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GENESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PEAT AT TOBA HIGHLAND AREA OF NORTH SUMATRA Prasetyo, Bambang Hendro; Suharta, Nata
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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In Indonesia, peat soil in the highland area is only found in the plateau of Toba Highland, North Sumatra, and its morphologi-cal, physical, and chemical properties have been studied. Four profiles of peat soil were made in the field and eighteen samples were taken and analyzed in laboratory. Most of the properties of highland peat were similar with lowland peat. The differences were in their Al saturation, P retention, and andic soil properties. High Al saturation was resulted from weathering of primary minerals under the acid condition. Andic soil properties were caused by amorphous materials resulted from weathering of volcanic materials in the peat, and P retention was related with the presence of amorphous materials. Phosphate retention of the highland peat was classified high (>60%) and positively correlated with amorphous materials. The presence of amor-phous materials was confirmed by ammonium oxalate extract-able Alo+Â½Feo. The presence of andic soil properties in the highland peat created problem in their classification. To provide a place for andic soil properties that influence the P retention in the highland peat soil, the soil classification of peat soil should be modified by adding andic modifier at subgroup level.

The Characteristics of Rice Soils Derived from Alluvial Deposite and their Management PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO; SETYORINI, DIAH
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 2, No 01 (2008): Juli 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Rice soils derived from alluvial deposite were spread almost in all Indonesian archipelago, due to the fact that the parent materials were resulted from sedimentation processes after erosion or weathering either in the upper course of river or the higher place, from the far or short distance. Generally the more distance of sediment material from the source of erosion or weathering, the more variation in the properties, and the closer of sediment material from the source of erosion or weathering, the more homogeny of the sediment material properties. The content and kind of weatherable mineral which were act as important source of nutrient inthe rice soils were influenced by parent materials. Among the parent materials, the sediment from intermediate to basic volcanic materials was the best supplier of nutrients. The most constrain in the alluvial rice soils are acidity and the nutrient content or source of nutrients. A balanced fertilizing based on soil testing is the best way to manage alluvial rice soils. For the area which is already had P and K nutrient status map at 1:50,000 scale, the fertilizing recommendation of primer macro nutrients could be refered to the map, while for the area that do not has a P and K nutrient status, the soil testing analyses should be done. Return straw to the ricefield is strongly recommended, because returned straw could be thrifty application of fertilizer, especially kalium (K).

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE SOILS DERIVED FROM ALLUVIAL DEPOSITE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO; SETYORINI, DIAH
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 2, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Rice soils derived from alluvial deposite were spread almost in all Indonesian archipelago, due to the fact that the parent materials were resulted from sedimentation processes after erosion or weathering either in the upper course of river or the higher place, from the far or short distance. Generally the more distance of sediment material from the source of erosion or weathering, the more variation in the properties, and the closer of sediment material from the source of erosion or weathering, the more homogeny of the sediment material properties. The content and kind of weatherable mineral which were act as important source of nutrient inthe rice soils were influenced by parent materials. Among the parent materials, the sediment from intermediate to basic volcanic materials was the best supplier of nutrients. The most constrain in the alluvial rice soils are acidity and the nutrient content or source of nutrients. A balanced fertilizing based on soil testing is the best way to manage alluvial rice soils. For the area which is already had P and K nutrient status map at 1:50,000 scale, the fertilizing recommendation of primer macro nutrients could be refered to the map, while for the area that do not has a P and K nutrient status, the soil testing analyses should be done. Return straw to the ricefield is strongly recommended, because returned straw could be thrifty application of fertilizer, especially kalium (K).

MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FOREST LAND SOIL DEVELOPED FROM ACID SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN RIAU PROVINCE SUHARTA, NATA; PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 28 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n28.2008.%p

Exploitation forest land for food crops agricultural use often limited by drastically change of soil properties and soil characteristics after two or three years of usage. The loose of organic matter through mineralization processes and erosion is causal factor for decreasing fertility of the soils. To study soil properties and soil characteristics as foundation for agricultural use, the forest land derived from sedimentary rock in Riau Province have been studied. The Research result indicates that parent material has great influence on mineral composition, physical and chemical properties of the soils. Soil from sedimentary rock in the study area were very developed, indicated by domination of kaolinite and very low of mineral reserve. Soils derived from claystone have better chemical properties compare to soil derived from sandstone as shown by exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, and potential K, but limited by highly Al exchangeable. The physical properties of the soils indicate that the soil is susceptible for erosion and compaction. For that reasons, the exploitation of forest land for agriculturing or forest plantation use need soil conservation practices, avoid the slopping area (>8%) especially for food plantation, and fertilizer. Changing the forest land to agricultural land not only increase mineralization of organic matter but also interrupt biological cycles that influential on decreasing soil fertility.

THE INFLUENCE OF VOLCANIC MATERIALS ON THE PROPERTIES OF PADDY SOILS PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO; SUGANDA, HUSEIN; KASNO, ANTONIUS
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 25 (2007): Juli 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n25.2007.%p

Three pedons of paddy soils classified as Oxyaquic Eutrudepts from Pati, Typic Endoaquerts from Ngawi and Vertic Endoaquepts from Klaten have been studied pedogenetically based on their physical, mineralogical and chemical properties. For this purpose as many as 15 soil samples were analyzed in Laboratory. The results indicated that all pedons were influenced by different materials. The top soil of paddy soil from Pati wascovered by sediment material which was dominated by quartz, while sub soils was influenced by volcanic materials consist of association labradorite-hornblende minerals. Paddy soil from Ngawi continuously influenced by volcanic materials in all profile with association of labradorite-hornblende, while paddy soil from Klaten which was derived from volcanic alluvium showed domination of primary mineral in their association, e.g labradoritehornblende- augite-hypersten. The clay mineral composition in all paddy soils were dominated by smectite, with a lesser extends kaolinite and halloysite. The higher content of kaolinite in the top layer of paddy soil from Pati was formed from sediment materials, while in all sub soils kaolinite and haloisite were formed from weathering of labradorite from volcanic materials. Chemically, all pedons are fertile, the main difference is on the ratio of Ca/Mg. Paddy soils from marl (Pati and Ngawi) have Ca/Mg ratio ranging between 5:1 and 12:1, while paddy soil from alluvium (Klaten) is about 2:1. The influence of volcanic materials gives a positive impact on paddy field properties, especially in the source of nutrients but could not modify the Ca/Mg ratio.

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOILS WITH ANDIC PROPERTIES DERIVED FROM ACID PYROCLASTIC MATERIALS IN TOBA HIGH LAND PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO; SUHARTA, NATA; YATNO, EDI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 29 (2009): Juli 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n29.2009.%p

Soil with andic properties are generally found in Indonesian volcanic high land. To characterize the andic soils, six pedons derived from pyroclastic rock from Toba high land were studied. Properties of the andic soils from Toba high land were somewhat different from others andic soils in Indonesia. Results of chemical and mineralogical data interpretation showed that the andic soils from Toba were derived from acid pyroclastic rock. This indicate that andic soils in Indonesia not only derived fromintermediate to basic volcanic rock, but also from acid rock. The main problem of andic soils is in their high P retention. In the study area the P retention range between 34-95%, the soils are acid to very acid (pH 5.5-4.1), poor of nutrients, and some of them have very high Al saturation (>60%). Increasing exchangeable Al occur at pH 4 to 5, while the high Al saturation occur at concentration of exchangeable Al between 0.5 to 3cmolc kg-1. High value of P retention was caused by high content of amorphous materials, indicate by positive relationships between P retention and Al + ½Fe extracted by ammonium oxalate (R2 = 0,88). Clay mineral identification is needed to distinguis between amorphous and crystallin minerals that can be used as a basic of better soil management.

SOILS DEVELOPED ON SERPENTINITE IN PANYIPATAN DISTRICT, SOUTH KALIMANTAN : CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR SUITABILITY FOR MAIZE YATNO, EDI; PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 32 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n32.2010.%p

Four representative soil pedons formed from ultrabasic or serpentinite parent materials were studied in the field and laboratory in order to determine their soil characteristics and suitability for maize. Maize is one of the most important agricultural food crops in Indonesia. Up to now, the need of this crop for any other usages tends to increase. However, maizeproduction could not meet the demand. Therefore, extensification and intensification of the agricultural area for the crop cultivation need to be conducted. The results indicated that all the studied soils have deep solum, yellowish red to red colour, blocky structure, and friable to firm consistency. Particle-size distribution was dominated by clay fraction (73-88%). The soil bulk density and available water was relatively low (0.84-1.12 mg m-3 and 9-15%, respectively), while the total porosity was high (58-68%). Except pedon PN-35, some soils have acid reaction, medium C organic in the upper horizons, and low base saturation (<40%). The soil CEC and exchangeable Al were low (<12 and <1.3 cmolc kg-1, respectively). P retention of all the soils is high (60-87%). The soils were classified as Typic Hapludox, Anionic Acrudox, and Kandiudalfic Eutrudox. Most soils were moderately suitable (S2) for maize cultivation with nutrient retention (acidreaction, low CEC-clay and base saturation) and water availability (high wet months) as the main limiting factors. To increase soil productivity, application of agricultural lime, P fertilizers (rock phosphate) and organic matter were highly recommmended.

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