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Feeding pattern and nutritional status of infants in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Dwikisworo Setyowireni; Achmad Surjono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 6 (2007): November 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (436.296 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.6.2007.283-9

Abstract

Background The reduction of high rates of malnutrition willrequire greater attention to specific aspects of child feeding.Although much attention has been devoted recently to promotingappropriate breastfeeding practices, little effort has been directedto enhance complementary feeding.Objectives To assess feeding pattern among infants in Belu DistrictNusa Tenggara Timur, related to nutritional status of children.Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in Belu District,East Nusa Tenggara using a two stage cluster sampling method toselect a sample of representative households. All infants wereassessed for current feeding practices and anthropometric.Results Among 87.8% infants are still breastfed, and 80.2% weregiven colostrum. The mother gave the baby plain water (27.4%),or sugar water (15.6%), or other liquid (31.7%) before giving thefirst breast milk. Timely first suckling was practiced 10.1% infants,timely first complementary feeding was achieved 90.3%, as wellas high rate of early introduction of semi-solid food in infants lessthan 4 months. Introduction of solid food was progressivelyincreased (3% in the newborn period to 72% in 3 months infant).Exclusive breastfeeding among infants < 4 months was decreasing(90% in newborn period to 28% in 3 months infants). Theproportion of infants fed solid foods was progressively increased(4% in infants <1 month to 72% in 3 months infant). The highprevalence of wasting reached 27.8% (CI 95%: 24,6-31,3). Theprevalence of children below -2 SD Z-scores was 10% (CI 95%:8-12.5), was classified as serious condition.Conclusions This study showed that high percentage of exclusivebreastfeeding rate otherwise rate of continued breastfeeding (oneyear) is low. A sufficient high rate on complementary feeding isestablished as well as early introduction of semi-solid foods. Theprevalence of underweight is high and classified as serious wasting.
Liquid crystal thermometry for early detection of hypothermia in newborns in neonatology ward, Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta Tunjung Wibowo; Dwikisworo Setyowireni; A. Samik Wahab
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (620.116 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi48.1.2008.5-9

Abstract

Background Hypothermia in neonates increases the risk ofmortality and morbidity such as infection, coagulation disorders,acidosis and hyaline membrane disease. Mercury thermometer iscommonly used to detect hypothermia in newborns, but it has itis not ecological acceptable, difficult to be sterilized, easily broken,difficult to find in some developing countries and needs sometraining before use. A simple, effective and easily used tool fordetection of hypothermia in newborns is needed.Objective To evaluate the ability of liquid crystal thermometry(LCT) in early detection of newborn hypothermia.Methods This study was conducted in the neonatology ward,Sardjito Hospital. The LCT was placed on the abdominal wall.Digital thermometer measurement and LCT observation wereconducted three times in each patient. LCT’s color and bodytemperature were documented by using a pre-coded questionnaire.Results A total of 268 newborns met the inclusion and exclusioncriteria. The pilot study showed that the inter-observer agreementof LCT was 0.75. Positive likelihood ratio during threemeasurements were 22.9 (95%CI 11.47;45.78), 18.97 (95%CI9.43;38.16) and 22.8 (95%CI 11.34;45.83) respectively.Conclusion LCT exhibits good accuracy and is safe to diagnosehypothermia in newborn.
Early detection of anemia among school children using the World Health Organization Hemoglobin Color Scale 2006 Desy Rusmawatiningtyas; Dwikisworo Setyowireni; Sri Mulatsih; Sutaryo Sutaryo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 3 (2009): May 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (97.613 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi49.3.2009.135-8

Abstract

Background The high prevalence of anemic children in Indonesiais caused by the high incidence of diseases caused by parasiticinfection such as malaria as well as iron deficiency. Early detectionis needed for early intervention in order to allow optimal growthand development. A simple, economic, and practical tool forearly detection of anaemic children is needed. The WHOrecommended a Hemoglobin Color Scale as a suitable tool forthe detection of anemia.Objective To assess the sensitivity, specificity, and predictivevalues of the WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale for early detectionof anemic children.Methods A cross sectional diagnostic test was conducted inelementary school age children. Samples consisting of two drops ofvenous blood on paper were assessed by two observers (pediatrician& paramedic) using the Hemoglobin Color Scale to visuallydetermine the level of hemoglobin. In addition, the hemoglobinlevel was also measured using a Hematology Analyzer to allow thevisual test results to be compared to the results obtained using thegold standard of analysis. Agreement between these two methodsof analysis was examined using the Cohen's kappa.Results Hemoglobin levels < 11.5 g/dL were detected in 15 of124 (12%) elementary school children. The sensitivity, specificity,positive and negative predictive values when using the HemoglobinColor Scale were 93%, 100%, 100% and 99% respectively for thefirst observer and 100%,99%,93%, and 100% respectively for thesecond observer. The Cohen's Kappa value was 0. 76.Conclusion The WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale 2006 couldbe used as an early detection method for anemia in children.
Use of Xpert MTB/RIF for diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis in Indonesia Rina Triasih; Amalia Setyati; Dwikisworo Setyowireni; Titik Nuryastuti; Rachma Dewi Isnaini Putri; Emi Rusdiyati
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 60 No 4 (2020): July 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi60.4.2020.198-204

Abstract

Background The Xpert MTB/RIF assay demonstrated a better diagnostic value than sputum smear for TB in adults and children. Objective To evaluate the use of Xpert MTB/RIF for TB diagnosis in children. Methods We conducted a prospective study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, involving 19 primary health centers (PHCs) and one provincial hospital. Children aged 0-14 years with suspected TB who visited the study sites were screened. Subjects underwent history-taking, physical examination, tuberculin skin test, chest X-ray, as well as sputum induction for Xpert MTB/RIF assay, sputum smear, and TB culture. The diagnosis of TB was made by doctors based on the results of investigations, as follows: certain TB (bacteriological confirmation), probable TB, and possible TB. Results Of 80 subjects, 21 (26%) were diagnosed with TB disease (4 certain TB and 17 probable TB). Sputum induction was successfully performed in 79 children. None of the children had positive sputum smears. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by Xpert MTB/RIF in 4 children, accounting for 5% of all children with suspected TB, or 19% among children with TB disease. The 4 Xpert MTB/RIF-positive subjects had severe TB disease and were rifampicin-sensitive. Conclusion Xpert MTB/RIF may improve case finding among children with severe TB disease with negative sputum smear.
Tuberculous pericarditis in adolescents: A case series Paramitha, Winda; Murni, Indah Kartika; Arguni, Eggi; Setyowireni, Dwikisworo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 60 No. 2 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (817.568 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi60.2.2020.111-6

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of childhood mortality, especially in endemic areas. In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 550,000 new cases and 80,000 deaths due to TB among children. Around 70-80% of the cases were pulmonary TB, while the rest were extra-pulmonary TB.1 Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for only 8% of all TB cases, however, tuberculosis is the main cause of pericarditis in high-TB-burden countries, including Indonesia.2 The mortality rate reached 17-40% and is affected by treatment adequacy.3 Without adequate therapy, the mean life expectancy is 3.7 months, with only 20% surviving to the sixth month.4 A 2004 study reported that successful treatment of TB in children depends on several factors, such as treatment compliance, timing and accuracy of diagnosis, concurrent human immunodeficency virus (HIV) infection and its clinical stage of disease, malnutrition, and drug resistance.5 Adolescents and young adults are at the highest risks of having TB.6 We report here on three cases of tuberculous pericarditis in adolescents and their outcomes following pericardiocentesis and medication.
Computer Aided Classification of X-ray Images from Pediatric Pneumonia Subjects Collected in Developing Countries Amrulloh, Yusuf Aziz; Prasetyo, Bayu Dwi; Khoiriyah, Ummatul; Gunarti, Hesti; Setyowireni, Dwikisworo; Triasih, Rina; Naning, Roni; Setyati, Amalia
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 15 No.2 October 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v15i2.69981

Abstract

Pneumonia is a lower tract respiratory infection due to bacteria or viruses. It is a severe disease in the pediatric population. Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children under five years worldwide. One of the problems with pneumonia is the diagnosis, as the symptoms of pneumonia may overlap with other diseases, such as asthma and bronchiolitis. In this work, we propose to develop a method for classifying pneumonia and non-pneumonia using X-ray images. We collected 60 X-ray images from Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the dataset from Kaggle. We processed these images through pre-processing algorithms to enhance the image quality, segmentation, white pixel computation, and classification. The novelty of our method is using the ratio of the white pixels from edge detection using the Canny algorithm with the white pixels from segmentation for classifying pneumonia/non-pneumonia. In the Kaggle dataset, our proposed method achieved an accuracy of 86.7%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 85%. The classification using the dataset from Dr. Sardjito Hospital yields sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 80%, 60%, and 66.7%, respectively. Despite the low performance in the results, we proved our novel feature, ratio of white pixels, can be used to classify pneumonia/non-pneumonia. We also identified that the local dataset is essential in the algorithm development as it has a different quality from the dataset from modern countries. Further, our simple method can be developed further to support pneumonia diagnosis in resource-limited settings where the advanced computing devices or cloud connection are not available.