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GENESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PEAT AT TOBA HIGHLAND AREA OF NORTH SUMATRA Prasetyo, Bambang Hendro; Suharta, Nata
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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In Indonesia, peat soil in the highland area is only found in the plateau of Toba Highland, North Sumatra, and its morphologi-cal, physical, and chemical properties have been studied. Four profiles of peat soil were made in the field and eighteen samples were taken and analyzed in laboratory. Most of the properties of highland peat were similar with lowland peat. The differences were in their Al saturation, P retention, and andic soil properties. High Al saturation was resulted from weathering of primary minerals under the acid condition. Andic soil properties were caused by amorphous materials resulted from weathering of volcanic materials in the peat, and P retention was related with the presence of amorphous materials. Phosphate retention of the highland peat was classified high (>60%) and positively correlated with amorphous materials. The presence of amor-phous materials was confirmed by ammonium oxalate extract-able Alo+Â½Feo. The presence of andic soil properties in the highland peat created problem in their classification. To provide a place for andic soil properties that influence the P retention in the highland peat soil, the soil classification of peat soil should be modified by adding andic modifier at subgroup level.

Characteristics of Spodosols, Limitation and Usage Potential SUHARTA, NATA; YATNO, EDI
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 3, No 01 (2009): Juli 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Spodosols characterized by the presence of spodic and albic horizons, are problem soils due to low productivity, coarse texture and low nutrient status. This soil was generally covered by alang-alang or shrub and bush. The soils were generally distributed in cold climate or wet tropical areas with high rainfall. The objectives of this paper were to discuss the characteristics ofSpodosols in Kalimantan and Sumatra and the possibility of their utilization. In Indonesia, this soil is found in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatra, and Papua Islands. Parent materials of the soils were originated from quartz sand, sediment or acid sedimentary rocks (quartz sandstone) with low nutrients status. Physiographically, the soils were distributed in alluvial plain, colluvial, sand beach, sand dune, tectonic plain and sandstone plateau on elevation of 5 to >1,500 m asl, with flat to nearly undulating relieves. The soil physical properties were characterized by coarse texture and the presence of root limiting layer such as fragipan, duripan, or placic horizon (organo-metal complex) with various depth. The soil chemical properties were characterized by acid soil reaction, very low exchangeable bases, P and K nutrient, and mineral reserve. Cation exchange capacity of the soils depends on their soil organic matter content. Based on the soil characteristics, most Spodosols were not suitable for agricultural land development. Therefore the Spodosols usages should be directed not only for production increases but also for environmental healthiness and soilcare. The Spodosols land that have been opened needs to be optimally used in order to increase soil quality through appropriate soil and plant management. The new land cleared for agriculture and production forest needs carefully actions with localizing the Spodosols distribution in order to maintain the natural vegetations as conservation forest or recreation areas.

MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FOREST LAND SOIL DEVELOPED FROM ACID SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN RIAU PROVINCE SUHARTA, NATA; PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 28 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n28.2008.%p

Exploitation forest land for food crops agricultural use often limited by drastically change of soil properties and soil characteristics after two or three years of usage. The loose of organic matter through mineralization processes and erosion is causal factor for decreasing fertility of the soils. To study soil properties and soil characteristics as foundation for agricultural use, the forest land derived from sedimentary rock in Riau Province have been studied. The Research result indicates that parent material has great influence on mineral composition, physical and chemical properties of the soils. Soil from sedimentary rock in the study area were very developed, indicated by domination of kaolinite and very low of mineral reserve. Soils derived from claystone have better chemical properties compare to soil derived from sandstone as shown by exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, and potential K, but limited by highly Al exchangeable. The physical properties of the soils indicate that the soil is susceptible for erosion and compaction. For that reasons, the exploitation of forest land for agriculturing or forest plantation use need soil conservation practices, avoid the slopping area (>8%) especially for food plantation, and fertilizer. Changing the forest land to agricultural land not only increase mineralization of organic matter but also interrupt biological cycles that influential on decreasing soil fertility.

ANDISOLS DERIVED FROM ACID PYROCLASTIC LIPARITE TUFF : THEIR PROPERTIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT YATNO, EDI; SUHARTA, NATA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 33 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n33.2011.%p

The characterizations of Andisols from acid pyroclastic liparite tuff have been studied. Six soil profiles were made in the field, and 29 soil samples were taken for chemical, mineralogical and physical analyses in laboratory. Results indicate that sand mineral composition of Andisols was dominated by biotite, quartz, and sanidine, while the clay mineral was dominated by allophane. Soil bulk density is low (0.47-1.00 g cm-3), while total porosity is high (53-80%). Soil reaction is slightly acid (pH 5.5-6.0) to very acid (pH< 4.5), poor of nutrients, have a high to very high of P retention (>80%), high (>3%) to very high organic carbon (>5%) and high potential K (>41 mg 100g-1). The high value of organic carbon positively has relationship with N and soil cation exchange capacity, while the P retentionpositively has relationship with amorphous material in the form of Alo+0.5 Feo. Andisols investigated were classified as Medial, amorphic, isothermic, Acrudoxic Hapludands (UG 444 and MD 121 ), Medial, amorphic, shallow, isothermic, Duric Hapludands (KR 227), and Medial, amorphic, shallow, isothermic, Acrudoxic Hapludands (KR 190, AI 1045 and KR 1188). The characterization of Andisols is very useful in the soil management planning on Andisols land. Planting some vegetation that tolerant with soil acidity and soil conservation to protect organic matter from erosion hazard should be become priority. Maintain land cover of Andisols is a good way to protect Andisols from erosion process.

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOILS WITH ANDIC PROPERTIES DERIVED FROM ACID PYROCLASTIC MATERIALS IN TOBA HIGH LAND PRASETYO, BAMBANG HENDRO; SUHARTA, NATA; YATNO, EDI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 29 (2009): Juli 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n29.2009.%p

Soil with andic properties are generally found in Indonesian volcanic high land. To characterize the andic soils, six pedons derived from pyroclastic rock from Toba high land were studied. Properties of the andic soils from Toba high land were somewhat different from others andic soils in Indonesia. Results of chemical and mineralogical data interpretation showed that the andic soils from Toba were derived from acid pyroclastic rock. This indicate that andic soils in Indonesia not only derived fromintermediate to basic volcanic rock, but also from acid rock. The main problem of andic soils is in their high P retention. In the study area the P retention range between 34-95%, the soils are acid to very acid (pH 5.5-4.1), poor of nutrients, and some of them have very high Al saturation (>60%). Increasing exchangeable Al occur at pH 4 to 5, while the high Al saturation occur at concentration of exchangeable Al between 0.5 to 3cmolc kg-1. High value of P retention was caused by high content of amorphous materials, indicate by positive relationships between P retention and Al + ½Fe extracted by ammonium oxalate (R2 = 0,88). Clay mineral identification is needed to distinguis between amorphous and crystallin minerals that can be used as a basic of better soil management.

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