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MODEL PENDUGAAN KANDUNGAN AIR, LEMAK DAN ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA TIGA PROVENAN BIJI JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI INFRAMERAH DEKAT DENGAN METODE PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (PLS) LENGKEY, LADY C. E. CH.; BUDIASTRA, I WAYAN; SEMINAR, KUDANG B.; PURWOKO, BAMBANG S.
853-8212
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

ABSTRAKJarak pagar berpotensi sebagai sumber biodiesel karena kandunganlemak yang tinggi (>40%) dan belum ada penggunaan lainnya.Spektroskopi (Near Infrared) NIR adalah metode yang cepat untukmengukur spektrum sampel dan tidak terdapat limbah kimia. Tujuanpenelitian adalah mengembangkan metode pendugaan komposisi kimiabeberapa  provenan  jarak  pagar  berdasarkan  spektroskopi  NIRmenggunakan kalibrasi PLS. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan tigaprovenan jarak pagar yaitu IP-3A, IP-3M, dan IP-3P masing-masing 85sampel. Spektrum reflektansi diukur menggunakan alat NIRFlex SolidsPetri pada panjang gelombang 1000–2500 nm. Sekitar ⅔ jumlah sampeldigunakan untuk mengembangkan persamaan kalibrasi dan ⅓ jumlahsampel untuk validasi. Pra perlakuan data spektrum dilakukan dengannormalisasi antara 0-1, turunan pertama Savitzky-Golay 9 titik dangabungan keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektroskopi NIRdapat menduga kadar air, lemak, dan asam lemak bebas . Koefisienkorelasi (r) antara komponen kimia metode acuan dengan dugaan NIR>0,83 menunjukkan ketepatan model cukup baik (r kadar air=0,96, r kadarlemak=0,92, dan r ALB=0,89 ). Konsistensi model kalibrasi kadarair=94,85%, lemak=82,56%, dan ALB=87,80%. Koefisien keragamandugaan (Prediction Coeficient Variability/PCV) ketiga model <10%menunjukkan model yang dibangun cukup handal. Ratio of standard errorprediction to deviation (RPD) menunjukkan metode spektroskopi NIRdapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar air (RPD=3,30) dan lemak(RPD=2,06). Model-model yang dikembangkan secara umum layakuntuk menentukan kadar air dan lemak biji jarak pagar, tetapi belumoptimal untuk penentuan kadar ALB biji jarak pagar.Kata kunci: NIR , jarak pagar, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar asam lemakbebasABSTRACTPhysic nut is a potential source of biodiesel. It is high in fat content,above 40% and has not been usesed for other purposes. Moisture, free fattyacid, and fat content are the chemical compounds and determinant factorfor physic nut seed quality. The objective of this study was to develop amethod to predict chemical composition of physic nut by NIRspectroscopy and PLS calibration. The study was conducted using threeprovenances of physic nut, i.e. IP-3A, IP-3M, and IP-3P, with 85 sampleseach. The wavelengths of near infrared reflectance ranged from 1000 to2500 nm, and measured by NIR Flex Solids Petri Apparatus.Approximately ⅔ of total samples were used for developing calibrationequation, while ⅓ of total samples for performing validation. Pre-treatmentof spectrum data was done by applying normalization, first derivative ofSavitzky–Golay 9 points, and as well as their combination. The resultsshowed that NIR spectroscopy performed acceptable prediction formoisture and fat content. Correlation coefficients (r) between the referencemethod and NIR prediction were 0.96 for moisture content, 0.92 for fatcontent, and 0.89 for FFA and the consistency of the model were 94.85%for moisture content, 82.56% for fat, and 87.80% for FFA. Prediction ofcoefficient of variability (PCV) of the three models ≤10 % shows that themodels are reliable. Ratio of standard error prediction to deviation (RPD)for moisture content has the potential to be used for screening (RPD=3.30)though the fat content model has rough screening (RPD=2.06).Key words: NIR, physic nut, moisture, fat, free fatty acid contents.
Akuisisi Spektrum Near Infrared Reflectance pada Biji Kakao Zulfahrizal, Zulfahrizal; Sutrisno, Sutrisno; Seminar, Kudang B.; Munawar, Agus A.
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Akuisisi spektrum Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) untuk produk olahan kakao telah banyak dilakukan dalam berbagai penelitian namun untuk biji kakao utuh masih belum dilakukan. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan teknik akuisisi spektrum NIRS untuk mendeteksi tingkat fermentasi biji kakao dan menentukan selang panjang gelombang yang mengandung informasi kualitas biji kakao secara nondestruktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember-Indonesia dan Georg August University of Göttingen di Göttingen-Jerman pada Juli 2012 sampai Februari 2013. Penelitian menggunakan Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) dan Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SGs) dan derivative pertama (D1), derivative kedua (D2) sebagai metode koreksi spektrum dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) sebagai metode pengolah data spektrum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akuisisi spektrum NIRS pada biji kakao tumpukan mampu menggantikan akuisisi NIRS pada biji kakao individu. NIRS juga diketahui mampu membedakan tingkat fermentasi pada biji dan bubuk kakao. Melalui studi ini ditemukan juga selang panjang gelombang yang dapat mengidentifikasikan kualitas kakao sehingga dapat digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam pengembangan model identifikasi kualitas kakao.Kata Kunci: Biji kakao, NIRS, metode nondestruktifNear Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) spectra acquisition for processed cocoa products has been widely applied in various studies. The application of this method for whole intact cocoa beans is however scarce. The objectives of this research were to develop a spectral acquisition technique of NIRS to detect fermentation level of cocoa beans and determine the wavelength range interval containing cocoa bean quality information nondestructively. This research was performed in Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember-Indonesia for fermentation treatment and Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany for spectra acquisition. These were conducted from July 2012 to February 2013. Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Standard Normal variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay Smoothing (SGS) and spectra transformation into its first and second derivative (D1 and D2 respectively) were used as spectral pre-processing method whilst principal component analysis (PCA) was applied as a method of data processing. The results showed that NIRS spectrum acquisition on bulk of cocoa beans could replace NIRS acquisition on the individual beans. NIRS is able to distinguish the fermentation stages both in cocoa beans and cocoa powder. The study also found several NIR wavelength range interval associated with cocoa quality so that it can be used for further studies to develop cocoa quality attributes prediction models.
Pengaruh Perubahan Bentuk Intake Manifold Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Motor Diesel Dengan Metode Simulasi Daniel Fr Sinaga; Semin Semin Sanuri
Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM), ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (365.677 KB) | DOI: 10.12962/j23373539.v3i1.5765

Abstract

Berbagai modifikasi pada mesin diesel dewasa ini telah banyak dilakukan. Mesin diesel mengalami pemodifikasian tidak lain adalah untuk meningkatkan unjuk kerja atau performa. Bagian mesin diesel yang paling banyak dimodifikasi adalah Intake Manifold. Pada permukaan dalam intake manifold ditambahkan pelat yang berbentuk ulir. Penambahan ulir akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya turbulensi aliran udara (swirl) yang akan masuk ke dalam ruang bakar. Semakin meningkatnya turbulensi aliran udara yang mengalir ke ruang bakar menghasilkan pencampuran udara dan bahan bakar yang lebih baik sehingga kualitas proses pembakaran akan semakin baik. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil analisa aliran yang dilakukan pada software. Dengan memodifikasi Intake Manifold dapat meningkatkan performa mesin diesel dimana terjadi pengurangan pembentukan jelaga pada gas buang, meningkatkan efisiensi konsumsi bahan bakar yang diuji lansung pada mesin diesel. Hasil terbaik dari pengujian diperoleh penggunaan ulir dengan panjang gelombang 100 mm.
Analisa Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Bioethanol Dari Batang Padi Sebagai Campuran Pada Bensin Andre Dwiky Kurniawan; Semin Semin Sanuri
Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM), ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (260.784 KB) | DOI: 10.12962/j23373539.v3i1.5767

Abstract

Kandungan minyak bumi didunia semakin menipis, karena semakin bertambahnya kebutuhan manusia terhadap penggunaan  minyak bumi sebagai bahan bakar. Dengan kondisi yang semakin menipis ini, cadangan minyak diprediksi hanya cukup untuk beberapa tahun ke depan. Semakin menipisnya kandungan minyak bumi menyebabkan harga bahan bakar melambung tinggi. Indonesia merupakan negara yang mempunyai sumber daya alam yang melimpah.  Banyak kekayaan alam yang terdapat di Indonesia, dimana sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu urat nadi bangsa Indonesia.  Sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang mempunyai peranan strategis dalam struktur pembangunan perekonomian nasional. Melimpahnya sumber daya alam dan semakin menipisnya kandungan minyak bumi di Indonesia mendorong manusia beralih menggunakan bahan bakar alternative yang ramah lingkungan dan mempunyai jumlah atau stok yang banyak.  Bahan bakar yang berasal dari alam disebut bioethanol.  Salah satu sumber daya alam yang bisa digunakan untuk dijadikan bahan bakar yaitu Batang padi.  Pada saat panen padi para petani hanya mengambil biji atau berasnya saja, sekam dan batang padi hasil panen dibuang begitu saja padahal sekam dan batang padi bisa digunakan untuk membuat bahan bakar alternative yaitu bioethanol. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana pembuatan bioethanol dari batang padi, kandungan ethanol dalam batang padi, uji performa mesin otto dengan variasi konsentrasi bahan bakar bensin dengan etanol dengan variasi 100% Bensin, 75% Bensin + 25%Etanol, 50% Bensin + 50% Etanol, 25% Bensin + 75% Etanol dan 100% Etanol. Serta dengan variasi pembebanan yaitu dengan menggunakan beban 500, 1000, 1500, 2000,2500 watt. Selain itu juga dilakukan penelitian emisi yang dihasilkan oleh bahan bakar bioethanol. Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan bahan bakar bioethanol memilki kandungan ethanol sebesar 95% dan hasil uji performa dari mesin otto dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi bahan bakar dan variasi pembebanan menunjukkan bahwa Daya, RPM, Torsi dan SFOC dari penggunaan variasi bahan bakar dan pembebanan menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter tersebut mengalami peningkatan apabila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan bahan bakar bensin. Selain itu dari segi emisi yang dihasilkan, emisi NOx mengalami peningkatan.
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN KOTORAN SAPI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS MURAH DAN TERBARUKAN UNTUK RUMAH TANGGA DI BOYOLALI Semin Semin; A.Z.M. Fathallah; B. Cahyono; I.M. Ariana; Sutikno Sutikno
SITEKIN: Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri Vol 11, No 2 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/sitekin.v11i2.749

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Penggunaan bahan bakar yang berasal dari perut bumi berupa minyak dan gas alam, kian lama dirasakan semakin menipis persediaannya. Persediannya di Indonesia secara teoritis tidak lebih dari 50 tahun lagi. Selain itu kontribusi dari hasil pembakaran minyak bumi dan gas alam yang menimbulkan emisi-emisi yang dapat mencemari bumi kita. Biogas merupakan sumber bahan bakar atau energi yang dapat terbarui dan murah karena berasal dari bahan-bahan organik hasil dari kotoran mahkluk hidup yang di endapkan atau difermentasikan. Salah satu sumber bahan bakar atau energi biogas adalah berasal dari kotoran sapi, Dalam makalah ini mengkaji penggunaan limbah ternak sapi sebagai sumber bahan bakar atau energy biogas untuk keperluan rumah tangga masyarakat di Boyolali.Dalam makalah ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data primer berupa jumlah populasi sapi dan jumlah rumah menurut sumber penerangannya di Boyolali.Kemudian data tersebut dianalisa dan dilakukan perhitungan.Analisa yang dilakukan berkaitan dengan ketersediaan biogas dari kotoran sapi, kebutuhan energi untuk keperluan rumah tangga masyarakat di Boyolali dan perencanaan serta pemilihan peralatan untuk keperluan rumah tangga masyarakat yang menggunakan biogas.Dari hasil analisa pada study kasus ini diketahui bahwa potensi biogas sebesar 14,95 kg/hari mencukupi untuk keperluan disuatu daerah percontohan dan tanpa biaya setelah 1,2 tahun pemakaian.
The Effect of Mixing Diesel Fuel with Cottonseed Oil and Coconut Oil on The Performance of 4-Stroke Diesel Engine Adhi Iswantoro; Aguk Zuhdi Muhammad Fathallah; Semin Semin; ramdhan febrianto saputra
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol 3, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (329.406 KB) | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v3i3.3468

Abstract

research on biodiesel as an alternative fuel has been widely carried out. Such as mixing one type of oil mixed with diesel fuel with a certain composition. In this research, biodiesel was made by mixing two types of oil and then mixed with diesel fuel with a composition of 30:80, where 30% for mixed oil that is cottonseed oil and coconut oil, then 80% for diesel fuel. And then in this research, the composition between cottonseed oil and coconut oil must be found, so that it will get the best composition between cottonseed oil and coconut oil. For comparison in performance between mixed biodiesel with 4 cSt and 6 cSt, and in the mixing process, using mathematical calculation methods, then the mixing results must meet SNI standards (Standard Nasional Indonesia / Indonesian National Standards). In this research, 4-stroke diesel engines with one cylinder were used. From the experiments and data analysis, biodiesel with 6 cSt more powerful, torsion and BMEP better than mixed biodiesel 4 cSt.
Experimental Analysis of Gas Split Injection Effect on Dual-Fuel Engine Performance Semin Semin; Beny Cahyono; Yudha Prasetiyo; Frengki Muhammad Felayati
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (395.89 KB) | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v6i2.5632

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The application of a dual-fuel engine has massively been used as the main engine. However, in dual-fuel engine operations, problems occur in low-load operations. The combustion quality with unstable combustion conditions and relatively low thermal efficiency. In this research, a gas split injection strategy was implemented on the dual-fuel engine. The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of the engine between dual-fuel operations using gas split injection strategy and single injection. Furthermore, split injection is a fuel injection system by dividing the injection into several injection stages with a certain mass and period. This injection system was applied on a dual-fuel engine system, which was previously a modification of the conventional diesel Yanmar TF 85 MH. The variation in this study is the injection split ratio (ISR) 75-25, variations in injection time, and variations in load with specified engine speed at 2000 RPM. The results obtained in this study are the best variations found in ISR 75-25 gas split injection with injection distance at 260°bTDC & 244°bTDC. Due to the injection distance, a significant difference occurred in all parameters tested between single injection and split injection. The significance of the difference in power, torque, BMEP, SFOC, and the thermal efficiency only occurs at 100% load, which is 4.3%; 4.2%; 4.2%; 16%; 18.3%.
CLASS MANAGEMENT EVALUATION IN IMPROVING EDUCATOR PROFESSIONALISM Semin, Semin; Patimah, Siti
INCARE, International Journal of Educational Resources Vol 4 No 1 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : FKDP (Forum Komunikasi Dosen Peneliti)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59689/incare.v4i1.697

Abstract

Effective classroom management plays an important role in enhancing the interactions and relationships between teachers and students. An effective classroom management process involves establishing clear rules and procedures, using a variety of learning strategies, and effective communication between teachers and students. In the context of SD IT Cendikia Banjar Agung Tulang Bawang, this study aims to analyze the impact of effective classroom management on improving interaction and relationships between teachers and students. The results of the study show that an effective classroom management process at SD IT Cendikia Banjar Agung Tulang Bawang involves the establishment of clear rules and consistent application. Teachers use a variety of learning strategies to facilitate student involvement in the learning process. In addition, communication between teachers and students is also considered important in creating good relationships. Teachers demonstrated good communication skills in presenting subject matter, listening actively, and providing constructive feedback to students. In the context of increasing interactions and relationships between teachers and students, indicators of effective classroom management include mutual understanding, mutual trust, and active involvement in the learning process. Teachers who are able to listen empathetically, provide individual attention to students, and create an inclusive classroom atmosphere, are able to strengthen the bond between teacher and student. Thus, effective classroom management at SD IT Cendikia Banjar Agung Tulang Bawang has a positive impact on increasing interaction and harmonious relationships between teachers and students.
Performance and carbon emissions of a diesel/oxy-hydrogen dual-fuel engine with oxy-hydrogen injection variation under low and medium load conditions Felayati, Frengki Mohamad; Prasutiyon, Hadi; Janah, Sholikhatul; Wijaya, Dimas Hadi; Saputra, Mukhammat Bayu; Semin, Semin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.57983

Abstract

Reducing carbon emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from diesel engines struggled with engine performance challenges and fossil fuel limitations. Besides, huge transportation such as ships hardly replaced diesel engines due to the higher thermal efficiency and low operation cost. Oxy-hydrogen gas, as a carbon-free gas, could potentially improve diesel engine performance and carbon emissions. Most of the studies tried to identify the effect of oxy-hydrogen induction into diesel engine combustion on performance and emissions. However, this study evaluated oxy-hydrogen injector sizes to the diesel engine performance and carbon emissions at several loads and several engine speed conditions. Overall, the result showed that the oxy-hydrogen gas injection into the diesel engine’s intake port improved the performance and carbon emissions compared to the single diesel fuel as a baseline. High engine performance with low carbon emissions could be achieved at low and medium engine load conditions with high engine speeds. Moreover, smaller oxy-hydrogen injector sizes were suitable for the medium engine load and vice versa, to improve the performance and carbon emissions. At low load, the engine performance improvement of engine torque, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency were 1800 to 2200 rpm. Moreover, the CO2 and CO emissions reductions were also suitable with 2200 rpm with a bigger oxy-hydrogen gas injector (6 mm). Furthermore, at medium load, the engine performance improved at 1400 rpm but the CO2 and CO emissions were lower at 2200 rpm with a small oxy-hydrogen gas injector (4 mm). The engine operation at 2200 rpm with a 4 mm injector also improved the engine performance regarding carbon emissions reduction. However, injecting oxy-hydrogen gas into diesel engines had the potential to enhance the engine performance and reduce carbon emissions, moving closer to achieving zero emissions
Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile untuk Meningkatkan Kesehatan Mental di Kalangan Remaja semin, semin
MUJAHADA: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): MUJAHADA: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : STAI Terpadu Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54396/mjd.v1iI.977

Abstract

This research focuses on the development of a mobile application aimed at improving mental health among adolescents. The study recognizes the importance of addressing mental health issues in the adolescent population and the potential of mobile technology in providing accessible and effective interventions. The mobile application incorporates features such as mood tracking, relaxation exercises, mental health information, and access to support resources. Through a community engagement approach, the application was developed and evaluated in collaboration with adolescents. The results indicate that the mobile application provided valuable support for adolescents in managing their mental health and resulted in positive changes in their well-being. The findings highlight the significance of integrating technology-based interventions into existing mental health services for a holistic approach in promoting adolescent mental health.