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All Journal Hasanuddin Law Review Jurnal Ius Constituendum NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam Jurnal Justitia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora Banua Law Review Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam Sultan Jurisprudence : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum West Science Law and Human Rights JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah INJURLENS
Mispansyah Mispansyah
Criminal Law, Faculty Of Law, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Reconstructing the Ultimum Remedium Principle in Environmental Criminal Law: Toward a Primum Remedium Approach Based on Ecological Justice Ahmad Mubarak; Ifrani Ifrani; Rahmida Erliyani; Mispansyah Mispansyah
Sultan Jurisprudence: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Vol 6, No 1 (2026): IN PRESS
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51825/sjp.v6i1.39758

Abstract

The accelerating environmental crisis has exposed the limitations of an anthropocentric legal paradigm that continues to subordinate ecological sustainability to economic development. Within this context, the continued reliance on the ultimum remedium principle in environmental criminal law has become increasingly contested, as treating criminal sanctions as a measure of last resort often weakens deterrence and delays effective responses to serious environmental harm. Despite growing concern over environmental law enforcement, limited attention has been given to the conceptual incompatibility between the ultimum remedium doctrine and the distinctive characteristics of environmental offences. This study critically examines that incompatibility and develops a reconstruction model based on primum remedium and ecological justice. Employing normative legal research through statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes legislation, legal doctrine, and theories of criminal law policy, legal systems, and law as a tool of social engineering. The findings demonstrate that ultimum remedium is ill-suited to environmental crimes that are collective, cumulative, and frequently irreversible, while Indonesia's reliance on administrative enforcement diminishes the preventive function of criminal law. This study contributes to environmental criminal law scholarship by proposing an ecological justice framework that repositions criminal law as the primary response to serious environmental offences while preserving proportionality and legal certainty.
Co-Authors Ahmad Mubarak Ahmad Syaufi Endang Mastuti Helmi Helmi Helmi Helmi I Wayan Sutije Ifrani, Ifrani Kity Tokan Kity Tokan Kity Muhammad Erham Amin Muhammad Erham Amin MUHAMMAD HASANUDDIN Nurunnisa Nurunnisa Purnama Kurniawan* Rahmida Erliyani Tiya Erniyati