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All Journal Research Report - Social Science Jurnal Ilmiah HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Andalas Journal of International Studies Sentris Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara Media Riset Bisnis & Manajemen
Aknolt Kristian Pakpahan
Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung
Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DAN KEMAUAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA Pakpahan, Aknolt Kristian; Triwibowo, Albert; Astari Magetsari, Raden Roro Mirna
Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara
Publisher : Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (457.338 KB) | DOI: 10.33172/jpbh.v3i1.375

Abstract

The problem of corruption is strongly rooted in Indonesia and became a problematic issue for Indonesia. Corruption that is also done by law enforcement officers is believed to have undermined the authority of the government not only in domestic but also in international scale. Systemic impact of corruption touches not only the economy sector as a strong pillar of the country's development but also touches the human spirit as part of the national development process. To overcome the problem of corruption, there must be a strong political will from the government that can be implemented in government policy such as promoting exemplary conduct and modest lifestyle, signing the integrity pact, creating an effective punishment, promoting a clear division and synergy among government agencies, establishing the one roof administration in the long run, and introducing an anti-corruption education early on. Keywords: corruption, problems of fighting corruption, and political will.
COVID-19 dan Implikasi Bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Aknolt Kristian Pakpahan
Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 2020: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional: Edisi Khusus
Publisher : Parahyangan Center for International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (141.475 KB) | DOI: 10.26593/jihi.v0i0.3870.59-64

Abstract

Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan implikasi ekonomi, sosial, dan politik tidak saja negara-negara besar akan tetapi hamper seluruh negara di dunia. Rasanya tidak ada satu negarapun yang tidak terdampak pandemic COVID-19 saat ini. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang terdampak terutama pada sisi ekonomi. Indonesia yang didominasi oleh Usaha Mikro, kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) perlu memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap sektor ini karena kontribusi UMKM terhadap pereknomian nasional yang cukup besar. Tulisan pendek ini mencoba untuk menganalisa dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap eksistensi UMKM di Indonesia dan bagaimana solusi darurat dalam membantu UMKM bertahan dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19.
PENYERAPAN PUBLIK TERHADAP PESAN-PESAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI POLITIK PARA KANDIDAT PRESIDEN & WAKIL PRESIDEN PADA PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN 2009 STUDI KASUS KOTA JAKARTA PUSAT DAN KABUPATEN GARUT Aknolt Kristian Pakpahan; Arie I. Chandra
Research Report - Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 (2009)
Publisher : Research Report - Humanities and Social Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Perubahan pada politik Indonesia telah memberi jalan pada kebebasan pers dan media yang kini mengambil peran yang cukup besar dalam pemberian dampak pada persepsi publik. Media - yang kini menjadi alat komunikasi antar pemerintah dan masyarakat - merupakan sarana yang penting dalam ajang pemilihan umum (Pemilu) 2009. Di tahun 2009, masyarakat Indonesia diberi pilihan tiga kandidat presiden dan wakil presiden untuk periode 2009 – 2014 yaitu: Megawati Soekarnoputri – Prabowo, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) – Boediono, dan Jusuf Kalla – Wiranto. Ketiga kandidat tersebut memiliki visi dan misi yang berbeda untuk ditawarkan kepada masyarakat Indonesia untuk kepemimpinan 2009-2014.Untuk mengetahui kuatnya peran media dalam mempengaruhi pilihan rakyat pada Pemilu 2009 maka peneliti menggunakan data gathering berupa survei dan interview. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei – Agustus 2009 di Kotamadya Jakarta Pusat dan Kabupaten Garut dengan mengambil sampel 400 responden. Terdapat sekurangnya 13 pertanyaan (ditambah dengan 14 pertanyaan terperinci) untuk menggali bagaimana hubungan antara media dengan pilihan kandidat presiden dan wakil presiden. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa peran media sedikit banyak membantu penyebaran visi dan misi masing-masing kandidat. Sarana media tidak memberikan banyak bantuan (keuntungan) bagi para kandidat dikarenakan sudah terkotak-kotaknya para reswponden yang disurvei. Sebagian besar responden yang di survei, baik di wilayah Kotamadya Jakarta Pusat dan Kabupaten Garut, merupakan pendukung dari kandidat SBY dan Boediono. Sehingga hasil penelitian menunjukkan apapun sarana media yang digunakan, terlihat persentase terbesar ada di kandidat SBY – Boediono. Hasil penelitian ini juga bisa dikatakan selaras dengan kenyataan di lapangan, dimana pasangan SBY – Boediono menjadi pemenang pada Pemilu Pilpres 2009.
Diaspora Indonesia dan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah di Indonesia Aknolt Kristian Pakpahan; Gracelia Yoshanty
Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Vol. 18 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Parahyangan Center for International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/jihi.v18i2.5017.111-132

Abstract

The world is facing the biggest health crisis in the 21st century which is the COVID-19 pandemic. International trade activities are disrupted due to the total lockdown to stop the spread of this pandemic outbreak. International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and OECD showed the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic when economic growth will be decreased -4,9% to -6%. This also has an impact on the Indonesian economic sector which is dominated by the presence of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), namely the decline in export performance in line with the contraction of economic growth and purchasing power in various countries. Indonesia needs help not only from inside the country and from international cooperation with other countries, but the involvement of the entire community wherever they are is needed to jointly resolve this pandemic. Indonesian diaspora community that is scattered in various parts of the world can be one of the solutions. This research focuses on how does the Indonesian diaspora community that scattered across the United States and Germany help Indonesia’s MSMEs by taking advantage of foreign markets. Through collaboration between representatives of the Government of Indonesia offices in the United States and Germany with Indonesian diaspora groups, various assistances were found such as informing Indonesia's potential MSME products, bridging meetings with business actors abroad, and conducting promotional activities to increase the export potential of Indonesian MSME products.
Persepsi Ancaman dan Respons Amerika Serikat di Arktik terhadap Polar Silk Road Duarsa, Made Usha M. G.; Setyono, Kezia Regina; Vidyarini, Rahel; Pakpahan, Aknolt Kristian
Jurnal Sentris Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Sentris
Publisher : Kelompok Studi Mahasiswa Pengkaji Masalah Internasional Unpar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/sentris.v5i2.8504.154-170

Abstract

Tiongkok membentuk kebijakan Polar Silk Road (PSR) di tahun 2018. PSR dimaksudkan untuk mendorong pembangunan ekonomi positif antara Tiongkok dan negara-negara kawasan Arktik. Meskipun begitu, eksistensi PSR tetap dipandang sebagai ancaman untuk Amerika Serikat (AS) karena Tiongkok juga memiliki hubungan kooperatif dengan Rusia di kawasan Arktik. Keadaan tersebut mengakibatkan AS menghadapi dua ancaman: (1) persaingan ekonomi AS-Tiongkok; dan (2) kerja sama militer Tiongkok-Rusia. Dengan demikian, artikel ilmiah ini berupaya untuk menganalisis secara mendalam terkait persepsi ancaman AS atas eksistensi PSR, bagaimana ancaman tersebut mendorong respons dan tindakan AS di Arktik, beserta implikasinya terhadap stabilitas kawasan. Penggunaan kerangka teori power transition dipilih untuk menjelaskan respons AS terhadap PSR melalui tiga indikator: (1) ancaman dan dilema keamanan; (2) perimbangan kekuatan; serta (3) perdamaian dan perang. Power transition menjelaskan terkait eksistensi ancaman yang mendorong AS untuk melakukan perimbangan kekuatan melalui respons-responsnya seperti memberikan donor ekonomi dan penguatan aliansi di kawasan. Teori ini juga menekankan pentingnya tingkat perimbangan kekuatan yang diberikan AS, karena bentuk perimbangan dalam tingkat ekstrem akan menyebabkan eskalasi militer dan instabilitas kawasan. Maka dari itu, berdasarkan teori power transition, langkah paling strategis yang dapat diimplementasikan AS adalah dengan melakukan perimbangan kekuatan dalam tingkat rendah sehingga stabilitas Arktik tetap terjaga.   Kata kunci: Polar Silk Road, Arktik, Rivalitas AS-Tiongkok-Rusia, Transisi Kekuatan   China established the Polar Silk Road (PSR) policy in 2018. The PSR aims to build positive economic developments between China and the Arctic states. Nonetheless, China’s involvement in the PSR is still perceived as a strategic threat by the United States (the U.S.), due to China’s cooperative relationship with Russia in the Arctic. This leaves the U.S. facing two threats: (1) US-China economic competition; (2) China-Russia military cooperation. Consequently, this article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the U.S. threat perceptions regarding China’s PSR, how these threats drive the U.S. responses and actions in the Arctic, along with the implications for regional stability. Power transition theory is used to explain the U.S. response to the PSR through three indicators: (1) threats and security dilemma; (2) balance of power; and (3) peace and war. Power transition explains the existence of threats that drive the U.S. to pursue a balance of power through its responses, such as providing economic aid and strengthening alliances in the region. This theory also emphasizes the importance of the U.S. maintaining a balanced power level, as an extreme form of balance may result in military escalation and regional instability. Therefore, according to power transition theory, the most strategic measure that the U.S. can implement is to maintain a low level of balance of power in order to ensure Arctic stability. Keywords: Polar Silk Road, Arctic, The US-China-Russia Rivalry, Power Transition
KEMASAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI BANDUNG SERTA TANTANGAN PENYELAMATAN LINGKUNGAN Wijayakusuma, Ita Hanami; Apresian, Stanislaus Risadi; Pakpahan, Aknolt Kristian
Media Riset Bisnis & Manajemen Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/v25i1.23491

Abstract

This research aims to review the reasons why micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Bandung use non-environmentally friendly packaging using a qualitative research method with a multiple case study design by looking at the sustainability practices of six MSMEs located in Bandung, namely Oei Baked, Kojju Cake, Fiorina Wear, Socks Em All, Gurumikoe, and The Journails. The main focus of the study is the implementation of a green economy which is a challenge for MSMEs in Bandung related to the use of packaging. Data were collected through asynchronous interviews covering questions such as packaging use, advantages and disadvantages of the packaging used, and future commitments regarding environmentally friendly packaging. The results show that the majority of MSMEs still face challenges in implementing green economy practices related to environmentally friendly packaging. MSMEs in Bandung have made a future commitment to using environmentally friendly packaging. The study provides recommendations for environmentally friendly packaging and socialization from the Bandung City government so that all MSMEs can implement a green economy
The Political Economy of Economic Cooperation: The Case of Indonesia in Finding New Non-Traditional Markets Pakpahan, Aknolt Kristian
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 12, No 2 (2023): Published in November 2023
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.12.2.151-162.2023

Abstract

Indonesia strives to achieve its goals of becoming a developed country by 2045 as stated in the Indonesia’s Dream 2015-2085, the most influential country in the Asia Pacific region, and to become a barometer of world economic growth. One of the strategies implemented by the Indonesian government to achieve those dreams is to open new economic cooperation in new non-traditional markets or countries that were not previously Indonesia's main trading partners. This research uses a national interest approach through descriptive research and a qualitative approach with data sources of literature studies from books, journals, and research reports that support the search for the analysis result. This study explains how the opening of new cooperation is carried out to achieve Indonesia's national interests, both economic interests to become a developed country by 2045 and political interests to affirm Indonesia's position within the framework of South-South cooperation. This research found that opening new economic cooperation can help Indonesia achieve its goal of becoming a developed country by 2045 and position Indonesia's political position as an important actor in promoting South-South cooperation.
Persepsi Ancaman dan Respons Amerika Serikat di Arktik terhadap Polar Silk Road Duarsa, Made Usha M. G.; Setyono, Kezia Regina; Vidyarini, Rahel; Pakpahan, Aknolt Kristian
Jurnal Sentris Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Sentris
Publisher : Kelompok Studi Mahasiswa Pengkaji Masalah Internasional Unpar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/sentris.v5i2.8504.154-170

Abstract

Tiongkok membentuk kebijakan Polar Silk Road (PSR) di tahun 2018. PSR dimaksudkan untuk mendorong pembangunan ekonomi positif antara Tiongkok dan negara-negara kawasan Arktik. Meskipun begitu, eksistensi PSR tetap dipandang sebagai ancaman untuk Amerika Serikat (AS) karena Tiongkok juga memiliki hubungan kooperatif dengan Rusia di kawasan Arktik. Keadaan tersebut mengakibatkan AS menghadapi dua ancaman: (1) persaingan ekonomi AS-Tiongkok; dan (2) kerja sama militer Tiongkok-Rusia. Dengan demikian, artikel ilmiah ini berupaya untuk menganalisis secara mendalam terkait persepsi ancaman AS atas eksistensi PSR, bagaimana ancaman tersebut mendorong respons dan tindakan AS di Arktik, beserta implikasinya terhadap stabilitas kawasan. Penggunaan kerangka teori power transition dipilih untuk menjelaskan respons AS terhadap PSR melalui tiga indikator: (1) ancaman dan dilema keamanan; (2) perimbangan kekuatan; serta (3) perdamaian dan perang. Power transition menjelaskan terkait eksistensi ancaman yang mendorong AS untuk melakukan perimbangan kekuatan melalui respons-responsnya seperti memberikan donor ekonomi dan penguatan aliansi di kawasan. Teori ini juga menekankan pentingnya tingkat perimbangan kekuatan yang diberikan AS, karena bentuk perimbangan dalam tingkat ekstrem akan menyebabkan eskalasi militer dan instabilitas kawasan. Maka dari itu, berdasarkan teori power transition, langkah paling strategis yang dapat diimplementasikan AS adalah dengan melakukan perimbangan kekuatan dalam tingkat rendah sehingga stabilitas Arktik tetap terjaga.   Kata kunci: Polar Silk Road, Arktik, Rivalitas AS-Tiongkok-Rusia, Transisi Kekuatan   China established the Polar Silk Road (PSR) policy in 2018. The PSR aims to build positive economic developments between China and the Arctic states. Nonetheless, China’s involvement in the PSR is still perceived as a strategic threat by the United States (the U.S.), due to China’s cooperative relationship with Russia in the Arctic. This leaves the U.S. facing two threats: (1) US-China economic competition; (2) China-Russia military cooperation. Consequently, this article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the U.S. threat perceptions regarding China’s PSR, how these threats drive the U.S. responses and actions in the Arctic, along with the implications for regional stability. Power transition theory is used to explain the U.S. response to the PSR through three indicators: (1) threats and security dilemma; (2) balance of power; and (3) peace and war. Power transition explains the existence of threats that drive the U.S. to pursue a balance of power through its responses, such as providing economic aid and strengthening alliances in the region. This theory also emphasizes the importance of the U.S. maintaining a balanced power level, as an extreme form of balance may result in military escalation and regional instability. Therefore, according to power transition theory, the most strategic measure that the U.S. can implement is to maintain a low level of balance of power in order to ensure Arctic stability. Keywords: Polar Silk Road, Arctic, The US-China-Russia Rivalry, Power Transition
Co-Authors Albert Triwibowo Arie I. Chandra Astari Magetsari, Raden Roro Mirna Duarsa, Made Usha M. G. Gracelia Yoshanty Setyono, Kezia Regina Stanislaus Risadi Apresian Vidyarini, Rahel Wijayakusuma, Ita Hanami