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Studi Arkeologi Eksperimental Teknik Pengeboran Gelang Batu dari Purbalingga Priyatno Hadi Sulistyarto; Lilin Kumala Pratiwi; Aldhi Wahyu Pratama; Salma Fitri Kusumastuti; Indah Asikin Nurani; Sofwan Noerwidi; Tedy Setyadi; Andreyas Eko Atmojo; Slamet Widodo; Ghusnul Assa Fuadillah
KALPATARU Vol. 30 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/kpt.v30i2.781

Abstract. The stone bracelet is a neolithic artifact crafted by drilling techniques. Traces of stone bracelet workshop activities in Central Java were found in Purbalingga, which is spread across the North Serayu Mountains between Kali Tungtunggunung and Kali Laban. This study is based on the previous research hypothesis, which states that the manufacture of stone bracelets is carried out by drilling techniques using bamboo wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). This study aims to prove this hypothesis. An experimental archaeological approach by conducting drilling experiments using several drill bits: iron drills, masonry/concrete iron drills, iron drills for natural stone, and bamboo drills. Meanwhile, the abrasive materials used are water, river sand, and quartz sand. The analysis was carried out by comparing the morphological and morphometric traces of the workings between artifacts and experimental results, based on microscopic observations with a magnification of 20x to 200x. Compared to the other drilling bits and abrasive materials, the experimental study revealed that bamboo drill bits, with quartz-sand and water as additional gritty material, showed the closest similarity.

ANALISIS CAKUPAN SITUS-SITUS PERMUKIMAN NEOLITIK DI BANYUWANGI SELATAN Sofwan Noerwidi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 33 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

Economic calculations as cost-benefit ratios are used by prehistoric people in exploiting their natural resources. This paper will discuss about landscape and natural resources to reconstruct the site catchment area which explored by Neolithic people at South Banyuwangi in prehistoric times. In the Site Catchment Analysis for traditional farmer, a preliminary of 1-km radius site catchment zone is the most basic or regular subsistence resources, and 5-km radii is largely the maximum limits of radius distance. Based on hypotheses of catchment zone, we analyzed its natural resource inside eachcatchment zone. This analysis conducted on landscape conditions (hills, plains, steep cliffs), water sources (springs, rivers and water basins). Comparison between environmental conditions inside the catchment zone and artifact findings (from survey and excavation work) is obtained to predict the site catchment pattern of Neolithic settlement sites at South Banyuwangi.

ANALISIS ”RANGKAIAN TAHAPAN OPERASIONAL” PEMBUATAN BELIUNG BATU DARI PERBENGKELAN NEOLITIK DI BANYUWANGI SELATAN Sofwan Noerwidi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 33 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

Prehistoric research in South Banyuwangi by the National Center of Archaeology of Yogyakarta Regional Office between 2008-2011 have found artifact assemblage which indicating stone tool workshop activities. The typology of artifacts which reflecting workshop activities, including; nucleus, percutor, debitage, rough adze, and polishing stone. This paper uses chaîne opératoire approach to reconstruct the producing process and technological aspects related to the manufacturing process of stone adze from neolithic workshop sites in the region. This study is expected to increasing our understanding on technological perspective in the manufacture of Neolithic stone tools, and to give some idea about the social aspects of life of Austronesian speaking people in Indonesia.

ALAT BATU SITUS SEMEDO: KERAGAMAN TIPOLOGI DAN DISTRIBUSI SPASIALNYA Sofwan Noerwidi; Siswanto Siswanto
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 34 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

Semedo site produces a huge number of stone artifacts. Until now, there are already find more than 500 pieces of stone artifact which majority use chert and silicified limestone as raw materials. This paper will discuses about typology diversity based on technological aspect and spatial distribution of its localities. Diversity aspect which discussed including; typo-technology, raw material, dimension, and its relation with lateral distribution in Semedo site. Genaraly, those artifacts could identified as two group, which are; massif and non-massif artifacts. Some localities which produce much number of stone artifacts are Rengas, Jurugan, Julang, and Kalen Kawi. Based on this analysis, the result took Semedo site on important position as part of Pleistocene sites which correlated with migration-colonisation of early human in Java.

FOSIL PROBOSCIDEA DARI SITUS SEMEDO: Hubungannya Dengan Biostratigrafi dan Kehadiran Manusia di Jawa Siswanto Siswanto; Sofwan Noerwidi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 34 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

Semedo site is rich on vertebrate fossils, with huge percentage come from Ordo Proboscidea. The aim of this paper is to identify the taxonomy of Proboscidean fossils important for reconstruction on Biostratigraphy of Java. This research uses a descriptive comparative method on morphological and morphometry characters, compared to similar data from Java and others related places. Based on this research we know that in Semedo site there are several species of Proboscidean, i.e.: Sinomastodon bumiayuensis, Stegodon trigonocephalus, Stegodon ”pygmy” semedoensis, Stegodon hypsilophus, Elephas (Archidiskodon) planifrons, and Elephas Hysudrindicus. This reflects that a long environmental changes or the history of ancient environment has been recorded in Semedo, related with ecological context of hominid appearance in this region.

REKONSTRUKSI ASPEK BIOLOGIS DAN KONTEKS BUDAYA RANGKA MANUSIA HOLOSEN, SONG KEPLEK 5 Sofwan Noerwidi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 32 No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

The Song Keplek 5 (SK5) specimen was found in 1998 at the Song Keplek site, located in the Gunung Sewu (Southern Mountains) karst region, East Java. SK5 is a burial dated within direct sample with an AMS date from its fragments bones of c. 3053 ± 65 calBP (AA96775). This paper will discuss the archaeological and biological context of SK 5. Biological information includes estimation of age, sex determination, height, and any indicators of systemic pathology. Discussion of archaeological context will include cultural practices during this individual’s life, and subsequent funerary practices post-mortem. This exploration of the cultural and biological context of SK 5 will not only begin to flesh out an “osteobiography” for this individual, but also improve our understanding of living conditions during the mid Holocene in Java, in the time of early Austronesian occupation in this island.

EKSPLOITASI FAUNA DI SITUS LIANGAN, TEMANGGUNG: KAJIAN ARKEOZOOLOGI Sofwan Noerwidi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 37 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

Liangan is a settlement site of Old Mataram in periodic of VI-X AD. Various aspects of ancient Javanese culture has been recovered from Liangan site, but has never been examined the relationship between human and fauna in the past. The study aims to determine the pattern of faunal exploitation through archaeozoological approach, which use ecofact (faunal bones and teeth) that were found in the 2016 excavation campaign. This study conducts qualitative analysis of morphological character of the bones and teeth. Archaeozoological study is covering biological aspects of fauna, and cultural aspects related to human activity. These aspects are including anatomical preservation condition, taphonomy (deposition process), taxonomy (species), age estimation and faunal diet pattern. In the result, mainly bones and teeth are identified as buffalo (Bubalus sp). Taphonomical preservation condition of buffalo bone indicating faunal exploitation for human consumption. The climatic condition of Sindoro highland which is not buffalo’s natural habitat indicates an intensive human intervention as domestication. This study shows that buffalo on Liangan site eat more leaves as browser which probably supplied by human.

GLOBALISASI, PELAYARAN-PERDAGANGAN DAN DIVERSITAS POPULASI: STUDI SISA MANUSIA SITUS LERAN, REMBANG, JAWA TENGAH Sofwan Noerwidi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 37 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

The issue of globalization is booming recently, but it is not really a new thing in the history of human civilization. However, the issue of globalization in the past, -particularly in Archaeological perspective- is not too much discussed among social sciences in Indonesia. This paper aims to open the isolation by understanding the processes of globalization and its correlation to the maritime trade through archaeological data based on human remains from Leran burial site, Rembang, Central Java. Research method used in this paper is Bioarchaeological approach based on dental metric and non-metric characters analysis which performed to determine the biological affinity of Leran people in comparison with some samples from surrounding area. The result could be seen that the Leran population has a fairly diverse biological affinity which correlated to the strategic position of this site in the ancient global network of maritime trade.

PRIMATA BESAR DI JAWA: SPESIMEN BARU GIGANTOPITHECUS DARI SEMEDO Sofwan Noerwidi; Siswanto; Harry Widianto
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 36 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

In 2014 there was found two "enigmatic" specimens of mandible, which named as Semedo 3417 and 3418. Both mandibles are morphologically similar but twice bigger than common primate’s jaw. In this research, we use morphology and morphometric analysis to determine the species identity and taxonomic position of those specimens. For comparison study we use some samples from Homo erectus (Java and China), Gigantopithecus (blacki and bilaspurensis), Australopithecines (robust and gracile). Based on morphology and morphometric characters on the mandible and teeth, it is concluded that Semedo specimen tends to be close to Gigantopithecus blacki. The discoveries of Gigantopithecus fossil in Java has implication on some research problem, especially regarding the adaptation pattern of this species which known only found at high latitudes environment. Furthermore this discovery has reinforced the perspective that tropical environment has a very high biodiversity, particularly on primate fossils.

MENGARUNGI GARIS WALLACE: Awal Migrasi Manusia dari Paparan Sunda menuju Kawasan Wallacea Sofwan Noerwidi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol 28 No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta

Human migration in prehistoric times strongly suggest very complex problems, which could be explained from various perspectives. This article attempts to explain fundamental aspect influencing the pattern of human migration in prehistoric times from Sunda Continent to Wallacean Zone. These aspects are, for example, environment, technology, culture and human being as a decision maker. Reconstructing interisland migration pattern of homo sapiens of hunter gatherer is not as easy as imagining interisland closest lines. This is because the focus of modern human migration is to search for a new area for exploiting natural resources.

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