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Phage typing and sensitivity test to antibiotics of Salmonella enteritidis isolates from Indonesia Sri Poernomo; Adin Priadi; Lily Natalia
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 2 (2006): JUNE 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is frequently implicated in disease outbreaks such as human food poisoning. Phage typing have been proved to be a valuable and sensitive tool in the control of SE infections. The ability of phage to distinguish varieties among apparently identical serotypes led to the development and acceptance of phage typing as a significant epidemiological procedure. To determine the epidemiological pattern of SE, phage typing of 53 SE isolated from various sources in Indonesia during 1991–1999, has been conducted using 16 typing phages of phage typing scheme of SE obtained from the International Collaborating Center for Enteric Phage typing, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, UK. The lyse blood isosensitest was then used to test the sensitivity of the Salmonella isolates to antibiotics. The phage typing results obtained that of 53 Salmonella isolates there were one S. infantis, one S. berta, and 46 SE phage type 4, 2 SE phage type 7 (from chicken and water), 1 SE phage type 6 (from chicken) and 2 SE phage type 1 (from chicken). SE phage type 4 isolates comprised of 2 isolates from human, 19 isolates from chicken (young and adult), 17 isolates from day old chicks, 4 isolates from fluff, 2 isolates from chicken meat, 1 isolate from poultry farm water, 1 isolate from dog organ. These findings indicated that contaminated chicken appeared to be the sources of human and dog for SE infection. The results of sensitivity test of the isolates to antibiotics showed that most of the Salmonella isolates from Indonesia were resistant to the antibiotics tested. Key Words: Salmonella Enteritidis, Phage typing, Sensitivity test, Indonesia, Chicken

Infection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) in chickens in Indonesia Adin Priadi; Lily Natalia
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 1 (2006): MARCH 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a bacterium identified as a new species in 1994 and generally associated with respiratory distress in chickens. From 214 of sinus swabs, tracheal swabs, lungs, airsac, liver heart blood samples and yolk sacs of chickens suffered from respiratory distresses, 6 isolates of O. rhinotracheale were isolated. These isolates were obtained from tracheal swabs of broiler chickens aged between 28-35 days old and broiler breeder of 32 weeks old. Upon incubated on blood agar for 48 hours at 37oC in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, round, convect and grey colonies with diametres of 1-2 mm were observed. The bacteria were pleomorphic, Gram negative rods, negative catalase and positive oxidase. Biochemically, the bacteria did not change potassium nitrate, tryptophan, glucose, arginine, urea, esculin, gelatine, arabinose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate, citrate and phenyl-acetate in API 20 NE system but β –galactosidase was produced. In the API 20 NE system, the isolates were identified as 0020004, 0060004, 0020104 codes. Tracheitis, air sacculitis, pneumonia and cheesy air sacs were pathological changes generally found in chickens infected with O. rhinotracheale. Trachea is the most important organ for the isolation of O. rhinotracheale. Key Words: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Infection, Chicken, Indonesia

Clostridial necrotic enteritis in chicken associated with growth rate depression Adin Priadi; Lily Natalia
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 13, No 1 (2008): MARCH 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of chickens as well as a potential pathogen causing necrotic enteritis. C. perfringens only causes necrotic enteritis when it transforms from non-toxin producing type to toxin producing type. The alpha toxin, (phospholipase C) is believed to be a key to the occurrence of Clostridial necrotic enteritis (CNE). The best known predisposing factor is mucosal damage, caused by coccidiosis that damages the intestinal lining, making the gut susceptible to infections including C. perfringens. The purpose of this study was to observe the chicken performance in experimental CNE and field cases of CNE. Diagnosis of CNE were made by latex agglutination test, isolation and identification of the agent. Pathological and histopathological changes were also observed. Experimentally, NE could be reproduced when Eimeria sp and C. perfringens spores are inoculated in chicken. Signs of an NE are wet litter and diarrhea, and an increase in mortality is not often obvious. The depression of growth rate and feed efficiency of chicken become noticeable by week 5 because of damage to the intestine and the subsequent reduction in digestion and absorption of food. Subclinical form of CNE was also frequently found in the field, leading to significant decreases in performance. Chicken gut samples examinations revealed that subclinical form of CNE causes damage to the intestinal mucosa caused by C. perfringens leads to decreased digestion and absorption, increased feed conversion ratio and reduced weight gain. Dual infection with C. perfringens and Eimeria sp. was frequently found in field. The results of these studies provide evidence for C. perfringens as a causative bacteria for growth depression. Key Words: Clostridial Necrotic Enteritis, Chicken, Growth Depression

Swamp Buffalo in South Kalimantan : Problem, Disease and Control Lily Natalia; Suhardono .; Adin Priadi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 4 (2006): DECEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

In recent years, several studies have been carried out to evaluate and investigate the important diseases of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus carabanensis) in Kalimantan . More attention has been focused on the case of acute infectious diseases and sudden death in the buffaloes . Fasciolosis black disease, acute enteritis, especially fatal enterotoxaemia haemorrhagic septicaemia . and trypanosomiasis (Surra), are some of the important diseases found in these animals . Black disease caused by toxigenic Clostridium novyi occurs in the presence of the organism in the liver and the degree of liver fluke Fasciola gigantica infestation . In regions where black disease is enzootic, Cl. novvi can be isolated from livers of normal healthy animals . In Hulu Sungai Utara district, South Kalimantan, the prevalence of fasciolosis caused by Fasciola gigantica in swamp buffalo was 77% in 1991 . A gross sudden change in diet due to seasonal changes could induce rumen and intestinal stasis, which provide a favourable environment for the rapid proliferation of commensal toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in the small intestine . Subsequent absorption of the toxin produced through the gut wall and its generalized dissemination culminated in a fatal enterotoxaemia . Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute, fatal disease affecting swamp buffalo, and caused by Pasteurella multocida B : 2 . The swamp buffalo is particularly susceptible for HS, and the reported greatest losses of swamp buffalo in Kalimantan due to HS is recorded in 1980s. The clinical signs of Surra in swamp buffalo were also found in certain areas in Danau Panggang area . Hulu Sungai Utara district . Vaccination is the accepted method for controlling Black disease, enterotoxaemia and HS. Multi component vaccine, alum adjuvant containing at least 5 types of clostridial toxoids and P. multocida B2 bacterin have been used and provide good protection to the animals . Control and treatment of liver fluke infestation is advisable. Vaccination is recommended annually and should be carried out regularly . In these days, the farmers concern about the availability of the grass in the Danau Panggang area . The primary feed grass (Oryza sativa forma spontanea L), of the swamp buffalo were not sufficient in the low-tide season. The over population of Pamocea canaliculata (golden snail), a pest for lake vegetations, was thought to be responsible for this phenomena . Growing forages as the source of animal feed may be an option to improve the current performance of the swamp buffalo in the area. Key words : Diseases, swamp buffalo, control, South Kalimantan

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