammad Roil Bilad; Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi; Obie Farobie; Belkheir Hammouti
ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology Vol 5, No 2 (2026): AJERT: VOLUME 5, ISSUE 2, September 2026
Publisher : Bumi Publikasi Nusantara

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Abstract

This study examines the integration of nanotechnology into chemical engineering education and its implications for future curriculum development. A bibliometric and technological review was conducted using publications from major scientific databases, with standardized datasets and mapped collaboration and keyword networks to identify pedagogical and curricular trends. The findings indicate a steady growth of interdisciplinary research linking nanoscale concepts with process engineering, accompanied by increasing adoption of virtual laboratories, computer simulations, and intelligent tutoring systems. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including uneven faculty preparedness, limited access to advanced instrumentation, and the lack of unified competency frameworks across institutions. These constraints are largely driven by macro-centric teaching traditions, resource limitations, and inconsistent curriculum standards. To address these gaps, the study proposes targeted updates to core and elective courses that emphasize nano-centric content, sustainability, and digital pedagogy. Overall, the paper presents a practical framework aligned with Safe-by-Design principles and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Co-Authors Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi Anisa Syafitri Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto Aulia Rahma Awali S. K. Harivram Belkheir Hammouti Dewi Yuliatina Dhimas Satria Elza Varih Azizah Erdina L. A. Rampun Hairus Abdullah Hendrawani Hendrawani Izzul Fatawi Jose H. Santos Juniafit Bima Saputra Kaspul Anwar Lee Hoon Lim M. Mahmud M. Muhali Mohd H. D. Othman Muhammad Asy'ari Muhammad S. Abu Bakar Muthia Elma Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin Noorfidza Yub Harun Norazanita Shamsuddin Nur Azizah Nursyahirah Abdul Rahim Nurul Huda Obie Farobie Riani Ayu Lestari Rosmaya Dewi Shafiq Mohd Hizam Siti Asmiati Susruhiyatun Hayati Tedi Kurniawan Teguh Kurniawan Yusran Khery