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All Journal Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Jurnal Agrotropika
Bambang S. Purwoko
Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Raya Darmaga, Bogor 16680
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN INHIBITION OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON RICE ANTHER CULTURE DEVELOPMENT Dewi, Iswari S.; Purwoko, Bambang S.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 2 (2008): October 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and sperminewere reported to increase green plant regeneration in rice antherculture. Low response of anther culture of rice sub-speciesindica may be improved with the addition of putrescine in theculture media. Four experiments were conducted to study therole of polyamines in inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis andtheir effects on rice anther culture development. Anthers oftwo subspecies of rice, indica (IR64, Krowal, Jatiluhur) andjaponica (Taipei 309) were cultured onto media supplementedwith putrescine (N6P) and without putrescine (N6). Youngpanicles containing the anthers at mid-to-late nucleatemicrospores were cold pretreated at 5 + 2°C and incubated inthe dark for 8 days before the anthers were cultured. Resultsshowed that medium without putrescine produced an earliersenescence of indica rice anther than that of japonica. Theaddition of 10-3 M putrescine into the culture media inhibitedethylene biosynthesis as anther senescence delayed, increasedthe three polyamines contents, and decreased the ACC contentas well as ACC oxydase activity in anther-derived calli. In theanther and anther-derived calli of subspecies indica, the totalpolyamines content was lower (10.14 nM g-1 anther and 8.48 nMg-1 calli) than that of subspecies japonica (12.61 nM g-1 antherand 10.16 nM g-1 calli), whereas the ethylene production washigher (32.31 nM g-1 anther and 2.48 nM g-1 calli) than thejaponica (31.68 nM g-1 anther and 1.76 nM g-1 calli). This studysuggests that application of 10-3 M putrescine in anther cultureof rice subspecies indica improves androgenesis by inhibitingearly senescence of cultured anthers and enhancing embryo orcallus formation from microspores.
PENGARUH APLIKASI ASAM GIBERELIN (GA3) TERHADAP HASIL BENIH PADI HIBRIDA Susilawati, Pepi Nur; Surahman, Memen; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Suharsi, Tatiek K; Satoto, ,
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 2 (2014): Juli 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

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The Effect of Giberelin Acid (GA3) Application to Seed Yield of Hybrid Rice. Seed yield of rice hybrid on three line system has weakness in panicle exertion and outcrossing that cause low yield.  GA3 has been proved to increase the seed set through increasing panicle exertion and improved outcrossing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of GA3 application to increase seed yield of hybrid rice (F1). The study was conducted in Singamerta Experimental Farm, Banten Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology from May to October 2013. The experiment was arranged in a split plot designed with four replications. The main plot were parental lines (cytoplasmic male sterility/CMS and restorer/R) of hybrid i.e. HIPA 8 (A1 and BP51-1), HIPA 6 (A2 and B8094), HIPA Jatim 3 (A6 and PK88) and HIPA 14 SBU (A7 and BH33d-Mr-57-1-2-2). Sub plot were the  frequency of GA3 treatments i.e. control (W0), two (W1), and three (W3) times application of GA3. GA3 dosage was 200 ppm, the best dose from the previous studies. The results showed that the GA3 applications increased plant height, stigma exertion, panicle exertion, duration of floret opening and panicle length. Two times application (W1) of  GA3  gave the best results as indicated by the highest seed yield (1429 kg/ha) that was better than three times application of GA3 that gave seed yield 1215 kg/ha and control with yield of 703 kg/ha.Keywords : GA3, hybrid rice, seed yieldABSTRAKHasil benih padi hibrida sistem tiga galur memiliki kelemahan, yaitu rendahnya eksersi malai dan tingkat penyerbukan silang,sehingga hasilnya rendah. Percobaan terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi GA3 dapat meningkatkan hasil melalui peningkatan eksersi malai dan penyerbukan silang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi aplikasi GA3 terhadap peningkatan hasil benih padi hibrida (F1). Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Singamerta, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Banten pada Mei sampai Oktober 2013. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan empat ulangan. Petak utama yaitu tetua padi hibrida (galur mandul jantan/GMJ dan restorer) yaitu HIPA 8 (A1 dan  BP51-1), HIPA 6 (A2 dan B8094), HIPA Jatim 3 (A6 dan PK88) dan HIPA 14 SBU (A7 dan BH33d-Mr-57-1-2-2). Anak petak ialah tiga taraf frekuensi penyemprotan GA3 terdiri atas : kontrol (W0), dua kali aplikasi (W1) dan tiga kali aplikasi (W2). Dosis GA3 yang digunakan adalah 200 ppm yang merupakan konsentrasi terbaik dari hasil penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi GA3 mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, eksersi malai, eksersi stigma dan durasi bunga membuka dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil yang terbaik dicapai pada perlakuan GA3 dengan dua kali aplikasi (W1). Hasil benih  pada perlakuan W1 mencapai 1429 kg/ha, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan aplikasi tiga kali GA3 (1215 kg/ha) dan kontrol (703 kg/ha).Kata kunci : GA3, padi hibrida, hasil benih
MODEL PENDUGAAN KANDUNGAN AIR, LEMAK DAN ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA TIGA PROVENAN BIJI JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI INFRAMERAH DEKAT DENGAN METODE PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (PLS) LENGKEY, LADY C. E. CH.; BUDIASTRA, I WAYAN; SEMINAR, KUDANG B.; PURWOKO, BAMBANG S.
853-8212
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

ABSTRAKJarak pagar berpotensi sebagai sumber biodiesel karena kandunganlemak yang tinggi (>40%) dan belum ada penggunaan lainnya.Spektroskopi (Near Infrared) NIR adalah metode yang cepat untukmengukur spektrum sampel dan tidak terdapat limbah kimia. Tujuanpenelitian adalah mengembangkan metode pendugaan komposisi kimiabeberapa  provenan  jarak  pagar  berdasarkan  spektroskopi  NIRmenggunakan kalibrasi PLS. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan tigaprovenan jarak pagar yaitu IP-3A, IP-3M, dan IP-3P masing-masing 85sampel. Spektrum reflektansi diukur menggunakan alat NIRFlex SolidsPetri pada panjang gelombang 1000–2500 nm. Sekitar ⅔ jumlah sampeldigunakan untuk mengembangkan persamaan kalibrasi dan ⅓ jumlahsampel untuk validasi. Pra perlakuan data spektrum dilakukan dengannormalisasi antara 0-1, turunan pertama Savitzky-Golay 9 titik dangabungan keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektroskopi NIRdapat menduga kadar air, lemak, dan asam lemak bebas . Koefisienkorelasi (r) antara komponen kimia metode acuan dengan dugaan NIR>0,83 menunjukkan ketepatan model cukup baik (r kadar air=0,96, r kadarlemak=0,92, dan r ALB=0,89 ). Konsistensi model kalibrasi kadarair=94,85%, lemak=82,56%, dan ALB=87,80%. Koefisien keragamandugaan (Prediction Coeficient Variability/PCV) ketiga model <10%menunjukkan model yang dibangun cukup handal. Ratio of standard errorprediction to deviation (RPD) menunjukkan metode spektroskopi NIRdapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar air (RPD=3,30) dan lemak(RPD=2,06). Model-model yang dikembangkan secara umum layakuntuk menentukan kadar air dan lemak biji jarak pagar, tetapi belumoptimal untuk penentuan kadar ALB biji jarak pagar.Kata kunci: NIR , jarak pagar, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar asam lemakbebasABSTRACTPhysic nut is a potential source of biodiesel. It is high in fat content,above 40% and has not been usesed for other purposes. Moisture, free fattyacid, and fat content are the chemical compounds and determinant factorfor physic nut seed quality. The objective of this study was to develop amethod to predict chemical composition of physic nut by NIRspectroscopy and PLS calibration. The study was conducted using threeprovenances of physic nut, i.e. IP-3A, IP-3M, and IP-3P, with 85 sampleseach. The wavelengths of near infrared reflectance ranged from 1000 to2500 nm, and measured by NIR Flex Solids Petri Apparatus.Approximately ⅔ of total samples were used for developing calibrationequation, while ⅓ of total samples for performing validation. Pre-treatmentof spectrum data was done by applying normalization, first derivative ofSavitzky–Golay 9 points, and as well as their combination. The resultsshowed that NIR spectroscopy performed acceptable prediction formoisture and fat content. Correlation coefficients (r) between the referencemethod and NIR prediction were 0.96 for moisture content, 0.92 for fatcontent, and 0.89 for FFA and the consistency of the model were 94.85%for moisture content, 82.56% for fat, and 87.80% for FFA. Prediction ofcoefficient of variability (PCV) of the three models ≤10 % shows that themodels are reliable. Ratio of standard error prediction to deviation (RPD)for moisture content has the potential to be used for screening (RPD=3.30)though the fat content model has rough screening (RPD=2.06).Key words: NIR, physic nut, moisture, fat, free fatty acid contents.
EFEKTIVITAS FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR DENGAN PROVENAN JARAK PAGAR PADA CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN Lapanjang, Iskandar M.; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Hariyadi, Hariyadi; Wilarso, Sri; Melati, Maya
JURNAL AGROTROPIKA Vol 16, No 1 (2011): Agrotropika Vol.16 No.1 2011
Publisher : JURNAL AGROTROPIKA

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Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) to make a symbiosis with physic nuts under drought stress condition. The experiment was carried out in plastic house in Kota Palu, Central Sulawesi, from October 2008 to January 2009. The experiment used completely randomized block design with 3 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was AMF type i.e. without AMF, AMF Glomus sp-1p, AMF Acaulospora sp-1p, and mixture of Glomus sp-1p and Acaulospora sp-1p. The second factor was the provenances of physic nut i.e. Palu, NTB, IP-1A, and IP-1P. The third factor was soil water content i.e. 80 and 40% of field capacity. The results showed that the application of AMF resulted in better growth of all provenances especially ecotype IP-1P, which was sensitive to drought, compared to control (without AMF). At 40% field capacity, mixture of Glomus sp-1p and Acaulospora sp-1p. was more effective compared to single AMF in improving plant growth. The highest AMF infection was found in ecotype Palu inoculated with mixture of Glomus sp-1p and Acaulospora sp-1p. Key words: infection level, Glomus, Acaulospora
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Gogo Haploid Ganda Toleran Naungan dalam Sistem Tumpang sari Sasmita, Priatna; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Sujiprihati, S.; Hanarida, I.; Dewi, I. S.; Chozin, M. A.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 34 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (59.05 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v34i2.1283

Abstract

Three doubled haploid (DH) upland rice lines obtained from anther culture having good agronomic and shade  tolerant traits were planted in an intercropping with maize. Their  monoculture systems were also included.  Those lines were GI-8, IG-19, and IW-56. Jatiluhur was also treated similar as shade tolerant control cultivar. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of eight intercropping systems, four monoculture systems of rice, and two monoculture systems of maize. The result showed that all of tested DH lines were consistently shade tolerant under intercropping condition. The characteristics was represented by  similar growth and grain yield with  Jatiluhur under  intercroping system. The highest grain yield was 2.49 t/ha resulted by GI-8 and IG-19 lines  at the time that Jatiluhur was 2.36 t/ha. The intercropping of DH lines with  maize also showed the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) =1.33-1.58, while Jatiluhur LER = 1.25-1.28, indicating that agronomically they were more advantageous than those in the monoculture system.   Key words :  Doubled haploid,, intercropping system, shade tolerant lines
Kandungan Beberapa Zat Endogen pada Buah Retensi dan Buah akan Rontok pada Mangga Sakhidin, Sakhidin; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Yahya, Sudirman; Poerwanto, R.; Susanto, Slamet; Abidin, A. S.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 34 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (45.843 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v34i2.1287

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between fruit drop  and contents of auxin, polyamines, ACC, total sugar, and starch. Cultivars of mango used were Gadung 21 and Lalijiwo.The persisting fruit and abscising fruits were used to quantify auxin, polyamine, ACC, total sugar, and starch.  The content of polyamine and ACC was determined on pericarp, auxin on seed, whereas the content of starch and total sugar was determined on mesocarp. The result of research showed that fruit drop was preceded by low content of auxin that increased the sensitivity of abscission zone to ethylene.  The increased sensitivity of abscission zone to ethylene was supported by low content of polyamine and  high content of ACC. The abscising fruit has high content of starch, but low in  total sugar content.   Key words : Mango, persisting fruit, abscising fruit, auxin, polyamine, ACC, total sugar, starch
Penapisan Galur Haploid Ganda Padi Gogo Hasil Kultur Antera untuk Toleransi terhadap Cekaman Aluminium Bakhtiar, ,; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Trikoesoemaningtyas, ,; Chozin, M. A.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (56.459 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i1.1304

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most important yield-limiting factors for upland rice grown on acid soils. Since many small farmers may have difficulty in soil liming, the genotypes tolerant to soil acidity and aluminum toxicity should be developed. Anther culture can substantially speed up new variety development through recombination of parental characters in early generations and immediately homozygous lines were upon chromosome doubling. The Doubled haploid (DH) rice lines were screened under both nutrient solution containing either 0 or 45 ppm Al and acid soils containing either low or high-Al saturation. The relative root length (RRL) was determined at 14-day-old stage to characterize genotypes for Al-tolerance in nutrient solution. The relative grain weight (RGW) was determined to characterize genotypes for Al-tolerance in soils conditions. The results of this study indicated that Al reduced root elongation. The differential tolerance for Al among genotypes was found to be highly significant for RRL. Of the 120 genotypes tested, 16, 77 and 27 genotypes were found to be Al-tolerance, moderate and sensitive in term of RRL respectively. KRGM4, JTGR13, JTGR17, JTGR18, JTKR1, JTKR5, GRGM4, GRGM6, GRGM9, GRGM14, GRGM25, GRJT11 and SGJT27 lines were consitently Al-tolerance under both nutrient solution and acid soils. The RRL of doubled haploid upland rice lines in nutrient solutions were strongly correlated with RGW in acid soils.   Key words: Rice, doubled haploid, aluminum tolerance, relative root length, relative grain weight
Regenerasi Tanaman pada Kultur Antera Padi: Pengaruh Persilangan dan Aplikasi Putresin Dewi, Iswari S.; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Aswidinnoor, Hajrial; Somantri, Ida H.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (67.406 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i2.1313

Abstract

The efficient use of anther culture in crop improvement depends on the success of plant regeneration techniques and the recovery of sufficient number of either green haploid plants that may be artificially or spontaneously doubled yielding homozygous diploid pure lines in first generation.  Putrescine, one of growth regulator polyamines, was known as essential factor in embryogenesis on various plant tissues.  The objective of this research was to study the effect of crosses and putrescine application on certain stages of culture most efficient in increasing green plant regeneration.  The experiment was arranged factorially. The first factor was reciprocal crosses of Taipei 309 to Asemandi and Asemandi to Taipei 309.  The second factor was application of putrescine consisted of control (M0: N6 induction medium and MS regeneration medium); M1: N6 induction medium,  MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine;  M2: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium;  and M3: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine.  The results indicated that the addition of 10-3 M putrescine into callus induction and plant regeneration media was the best in increasing number and percentage of responding anther, callus formation, responding calli, green plants and number of total plants.  Rice anther culture efficiency, which was indicated by ratio of green plant to responding calli and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated, was also increased by the addition of 10-3 M putrescine. At that best treatment maternal effect showed in number of calli producing green plantlets, number of green plantlets, and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated. F1 from Taipei309/Asemandi was better  than F1 from Asemandi/Taipei30.   Key words :  Rice, anther culture, putrescine, green plant, reciprocal crosses
Pertumbuhan, Serapan Hara dan Kualitas Turfgrass pada Beberapa Dosis Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza Guntoro, Dwi; Purwoko, Bambang S.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (40.528 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i2.1323

Abstract

The objective of the research was to study the effect of mycorrhiza dosage on nutrient uptake, growth and turfgrass quality.  The research was conducted at IPB turfgrass experimental farm, Darmaga, Bogor.  The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications.  The treatment consisted of five dosages of mycorrhiza (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 g per pot).  The result showed that application of mycorrhiza at 300 g per pot increased coverage area and dry weight of clipping, and decreased vertical height, but it did not significantly increase nutrient uptake and quality of turfgrass compared to control.   Key words :  Mycorrhiza, turfgrass, growth, nutrient uptake, quality
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Genotipe Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) untuk Toleransi terhadap Cekaman Aluminium Purnomo, D. Wasgito; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Yahya, Sudirman; Sujiprihati, Sriani; Mansur, Irdika
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (57.048 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i3.1329

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate growth and yield in response to aluminum (Al) stress in several genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.).  The research was  conducted in University Farm of IPB, Cikabayan, Bogor from February to August 2006.  Ultisol soils from Gajrug (Lebak, Banten) in polybag with pH 4.2, Al-dd 30.08 me/ 100 g and Al-saturated 83.81% was used in this experiment.  Eight genotypes of chilli (4 tolerant and 4sensitive) were tested on two different conditions, in media without Al-stress condition (Al-saturated 0.77%) and wich Al-stress (Al-saturated 60.85%).  Characters observed were plant height, shoot dry-weight, total number of fruits per plant, number of fruit harvested per plant, fruit dimension (length and diameter), fruit weight harvested per plant, and weight of each fruit.  The results showed that there were differences of response to Al-stress among genotypes on the study.  PBC 619 and Jatilaba were selected as tolerant genotypes, while Cilibangi 3 and Helm were sensitive.  This evaluation of agronomic characters for tolerant and sensitive to Al-stress appeared very consistent with root bioassay results.  Based on this result, the root bioassay method can be used to select chili genotypes for Al-stress tolerance.   Key words:  Growth and yield evaluation,  aluminum stress, Capsicum annuum, ultisol soil.
Co-Authors , Amisnaipa , Hariyadi , Hasnam , Satoto A. S. Abidin Achmad Surkati Agatha Widhi B Ahmad Surkati ALEX HARTANA Aris Munandar Bambang B. Santoso Buang Abdullah D. Wasgito Purnomo Diah Juniarti Dwi Guntoro Dyah Sri Sulistiyani Edi Santosa Fera Santi Magdalena Fitmawati Fitmawati HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR Hariyadi3, , I NYOMAN RAI I Wayan Budiastra I. Hanarida I. S. Dewi Ida H. Somantri Ince Raden Indrastuti A. Rumanti Irdika Mansur Iskandar M. Lapanjang Iswari S. Dewi Ketut Suryana Lady Lengkey Latifah K. Darusman Livy W. Gunawan Loyd E. Powell M A Chozin Maya Melati Memen Surahman Muhammad Syakir Munif Ghulamahdi Nurul Khumaida P. Fitradesi Pepi Nur Susilawati Priatna Sasmita R. Poerwanto Ramdan Hidayat Reny Herawati Roedhy Poerwanto Roedy Poerwanto S. Gunadi S. Sujiprihati Sakhidin Sakhidin Semin Semin Slamet Susanto Sri S. Harjadi Sri Wilarso Sri Wilarso Budi SRIANI SUJIPRIHATI Sudarsono Sudirman Yahya Suhirman, Suhirman Tatiek K Suharsi Trikoesoemaningtyas Yeni Yudhiani Yoga Yuniadi Yusuf L. Limbongan