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The effect of feeding mixtures of banana trunk and soybean meal on lambs performance Mathius, I-W; Yulistiani, D; Puastuti, w; Martawidjaja, M
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 3 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

This study was intended to determine the effects of increasing the ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal on intake, nitrogen excretion and lambs performance. Sixteen lambs (averaging 21.21 + 1.69 kg) were pen individually and fed a basal diet consisted of chopped fresh king grass and commercial concentrate and unlimited access of water. Lambs were randomly assigned to one out of four different ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal as feed supplements, i.e. (R0) 0:1; (R1) 1:1; (R2) 2:1 and (R3) 4:1. Results showed that the inclusion of banana trunk had no adverse effect on lambs performance. As it is expected, altering the ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal increased (P < 0.05) dry matter intake of forage as well as total dry matter intake. The digestion coefficient of dietary ration was not affected (P >0.05) by feed supplement. Despite of no difference was observed in the coefficient of nitrogen digestibility, apparent fecal and urine N-output were significantly (P < 0.05) affected. The highest ratio of fed supplement (R3) tended to decrease nitrogen retention. Overall data indicated that lambs offered basal diet supplemented with R2 treatment accumulated more N per-day, than those fed other treatments, and consequently lambs performance was the best on those fed R2 treatment. Â Key words: Banana trunk, protected protein, lambs

The effect of dietary crude protein substitution as protected soybean meal on pregnant and lactating ewesâ performance Mathius, I-W; Yulistiani, D; Puastuti, W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 7, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Production respons was related to rumen undegradable protein feeding. Twenty-six local late pregnant ewes are penned individually and allocated to four dietary treatment groups of feed supplement, containing different amount of protected soybean meal and provided 0% (R1), 10% (R2) 20% (R3) and 40% (R4) crude protein of feed supplement respectively. Diets were fed until the first 8-week of lactation phase. Results showed that the mean of total dry matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was 3,42% of body weight (BW). Dietary treatments of protected-protein tended to increase daily mean intake of dry matter (P>0.05), ie. 76.9; 77.25; 77.49 and 78.81 g/kg BW 0.75 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. A similar trend was noted in daily intake of crude protein with the mean of 9.75; 10.31; 10,75 and 12.1 g/kg BW0.75 (for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively) and were not different significantly (P>0.05) among dietary treatments. Increasing the amount of protected-protein in the ration influenced (P<0.05) the daily live weight gain (ADG) of ewes during the late phase of gestation which was 104.4, 99.4, 120.8 and 148.14 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Feed efficiency (DMI/ADG) improved as substitution of protected-protein increased. The total birth weight of lambs (g/ewe) was not significantly different (P>0.05), by increasing level of protected-protein in the ration, averaging 3.2 kg/ewe. Increasing protected-protein, increased (P<0.05) the daily gain (g/ewe) of lambs during the first 8-week of lactation, and it was 127, 131, 165 and 211 g/ewe/d for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Consequently, the weaned weight at 8- week of ages increased significantly different (P<0.05) as the amount of protected-protein in the diet increased. Â Key words: Banana latex, protected-protein, ewes production

Intake and digestibility of untreated and urea treated rice straw base diet fed to sheep Yulistiani, D; Gallagher, J.R; Barneveld, R.J. Van
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Rice straw as one of agricultural by-products has low quality due to low content of essensial nutrients like protein, energy, minerals and vitamin as well as poor palatability and digestibility. Therefore, the quality of rice straw needs to be improved in order to increase its utilization by gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. The purpose of this study is to compare untreated and urea treated rice straw as basal diets for sheep. Twelve mature Merino wethers (average body weight 53.62 + 3.44 kg) were separated into 4 groups based on their live weight with each groups assigned three diets, that are: diet 1 untreated rice straw with high forage legume content, diet 2 urea ensiled rice straw and diet 3 rice straw sprayed with urea solution at feeding time. Diets were allocated based on a randomized complete block design. Urea ensiled rice straw was prepared by spraying chopped straw with urea solution to yield straw containing 4% urea and 40% moisture, then kept in air tight polythylene bags for 6 weeks. The untreated, ensiled and urea supplemented rice straw were mixed with other feed ingredients to provide isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets. Diets were formulated to meet maintenance requirement according to NRC. Sheep were adapted to experimental diets for 15 days, and after adaptation period, a metabolism trial was conducted. Results reveal that dry matter intake permetabolic body weight (DMI/W0.75), DE (digestible energi) intake and apparent digestibility of NDF (neutral detergent fibre) were not significantly different between diet 1 and diet 2. Apparent digestibility of DM (dry matter), OM (organic matter), and ADF (acid detergent fibre), as well as N retention were not significantly different between three diets. Positive result in N retention was only observed in diet 2, while others were negative. It may be concluded from this study that untreated rice straw basal diet supplemented with forage legume offer an alternative method other than urea ensiled for improving the nutritional value of rice straw as a ruminant feed on small farmer. Â Key words: Rice straw, urea treated, digestibility, and sheep

Biological value (in vitro and in sacco) of chemically treated feather as rumen by pass protein source Puastuti, W; Yulistiani, D; Mathius, I-W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A series of experiments has been conducted to study chemical processing method of feather meal using hydrocloric acid (HCl) and to evaluate the biological values by in vitro and is sacco methods of the hydrolitic feather meal (HBA). Feather meal was hydrolyzed using four levels of HCl concentration (i.e.0, 6, 12 and 24%) in three incubation times (i.e. 2, 4, and 6 days). The hydrolysis reaction was carried out in closed container in the ratio of feather meal and HCl of 2:1 (w/v). In vitro evaluation was conducted to measure dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, DM solubility, ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content. In sacco to observe the degradation of HBA crude protein. Results of in sacco evaluation in rumen showed that soluble and degraded crude proteins (CP) were significantly only affected by HCl concentration (P<0.01). The rate and the amount of degraded protein in 24 hours inclution in the rumen were affected by the HCl concentration and incubation time of hydrolysis. More amino acid degradation occurred on longer time showed that HCl had quadratic effect (P<0,01) on pH of HBA. However durations of hydrolysis did not significantly affect acidity (P>0.05). In vitro DM and OM digestibilities of HBA increased as the concentration of HCl was increased. The increase of DM digestibility followed the equation Y = -0.0231x3 + 0.7323x2 â 1.5716x + 12.383 (r = 0.994); and the OM digestibility followed the equation Y = -0.0229x3 + 0.7194x2 â 1.0606x + 15.951 (r = 0.993). Time of incubation, on the other hand, did not affect OM and DM digestibilities (P>0.05). DM solubility of HBA was significantly affected by HCl concentration and the length of incubation time (P<0.01). The increase of DM solubility was followed by the increase of NH3 content (P<0.01). The relation between DM solubility and NH3 content followed the equation Y = 0.4365x + 5.4047 (r = 0.966). The increase of DM solubility followed the equation Y = -0.027x3 + 0.9596x2 â 4.8142x + 5.3878 (r = 0.973) and the increase of NH3 content followed the equation Y = -0.0085x3 + 0.3175x2 â 1.4139x + 7.0889 (r = 0.992). Result of in sacco evaluation showed that fraction of crude protein (CP) disolved and fraction of CP degraded in rumen was significantly affected by HCl concentration (P<0.01), while the rate of CP degradation and the amount of fraction degraded during 24 hours in the rumen were affected by the HCl concentration and the durations of hydrolysis (P<0.01)Â indicating that more feather meal protein was hydrolized by HCl, therefore weakened or cut the chain of amino acid in the feather protein. Treatment with 12% HCl for 4 days hydrolysis of feather meal resulted in CP fraction degradation during 24 hours incubation in the rumen of 53%, indicating that the potency of CP of HBA as rumen by pass protein was 47%. Â Key words: Chicken feather, HCl hydrolysis, digestibility by pass protein

Banana stem juice protected soy bean meal as feed suplement to sheep: In sacco and in vivo Puastuti, W; Mathius, I-W; Yulistiani, D
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Protein with low resistant of rumen degradability must be protected, which part of its protein could reach post ruminal and able to supply amino acids for ruminant. The experiment was conducted to obtain the best ratio of soy bean meal with banana stem juice as feed supplement protecting protein. Rumen degradability using rumen fistulated sheep were evaluated in saccous at incubation times of 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours.Â The best ratio in the in sacco experiment was used for further in vivo experiment. Fifteen growing lambs with average live weight of 18.6 Â± 2.2 kg were grouped according to body weight in trial with a simple randomized design. Three treated rations were R0 = control diet with 0% protected soy bean meal, R50 = diet with 50% protected soy bean meal, and R100 = diet with 100% protected soy bean meal. All diets were iso nitrogen and iso energy (CP 18% and TDN 75%). Diet consisted approximately 30% king grass and 70% concentrate. The experimental diets were offered for 12 weeks. The result from in sacco experiment showed that the best ratio between soybean meal and banana stem juice was 2:1 w/v (R2). This mixture had the highest rumen undegradable dry matter and protein. Result from in vivo experiment showed that the intake and digestibility of dry matters, the intake and digestibility of crude protein. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter intakes and digestibilitie of crude protein, pH value, NH3-N, total bacteria, purin and total VFA in rumen fluid were not affected by feed supplement. The same average body weight at the beginning of study resulted same body weight at the end of study. The ADG of R50 and R100 (138.1 and 122.2 g) were respectively not different with the control, RO (120.9g). It was concluded that soy bean meal and banana stem juice 2:1 w/v was the best ratio, but as feed supplement with high resistant rumen degradable protein can not produce higher growth rate than the control group. Key Words: Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice, Protected Protein, Degradation

Effect of mixing banana stem juice and subsequent heating on rumen degradability of soy bean meal Yulistiani, D; Puastuti, W; Mathius, I.W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen degradability of soy bean meal when it was mixed with banana stem juice and was subsequently heated.Â Banana stem juice was used as source of tanin to protect protein in soy bean meal from degradation in the rumen. The banana stem juice (in volume) was mixed with soy bean meal at three ratio, which were 1 : 1, 1:2 and 1 : 3 (w/v). These mixing was then heated at 60oC and 90oC. The heating was done in an oven. Sample from each treatment was then filled into polyester bag with porosity of 45 mm and the size of 5 x 9 cm. The bags were incubated in the rumen of fistulated sheep for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The experiment was carried out in factorial 3 x 2, with three levels of banana stem juice and 2 levels of heating and was arranged in completely randomized design. Untreated soy bean meal was also incubated used asÂ control. Degradation data of dry matter and crude protein at each incubation time was fitted into exponential equation,Â P = a + b (1 - ect). Results shows that there was a significant interaction factor of stem juice ratio and heating on water soluble substrate (constant A) where heating at 90oC with ratio 1 : 2 (w/v) resulted in the highest a. The insoluble but fermentable substrate (B) was decreased by the increasing concentration of banana stem juice, while the rate of protein degradation of b fraction was lower compared to control. In conclusion, banana stem juice can reduce the rate of degradation of soy bean meal in the rumen. Key words: Degradation, Crude Protein, Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice

Improving microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed fresh tofu waste by crude tannin extract of Acacia mangium Wina, Elizabeth; Yulistiani, D; IWR, Susana; Tangendjaja, B
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Tannin can be found in many tropical plants and the presence of tannin may reduce the nutritional value of feed. However, it can give beneficial effect as it protects the protein from its excessive degradation in the rumen. Tofu waste is abundant in a country, including Indonesia, where tofu is produced widely. A feeding trial on sheep to study the effect of tannin on microbial protein synthesis and condition of rumen fermentation, digestibility and N retention of feed containing tofu waste was conducted. Fifteen sheep were allocated to one of 3 treatments, i.e: 1) control treatment, feed without tannin, 2) feed + tannin treatment and 3) feed + tannin + polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. The sheep was placed in the individual metabolism cage. They were fed with treatment feed for 14 days and then, the following 7 days, faeces and urine were collected. At the end of the treatment, rumen fluid was taken from each sheep before and after feeding. Rumen parameter (pH, ammonia, SCFA, protozoa) and microbial protein synthesis, digestibility, nitrogen retention were observed. Results showed that inclusion of 4% tannin in the feed depressed ammonia production in the rumen of sheep before and 3 hours after morning feeding. Total SCFA and individual SCFA were not different among treatments. Tannin did not affect daily feed intake. Tannin lowered the dry matter, organic matter and protein digestibilities but it significantly reduced ADF digestibility (P < 0.05) and tended to reduce NDF digestibility (P < 0.1). However, tannin increased the microbial protein synthesis. PEG addition was expected to bind tannin and alleviate the negative effect of tannin. Key Words: Tannin, Acacia Mangium, Polyethylene Glycol, Tofu waste, Digestibility

Ruminal fermentation response and nitrogen retention from sheep fed rumen undegradable protein Puastuti, Wisri; Yulistiani, D; Mathius, I.W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The utilization of rumen undegradable protein, could increase supply of amino acids in small intestine to meet host protein requirement. To increase the utilization of feed protein, feed protein source which is highly degradable should be protected from degradation in the rumen. The objective of the study was to increase nitrogen retention through substitution of fish meal protein with soy bean meal protected by banana stem juice observed from rumen fermentation activities. The study used 18 late pregnant Sumatera Composite breed ewes. Rations consisted of fresh chopped elephant grass, supplemented with a commercial concentrate and mineral block in the form of Comin plus and different types of protein supplement as treatment diets. The type of protein supplements were: soya bean meal (RK), soy bean meal protected with banana stem juice (RKT) and fish meal (RTI). Treatment diets were offered during late pregnancy (from two months before to two months after partus), two weeks adaptation period was carried out before data recording. Design of the study used randomized complete block design. Results of the study show that rumen ammonia concentration in sheep fed on RKT was not significantly different either from RTI or from RK, however, the nitrogen retention was significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments (4.92 g/h vs 12.52 g/h; 17.11 g/h). Total VFA production or the proportion of C3, iC4, iC5 and nC5 was not significantly different (P > 0.05), however, proportion of C2 and nC4 was significantly different between diet treatment. Methane emission was higher (70.3 mM or 37.2% higher from total energy VFA) in diet RKT which is indicated that fermentation system was not efficient. It can be concluded the higher rumen ammonia concentration and lower nitrogen retention in protected soy bean meal supplement indicated that soy bean meal protected by banana stem juice in the ration was not able to substitute fish meal protein which is resistance from degradation in the rumen. Key Words: Sheep, Rumen Fermentation, Rumen Undegradable Protein

The effects of inorganic and organic Zn, Cu and Mo supplementation to the in vitro digestibility of grass ., Supriyati; Yulistiani, D; Wina, E; Hamid, H; Haryanto, B
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 5, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The effects of inorganic and organic Zn, Cu and Mo supplementation to the in vitro digestibility of Elephant grass were studied in this trial. The in vitro trial used the TILLEY dan TERRY method modified by VAN SOEST with the incubation of the grass for 48 hours in sheep rumen liquor medium. Mineral added as fonn of organic and inorganic. The treatment of mineral inorganic supplementations were by adding single e1emen Cu, Zn and Mo and its combination. Mineral added was Zn (as chloride and sulphate salts) 5 ppm, Cu (sulphate salt) 0,1 ppm dan Mo (molybdate salt) 5 ppm, with 4 replicates. Meanwhile the organic minerals added were in the proteinate fonns. Parameter measured were in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), pH, VF A total and NH3. Statistical analysis was done by using Complete Split splitsplot design. The supplementation increased pH value, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD value (P<0,05) and decreased NH3 value. The highest IVDMD and IVOMD values obtained at the mixture supplementation of mineral Zn (as Zn S04), Cu and Mo, from 58,31 became 69.73% and 52.22 became 62.55% respectively for IVDMD and NOMD. pH value increased from 6.48 to 7.05 and ammonia content decreased from 1,17 to 0,14%. The organic mineral supplementation, en-proteinate dan Zn-proteinate showed that the adding of Zn, Zn and Mo, Zn and Cu also the combination of Zn, Cu and Mo, resulted in IVDMD values as 70.29; 69.97, 64.12 and 63.93%. Further more IVDMD value at the supplementation of Cu and the combination of Cu and Mo were 65.08 and 60,49%. It can be concluded that the supplementation of minerals in the form of inorganic or organic could improve the IVDMD values Â Key words: Three element, in vitro digestibility, sheep

Improving microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed fresh tofu waste by crude tannin extract of Acacia mangium Elizabeth Wina; D Yulistiani; Susana IWR; B Tangendjaja
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 17, No 3 (2012): SEPTEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Tannin can be found in many tropical plants and the presence of tannin may reduce the nutritional value of feed. However, it can give beneficial effect as it protects the protein from its excessive degradation in the rumen. Tofu waste is abundant in a country, including Indonesia, where tofu is produced widely. A feeding trial on sheep to study the effect of tannin on microbial protein synthesis and condition of rumen fermentation, digestibility and N retention of feed containing tofu waste was conducted. Fifteen sheep were allocated to one of 3 treatments, i.e: 1) control treatment, feed without tannin, 2) feed + tannin treatment and 3) feed + tannin + polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. The sheep was placed in the individual metabolism cage. They were fed with treatment feed for 14 days and then, the following 7 days, faeces and urine were collected. At the end of the treatment, rumen fluid was taken from each sheep before and after feeding. Rumen parameter (pH, ammonia, SCFA, protozoa) and microbial protein synthesis, digestibility, nitrogen retention were observed. Results showed that inclusion of 4% tannin in the feed depressed ammonia production in the rumen of sheep before and 3 hours after morning feeding. Total SCFA and individual SCFA were not different among treatments. Tannin did not affect daily feed intake. Tannin lowered the dry matter, organic matter and protein digestibilities but it significantly reduced ADF digestibility (P < 0.05) and tended to reduce NDF digestibility (P < 0.1). However, tannin increased the microbial protein synthesis. PEG addition was expected to bind tannin and alleviate the negative effect of tannin. Key Words: Tannin, Acacia Mangium, Polyethylene Glycol, Tofu waste, Digestibility

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