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The effect of feeding mixtures of banana trunk and soybean meal on lambs performance Mathius, I-W; Yulistiani, D; Puastuti, w; Martawidjaja, M
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 3 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

This study was intended to determine the effects of increasing the ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal on intake, nitrogen excretion and lambs performance. Sixteen lambs (averaging 21.21 + 1.69 kg) were pen individually and fed a basal diet consisted of chopped fresh king grass and commercial concentrate and unlimited access of water. Lambs were randomly assigned to one out of four different ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal as feed supplements, i.e. (R0) 0:1; (R1) 1:1; (R2) 2:1 and (R3) 4:1. Results showed that the inclusion of banana trunk had no adverse effect on lambs performance. As it is expected, altering the ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal increased (P < 0.05) dry matter intake of forage as well as total dry matter intake. The digestion coefficient of dietary ration was not affected (P >0.05) by feed supplement. Despite of no difference was observed in the coefficient of nitrogen digestibility, apparent fecal and urine N-output were significantly (P < 0.05) affected. The highest ratio of fed supplement (R3) tended to decrease nitrogen retention. Overall data indicated that lambs offered basal diet supplemented with R2 treatment accumulated more N per-day, than those fed other treatments, and consequently lambs performance was the best on those fed R2 treatment. Â Key words: Banana trunk, protected protein, lambs

The effect of dietary crude protein substitution as protected soybean meal on pregnant and lactating ewesâ performance Mathius, I-W; Yulistiani, D; Puastuti, W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 7, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Production respons was related to rumen undegradable protein feeding. Twenty-six local late pregnant ewes are penned individually and allocated to four dietary treatment groups of feed supplement, containing different amount of protected soybean meal and provided 0% (R1), 10% (R2) 20% (R3) and 40% (R4) crude protein of feed supplement respectively. Diets were fed until the first 8-week of lactation phase. Results showed that the mean of total dry matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was 3,42% of body weight (BW). Dietary treatments of protected-protein tended to increase daily mean intake of dry matter (P>0.05), ie. 76.9; 77.25; 77.49 and 78.81 g/kg BW 0.75 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. A similar trend was noted in daily intake of crude protein with the mean of 9.75; 10.31; 10,75 and 12.1 g/kg BW0.75 (for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively) and were not different significantly (P>0.05) among dietary treatments. Increasing the amount of protected-protein in the ration influenced (P<0.05) the daily live weight gain (ADG) of ewes during the late phase of gestation which was 104.4, 99.4, 120.8 and 148.14 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Feed efficiency (DMI/ADG) improved as substitution of protected-protein increased. The total birth weight of lambs (g/ewe) was not significantly different (P>0.05), by increasing level of protected-protein in the ration, averaging 3.2 kg/ewe. Increasing protected-protein, increased (P<0.05) the daily gain (g/ewe) of lambs during the first 8-week of lactation, and it was 127, 131, 165 and 211 g/ewe/d for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Consequently, the weaned weight at 8- week of ages increased significantly different (P<0.05) as the amount of protected-protein in the diet increased. Â Key words: Banana latex, protected-protein, ewes production

Biological value (in vitro and in sacco) of chemically treated feather as rumen by pass protein source Puastuti, W; Yulistiani, D; Mathius, I-W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A series of experiments has been conducted to study chemical processing method of feather meal using hydrocloric acid (HCl) and to evaluate the biological values by in vitro and is sacco methods of the hydrolitic feather meal (HBA). Feather meal was hydrolyzed using four levels of HCl concentration (i.e.0, 6, 12 and 24%) in three incubation times (i.e. 2, 4, and 6 days). The hydrolysis reaction was carried out in closed container in the ratio of feather meal and HCl of 2:1 (w/v). In vitro evaluation was conducted to measure dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, DM solubility, ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content. In sacco to observe the degradation of HBA crude protein. Results of in sacco evaluation in rumen showed that soluble and degraded crude proteins (CP) were significantly only affected by HCl concentration (P<0.01). The rate and the amount of degraded protein in 24 hours inclution in the rumen were affected by the HCl concentration and incubation time of hydrolysis. More amino acid degradation occurred on longer time showed that HCl had quadratic effect (P<0,01) on pH of HBA. However durations of hydrolysis did not significantly affect acidity (P>0.05). In vitro DM and OM digestibilities of HBA increased as the concentration of HCl was increased. The increase of DM digestibility followed the equation Y = -0.0231x3 + 0.7323x2 â 1.5716x + 12.383 (r = 0.994); and the OM digestibility followed the equation Y = -0.0229x3 + 0.7194x2 â 1.0606x + 15.951 (r = 0.993). Time of incubation, on the other hand, did not affect OM and DM digestibilities (P>0.05). DM solubility of HBA was significantly affected by HCl concentration and the length of incubation time (P<0.01). The increase of DM solubility was followed by the increase of NH3 content (P<0.01). The relation between DM solubility and NH3 content followed the equation Y = 0.4365x + 5.4047 (r = 0.966). The increase of DM solubility followed the equation Y = -0.027x3 + 0.9596x2 â 4.8142x + 5.3878 (r = 0.973) and the increase of NH3 content followed the equation Y = -0.0085x3 + 0.3175x2 â 1.4139x + 7.0889 (r = 0.992). Result of in sacco evaluation showed that fraction of crude protein (CP) disolved and fraction of CP degraded in rumen was significantly affected by HCl concentration (P<0.01), while the rate of CP degradation and the amount of fraction degraded during 24 hours in the rumen were affected by the HCl concentration and the durations of hydrolysis (P<0.01)Â indicating that more feather meal protein was hydrolized by HCl, therefore weakened or cut the chain of amino acid in the feather protein. Treatment with 12% HCl for 4 days hydrolysis of feather meal resulted in CP fraction degradation during 24 hours incubation in the rumen of 53%, indicating that the potency of CP of HBA as rumen by pass protein was 47%. Â Key words: Chicken feather, HCl hydrolysis, digestibility by pass protein

Banana stem juice protected soy bean meal as feed suplement to sheep: In sacco and in vivo Puastuti, W; Mathius, I-W; Yulistiani, D
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Protein with low resistant of rumen degradability must be protected, which part of its protein could reach post ruminal and able to supply amino acids for ruminant. The experiment was conducted to obtain the best ratio of soy bean meal with banana stem juice as feed supplement protecting protein. Rumen degradability using rumen fistulated sheep were evaluated in saccous at incubation times of 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours.Â The best ratio in the in sacco experiment was used for further in vivo experiment. Fifteen growing lambs with average live weight of 18.6 Â± 2.2 kg were grouped according to body weight in trial with a simple randomized design. Three treated rations were R0 = control diet with 0% protected soy bean meal, R50 = diet with 50% protected soy bean meal, and R100 = diet with 100% protected soy bean meal. All diets were iso nitrogen and iso energy (CP 18% and TDN 75%). Diet consisted approximately 30% king grass and 70% concentrate. The experimental diets were offered for 12 weeks. The result from in sacco experiment showed that the best ratio between soybean meal and banana stem juice was 2:1 w/v (R2). This mixture had the highest rumen undegradable dry matter and protein. Result from in vivo experiment showed that the intake and digestibility of dry matters, the intake and digestibility of crude protein. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter intakes and digestibilitie of crude protein, pH value, NH3-N, total bacteria, purin and total VFA in rumen fluid were not affected by feed supplement. The same average body weight at the beginning of study resulted same body weight at the end of study. The ADG of R50 and R100 (138.1 and 122.2 g) were respectively not different with the control, RO (120.9g). It was concluded that soy bean meal and banana stem juice 2:1 w/v was the best ratio, but as feed supplement with high resistant rumen degradable protein can not produce higher growth rate than the control group. Key Words: Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice, Protected Protein, Degradation

Effect of mixing banana stem juice and subsequent heating on rumen degradability of soy bean meal Yulistiani, D; Puastuti, W; Mathius, I.W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen degradability of soy bean meal when it was mixed with banana stem juice and was subsequently heated.Â Banana stem juice was used as source of tanin to protect protein in soy bean meal from degradation in the rumen. The banana stem juice (in volume) was mixed with soy bean meal at three ratio, which were 1 : 1, 1:2 and 1 : 3 (w/v). These mixing was then heated at 60oC and 90oC. The heating was done in an oven. Sample from each treatment was then filled into polyester bag with porosity of 45 mm and the size of 5 x 9 cm. The bags were incubated in the rumen of fistulated sheep for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The experiment was carried out in factorial 3 x 2, with three levels of banana stem juice and 2 levels of heating and was arranged in completely randomized design. Untreated soy bean meal was also incubated used asÂ control. Degradation data of dry matter and crude protein at each incubation time was fitted into exponential equation,Â P = a + b (1 - ect). Results shows that there was a significant interaction factor of stem juice ratio and heating on water soluble substrate (constant A) where heating at 90oC with ratio 1 : 2 (w/v) resulted in the highest a. The insoluble but fermentable substrate (B) was decreased by the increasing concentration of banana stem juice, while the rate of protein degradation of b fraction was lower compared to control. In conclusion, banana stem juice can reduce the rate of degradation of soy bean meal in the rumen. Key words: Degradation, Crude Protein, Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice

Effect of processing on nutritive value of corn cobs: Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility Yulistiani, Dwi; Puastuti, W; Wina, E; ., Supriati
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

One of the causes of in low productivity of ruminants in Indonesia is the lack of continual availability of high quality feed. Agriculture by-product such as corn cob is potential to be used as roughage for ruminants. However its nutrient quality is low; therefore, processing needs to be done to increase its nutrient quality.Â The objective of the study was to obtain technology which able to increase the nutritive value of corn corb. Corn cobs were ground to obtain corn grain size and then treated with one of six treatments. These treatments were (1). Urea treatment at the level 3% of DM corn cob, (2). Fermentation using Trichoderma viridae; (3). Combination of fermentation using T. viridae and urea at the level 0.5% DM, (4). Fermentation using Aspergilus niger, (5). Fermentation using A. niger and urea at the level of 0.5% DM and (6). Ensiling of corn cob. All treated samples were dried in an oven then were ground for chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility. The study was done using randomised completely design and the data was analyzed using SAS programe v6.1. Result shows that untreated corn cob had low quality nutritive value which was indicated by its low protein content (2.9%) and low in vitro digestibility (42.5%). All treatments could increase corn cobâs protein contents; the highest increase was on urea treatment and fermentation of corn cob using A. niger supplemented with urea (210 and 172% respectively). The in vitro digestibility was only significantly increased by urea treatment where its digestibility was increased by 43%. On the other hand, fermentation using A. niger either with or without urea supplementation increased neutral detergent fibre digestibility by 300% and 200%. In conclusion, nutritive value of a corn cob can be improved by urea treatment at the level of 3% or by fermentation using A. niger. Key Words: Corn Cob, Silage, Ammoniation, Fermentation

Effect of Supplementations of Comin+ and Zn-biocomplex on the performances of Ettawa Crossbred goats ., Supriyati; Puastuti, W; Budiarsana, I-G.M; Sutama, I-K
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Digestibility of ruminant feeds is greatly determined by ruminal fermentation which in turn is greatly affected by micro-ecology of the rumen. Manipulation of micro-ecology such as supplementing with various yeasts or micro elements could improve digestibility of the feed. The effect of Comin+ (R1) and Zn-biocomplex (R2) alone or their combination (R3) on performance of Ettawa Crossbred kids, fed concentrate containing Aspergillus oryzae (R0) was studied. Twenty four Ettawa Crossbred kids (6-8 month of age; initial liveweights =16.63Â±2.10 kg) were divided into 4 groups. Feeds given were King grass (Pennicetum purpuroides) ad libitum and concentrate. The observations were carried out for 16 weeks with 2 weeks adaptation period and the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The results showed that supplementations significantly (P < 0.05) increased total DM intakes from 685 g/d (R0) became 748, 711 and 858 g/d; and grass DM intakes from 304 g/d (R0) became 373, 331 and 479 g/d for R1, R2 and R3, respectively. Digestibilities of DM, NDF and DE/GE were not affected by supplementation, but supplementations significantly (P < 0.05) affected digestibilities of ADF and CP. Supplementation also significantly improved (P < 0.05) ADG from 65.18 g/d (R0) became 94.64, 83.04 and 90.77 g/d; and FCR from 10.51 (R0) became 7.82, 8.36 and 9.46 for R1, R2 and R3, respectively. It was concluded that supplementation of Comin+ (R1) gave the best growth performance of Ettawa Croosbred goats, where ADG and FCR improved by 45.20% and 34.40%. Key Words: Supplementation, Comin+ , Zn-biocomplex, Performances, Goats

Banana stem juice protected soy bean meal as feed suplement to sheep: In sacco and in vivo W Puastuti; I-W Mathius; D Yulistiani
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 2 (2006): JUNE 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Protein with low resistant of rumen degradability must be protected, which part of its protein could reach post ruminal and able to supply amino acids for ruminant. The experiment was conducted to obtain the best ratio of soy bean meal with banana stem juice as feed supplement protecting protein. Rumen degradability using rumen fistulated sheep were evaluated in saccous at incubation times of 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours. The best ratio in the in sacco experiment was used for further in vivo experiment. Fifteen growing lambs with average live weight of 18.6 ± 2.2 kg were grouped according to body weight in trial with a simple randomized design. Three treated rations were R0 = control diet with 0% protected soy bean meal, R50 = diet with 50% protected soy bean meal, and R100 = diet with 100% protected soy bean meal. All diets were iso nitrogen and iso energy (CP 18% and TDN 75%). Diet consisted approximately 30% king grass and 70% concentrate. The experimental diets were offered for 12 weeks. The result from in sacco experiment showed that the best ratio between soybean meal and banana stem juice was 2:1 w/v (R2). This mixture had the highest rumen undegradable dry matter and protein. Result from in vivo experiment showed that the intake and digestibility of dry matters, the intake and digestibility of crude protein. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter intakes and digestibilitie of crude protein, pH value, NH3-N, total bacteria, purin and total VFA in rumen fluid were not affected by feed supplement. The same average body weight at the beginning of study resulted same body weight at the end of study. The ADG of R50 and R100 (138.1 and 122.2 g) were respectively not different with the control, RO (120.9g). It was concluded that soy bean meal and banana stem juice 2:1 w/v was the best ratio, but as feed supplement with high resistant rumen degradable protein can not produce higher growth rate than the control group. Key Words: Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice, Protected Protein, Degradation

The effect of dietary crude protein substitution as protected soybean meal on pregnant and lactating ewes’ performance I-W Mathius; D Yulistiani; W Puastuti
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 7, No 1 (2002): MARCH 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Production respons was related to rumen undegradable protein feeding. Twenty-six local late pregnant ewes are penned individually and allocated to four dietary treatment groups of feed supplement, containing different amount of protected soybean meal and provided 0% (R1), 10% (R2) 20% (R3) and 40% (R4) crude protein of feed supplement respectively. Diets were fed until the first 8-week of lactation phase. Results showed that the mean of total dry matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was 3,42% of body weight (BW). Dietary treatments of protected-protein tended to increase daily mean intake of dry matter (P>0.05), ie. 76.9; 77.25; 77.49 and 78.81 g/kg BW 0.75 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. A similar trend was noted in daily intake of crude protein with the mean of 9.75; 10.31; 10,75 and 12.1 g/kg BW0.75 (for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively) and were not different significantly (P>0.05) among dietary treatments. Increasing the amount of protected-protein in the ration influenced (P<0.05) the daily live weight gain (ADG) of ewes during the late phase of gestation which was 104.4, 99.4, 120.8 and 148.14 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Feed efficiency (DMI/ADG) improved as substitution of protected-protein increased. The total birth weight of lambs (g/ewe) was not significantly different (P>0.05), by increasing level of protected-protein in the ration, averaging 3.2 kg/ewe. Increasing protected-protein, increased (P<0.05) the daily gain (g/ewe) of lambs during the first 8-week of lactation, and it was 127, 131, 165 and 211 g/ewe/d for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Consequently, the weaned weight at 8- week of ages increased significantly different (P<0.05) as the amount of protected-protein in the diet increased. Key words: Banana latex, protected-protein, ewes production

Effect of mixing banana stem juice and subsequent heating on rumen degradability of soy bean meal D Yulistiani; W Puastuti; I.W Mathius
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 15, No 1 (2010): MARCH 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen degradability of soy bean meal when it was mixed with banana stem juice and was subsequently heated. Banana stem juice was used as source of tanin to protect protein in soy bean meal from degradation in the rumen. The banana stem juice (in volume) was mixed with soy bean meal at three ratio, which were 1 : 1, 1:2 and 1 : 3 (w/v). These mixing was then heated at 60oC and 90oC. The heating was done in an oven. Sample from each treatment was then filled into polyester bag with porosity of 45 mm and the size of 5 x 9 cm. The bags were incubated in the rumen of fistulated sheep for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The experiment was carried out in factorial 3 x 2, with three levels of banana stem juice and 2 levels of heating and was arranged in completely randomized design. Untreated soy bean meal was also incubated used as control. Degradation data of dry matter and crude protein at each incubation time was fitted into exponential equation, P = a + b (1 - ect). Results shows that there was a significant interaction factor of stem juice ratio and heating on water soluble substrate (constant A) where heating at 90oC with ratio 1 : 2 (w/v) resulted in the highest a. The insoluble but fermentable substrate (B) was decreased by the increasing concentration of banana stem juice, while the rate of protein degradation of b fraction was lower compared to control. In conclusion, banana stem juice can reduce the rate of degradation of soy bean meal in the rumen. Key words: Degradation, Crude Protein, Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice

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