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PENGARUH JENIS ARANG AKTIF AMPAS TEBU, TATAL KAYU DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENJERAPAN WARNA AIR SUNGAI SAMBAS Winda Apriani; Indra Perdana; Sri Puji Saraswati
ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering Vol 2, No 2 (2014): ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering
Publisher : Master in Systems Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (246.297 KB)

The availability of clean water still poses problems in Indonesia. The need of clean water for Sambas City people still depends on river water. This river water comes from Sambas River which has bright yellow color (73.6 TCU), exceeding the allowed maximum level for clean water in accordance with the Regulation of Health Affairs No.416/MEN.KES/PER/IX/1990, which is 50 TCU, with low turbidity (23.3 TCU) and low pH (4.34). The characteristics of this river water indicate that the water color of Sambas River is true color. Level of this type of water color can be degraded by adsorption process using activated charcoal. It is easy to find raw materials of activated charcoal from waste sources containing carbon in Indonesia, especially West Kalimantan, such as bagasse, wood chips and coconut shell. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify the influence of activated charcoal types of bagasse, wood chips and coconut shell which are used as adsorbent to adsorp the color of Sambas river water and to identify the optimum dosage and duration of the process.Activated charcoal was made of bagasse, wood chip and coconut shell through pyrolysis process at a temperature of 5000C for 3.5 hours followed by chemical activation process using H3PO4 5% for 24 hours. The water was from Sambas river, Tanjung Mekar Village, Sambas, West Kalimantan. The adsorption process employed various types of activated charcoal (bagasse, wood chips and coconut shell); dosage (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%b/v); and contact time (10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes).The results indicated that different types of activated charcoal material in the adsorption process give different color level. The best treatment of batch process with 500 ml of Sambas river water was from the adsorption using activated charcoal of bagasse with an optimum dosage of 2% b/v and optimum contact duration of 90 minutes. It produced water color level between 50.00-52.00 TCU (meeting the standard of the Regulation of Health Affairs No.416/MEN.KES/PER/IX/1990).

Pengaruh Sistem Aerasi Intermittent terhadap Removal Organik dan Nitrogen pada Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Kamar Mandi Umum Afifah Munfaridah; Sri Puji Saraswati; Johan Syafri Mahathir
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 20, No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.20.1.102-114

Sebuah instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) dibangun untuk mengolah air limbah greywater dan blackwater dari toilet dan kamar mandi umum Wisdom Park UGM yang terletak di Dusun Kuningan, Catur Tunggal, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Unit reaktor proses IPAL tersebut terdiri dari sedimentasi, ekualisasi, aerasi 1, aerasi 2 dan secondary clarifier dengan sistem pengolahan berupa aerasi intermitten dan aerasi kontinyu dengan menggunakan Microbubble Generator (MBG) dan blower. Saat ini belum pernah dilakukan kajian terkait efektivitas sistem proses biologi pada IPAL dalam menurunkan kandungan organik dan nitrogen air limbah. Suatu sistem aerasi intermitten diaplikasikan dengan tujuan untuk mendegradasi kandungan organik dan nitrogen yang terkandung dalam air limbah, juga dapat meningkatkan dan meratakan suplai oksigen sehingga kemampuan penyerapan oksigen menjadi lebih besar. Evaluasi IPAL dilakukan selama 82 hari pengamatan dengan parameter air limbah yang diujikan terdiri dari COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, dan PO4-P yang nantinya akan dibandingkan dengan PerMenLHK No 68 Tahun 2016 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik. Hasil performa removal kontaminan di tangki aerasi 1 dan tangki aerasi 2 tidak jauh berbeda, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan di tangki aerasi 2 tidak begitu efektif. Pada tangki aerasi 1 rerata removal COD sebesar 73,97±17,65%, removal PO4-P sebesar 53,31±13,72%, removal total nitrogen sebesar 1,57±164,29%, efisiensi nitrifikasi sebesar 82,26±16,47% dan efisiensi denitrifikasi sebesar -66,4±373,37%. Sedangkan, total konsumsi energi yang dibutuhkan untuk pengolahan air limbah di IPAL dengan debit rerata 82,06 l/hari sebesar 43,13 kWh/m3 dan biaya sebesar Rp 62.326,00/m3. Dengan konsumsi energi terbesar dihasilkan untuk peyisihan fosfat yaitu 2,99 kWh/gPO4-P, penyisihan total nitrogen sebesar 1,33 kWh/gTN, penyisihan ammonia sebesar 0,88 kWh/gNH3-N, dan penyisihan COD sebesar 0,7 kWh/gCOD. ABSTRACTA wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was built to treat greywater and blackwater from the public toilets and bathrooms of Wisdom Park UGM located in Dusun Kuningan, Catur Tunggal, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The WWTP process reactor unit consists of sedimentation, equalization, aeration 1, aeration 2 and secondary clarifier with a processing system in the form of intermittent aeration and continuous aeration using a Microbubble Generator (MBG) and a blower. Currently, no study has been conducted regarding the effectiveness of the biological process system in WWTPs in reducing the organic and nitrogen content of wastewater. An intermittent aeration system is applied with the aim of degrading organic and nitrogen content contained in wastewater, as well as increasing and leveling oxygen supply so that oxygen absorption capacity becomes greater. The WWTP evaluation was carried out for 82 days of observation with the tested wastewater parameters consisting of COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, and PO4-P which will later be compared with the Minister of Environment and Forestry's Regulation No. 68, 2016 on Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. The results of the contaminant removal performance in aeration tank 1 and aeration tank 2 were not much different, indicating that the treatment in aeration tank 2 was not very effective. In aeration tank 1 the mean COD removal was 73,97±17,65%, PO4-P removal was 53,31±13,72%, total nitrogen removal was 1,57±164,29%, nitrification efficiency was 82,26±16,47%, and denitrification efficiency was -66,4±373,37% in aeration tank 1. Meanwhile, the total energy consumption required for wastewater treatment at WWTP with an average discharge 82.06 l/day is 43.13 kWh/m3 and a cost of Rp. 62,326.00/m3. Phosphate removal required the most energy, at 2.99 kWh/gPO4-P, followed by total nitrogen removal at 1.33 kWh/gTN, ammonia removal at 0.88 kWh/gNH3-N, and COD removal at 0.7 kWh/gCOD

Penyisihan Material Organik dan Nitrogen dengan Proses Aerasi Menggunakan Microbubble Generator (MBG) pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Asrama Hafasatya Maharani Putri; Sri Puji Saraswati; Johan Syafri Mahathir
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 20, No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.20.1.127-138

Sebuah Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) di asrama mahasiswi UGM, Yogyakarta memiliki unit reaktor yang terdiri dari ekualisasi, aerasi 1, aerasi 2 dan clarifier dengan proses aerasi secara intermiten menggunakan Microbubble Generator (MBG) dengan fase aerasi dan tanpa aerasi masing-masing selama 15 menit. IPAL tersebut dibangun sebagai upaya dalam memenuhi standar Green Building bagi bangunan lama asrama di UGM untuk mengolah air limbah grey water. Hasil olahan air limbah akan dimanfaatkan di lingkungan asrama. Selama 208 hari beroperasi, kajian mengenai performa IPAL belum pernah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian untuk mengetahui performa dan konsumsi energi pada IPAL dalam menyisihkan parameter pencemar berupa COD, nitrogen dan fosfat. Kajian dilakukan selama 81 hari pengamatan dengan menguji parameter kualitas air limbah pada setiap unit pengolahan. Parameter COD dan amonia telah memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No. 68 Tahun 2016 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik, sedangkan parameter fosfat masih belum memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Daerah D.I.Y. No.7 Tahun 2016 mengenai kegiatan IPAL Komunal. Hasil pengamatan pada performa IPAL, menunjukkan kedua tangki aerasi memiliki performa yang hampir sama, namun keberadaan tangki aerasi 2 tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menyisihkan parameter pencemar. Pada tangki aerasi 1, efisiensi penyisihan COD mencapai rata-rata sebesar 73,6±17,46%, penyisihan PO4-P sebesar 39,12±14,96%, penyisihan total nitrogen sebesar 56,15±19,6%, efisiensi nitrifikasi sebesar 73,1±20.07% dan efisiensi denitrifikasi sebesar 61,72±27,48%. Total konsumsi energi pada IPAL dengan proses aerasi intermiten, dengan debit rerata 537,84 l/hari sebesar 14,12 kWh/m3 dan biaya sebesar Rp. 20.414/m3. Urutan konsumsi energi terbesar adalah penyisihan fosfat sebesar 5,10 kWh/gPO4-P, kemudian penyisihan amonia sebesar 1,79 kWh/gNH3-N, penyisihan TN sebesar 1,95 kWh/gTN dan penyisihan COD sebesar 0,45 kWh/gCOD. ABSTRACTA Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the student dormitory of UGM, Yogyakarta has a reactor unit consists of an equalization, aeration 1, aeration 2, and clarifier with intermittent aeration process using a Microbubble Generator (MBG) with or without aeration for 15 minutes each. The WWTP was built as an effort to meet the Green Building standards for the old dormitory at UGM to make better process of grey water. The processed wastewater will be used for the dormitory environment. Operated for 208 days, there was no former studies for the WWTP. Therefore, a study is needed to determine performance and energy consumption of the WWTP in removing pollutant parameters consisting of COD, nitrogen and phosphate. The study was carried out for 81 days of observation by testing the wastewater quality parameters in each treatment unit. COD and ammonia parameters have met the quality standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards, while phosphate doesn’t meet the quality standards of Regional Regulation D.I.Y. No. 7 of 2016 concerning Communal WWTP Activities. Results shows the performance from two aeration tanks are almost the same, but the existence of aeration tank 2 doesn’t have a significant effect. The results in aeration tank 1 showed the COD removal efficiency reached an average of 73.6±17.46%, PO4-P removal 39.12±14.96%, total nitrogen removal 56.15±19.6%, the nitrification efficiency 73.1±20.07% the denitrification efficiency 61.72±27.48%. The total energy consumption with intermittent aeration process with an average discharge of 537.84 l/day is 14.12 kWh/m3 and a cost of Rp. 20,414/m3 with the largest energy use being phosphate removal at 5.10 kWh/gPO4-P, then ammonia removal at 1.79 kWh/gNH3-N, TN removal at 1.95 kWh/gTN and COD removal at 0.45 kWh/gCOD.

Water Quality Index Performance for River Pollution Control Based on Better Ecological Point of View (A Case Study in Code, Winongo, Gadjah Wong Streams) Sri Puji Saraswati; Mochammad Venly Ardion; Yul Hendro Widodo; Suwarno Hadisusanto
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 5 No. 1 (January 2019)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

The quality of river water quality monitoring data sometimes can be inaccurate. Evaluation of the effectiveness of water pollution control programs needs good quality data to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) with the aim to meet the requirement to protect biodiversity and maintain various water functions. Thirty-five water quality variables from Code, Gadjah Wong, and Winongo rivers were taken as data, conducted by Environmental Agency of Yogyakarta in 2004 – 2015. There were only 19 out of 35 water quality variables having good data after improvement of monitoring data, transformation/standardization and analysis of the significant water quality variables with PCA (Principle Component Analysis) and Factor Analysis (FA). WQIs formula in the three rivers used the same 5 significant variables i.e. EC, DO, COD, NH3N, Total Coliform, and "weighted sum index” as the sub-index aggregation technique, with different sub-index coefficients. Winongo River had the best water quality and Gajah Wong River was the worst. According to the relationship of river water discharge and WQIs index, large discharge during rainy seasons does not always decrease the level of pollution, but it tends to increase the WQIs. More effective ways to improve the stream water quality during dry seasons should further be investigated.

Analysis of the Carrying Capacity and the Total Maximum Daily Loads of the Karang Mumus Sub-watershed in Samarinda City Using the WASP Method Achmad Diansyukma; Sri Puji Saraswati; Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 7 No. 2 (May 2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.62826

Watershed is a multi-aspect ecological system, which functions as a source of water resources, in order to meet daily needs. It also motivates both economical and life matters, as well as serve as a sanitary channel for the surrounding community. Watershed also generates pollutants, which are known to potentially cause a decrease in river water quality. The degradation of river habitats that are caused by high pollutants penetration into the water body, decreases the capacity to carry out self-purification of toxic loads. The water pollutant load-carrying capacity is then calculated through various methods, one of which is the use of a computerized numerical modeling simulation called WASP (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program). This method was developed by the ES-EPA, in order to process TMDLs (Total Maximum Daily Loads) data on river bodies, as well as examine each part of the water quality, based on spatial and temporal inputs. This study was conducted at the Karang Mumus Sub-watershed flowing through the centre of Samarinda City, with aims to determine the pollutants' carrying capacity, existing load, and toxic waste allocation, via the use of the BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) technique as a parameter of water quality. The calculation was carried out by segmenting the river into five parts, based on the number of districts it passes through, during pollutant loads inventory. The WASP modeling simulation showed that the total pollutant load-carrying capacity of the whole segments was 5,670 kg/day. It also showed the existing loads of about 3,605 kg/day, with the margin having the ability to receive pollutants at 2,065 kg/day. Moreover, the allocation of pollutant loads varies for each segment, with 2, 3, and 4 observed to reduce the pollutant by 390, 220, and 10 kg/day, respectively. However, segments 1 and 5 were still allowed to receive pollutant loads up to 1,740 and 945 kg/day, respectively.

Feasibility Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Plant System: A Case Study of Domestic Wastewater System in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Sri Puji Saraswati; Gregorius Henry Diavid; Sophia An Nisa; Nilna Amal; Visi Asriningtyas
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 7 No. 3 (September 2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.64643

Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (DWWTP) type 1 and DWWTP type 2 were being evaluated. DWWTP type 1 is located in Sembir area while DWWTP type 2 is located in Tambakrejo area which are both in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta or DIY), Indonesia. The emphasis of this research is to choose the manhole material which has the least leakage to the soil, influent discharge performance and wastewater treatment quality effluent. The method used to measure the discharge was by averaging daily discharge for twelve hours, while the E. Coli bacteria under the manhole was also being analyzed. Pollution Index method was also used to evaluate the pollution levels of the wastewater treatment effluent. Results of the study indicated that DWWTP type 1 performance was not optimal because the number of users was greater than that of the design. The impacts were excessive capacity, improper detention time and several parameters of the effluent did not meet the Indonesian legal regulation, including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), with efficiency of 34.43%. Wastewater treatment quality effluent parameters which met the Indonesian legal regulation were pH, TSS, TDS, Oil and Grease and Chlorine for DWWTP type 1. Pollution Index (PI) of DWWTP type 1 was 7.02 and PI of DWWTP type 2 was 6.96 which were relatively categorized as moderately polluted. DWWTP type 2 performance was optimal with mean discharge lower than the design discharge. Parameters of the effluent which met the Indonesian legal regulation were pH, TSS, TDS, Oil and Grease, Detergent and COD for DWWTP type 2. The COD of DWWTP type 2 met the Indonesian legal regulation with high efficiency of 73.24%. The E. Coli bacteria was not found in soils under the ring type precast concrete manholes. Hence ring type precast concrete base manhole is recommended.

Organic Removal Treatment Using Microbubble Generator (MBG) in Eutrophic Disorder Condition Tri Yulianti; Sri Puji Saraswati; Johan Syafri Mahathir Ahmad; Wiratni Budhijanto
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 8 No. 1 (January 2022)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The Techno Park basin, built as an extension of a small tributary of the Code River primarily acts as a retention basin for runoff during the rainy season. It improves the quality of water that has been degraded by domestic wastewater discharge from the surrounding community. Therefore, this study aims to assess the extent to which water quality of the basin can be improved with aeration technology. The aeration technology is a Microbubble Generator (MBG) built using a 100 Watts submersible pump with three horizontal nozzles at a depth of 40 cm from the water surface. Furthermore, the profiles of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration were measured at the basin’s inlet and outlet, as well as the depths of 1 m below surface water and the bottom of the basin. Diurnal DO was measured to investigate the causes of supersaturation. The aeration performance was also determined from the COD parameters at the inlet and outlet. Discharge measurements were then conducted on the tributary/drainage channel to the inlet basin. The result showed that the DO supersaturation concentration has been attributed to the contribution of photosynthesis from phytoplankton such as algae. Furthermore, no change in DO concentration was observed in a range of 1 m depth from the surface of the water to the bottom (0.3 - 0.14 mg-DO/l). In this eutrophic state, DO increased exponentially during the daytime hours and then decreased during the night. The daily measurement showed an increase in the average DO of 2.31 mg/l (standard deviation of 1.56 mg/l), with average CODinlet fluctuations of 18.79 mg/l (standard deviation of 13.56 mg/l) and average CODoutlet of 14.38 mg/l (standard deviation 2.94 mg/l). Due to additional DO concentration coming from eutrophication during daylight, it was not possible to make a precise assessment of the effectiveness of the MBG aerator.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WITH URBAN RIVER IMPROVEMENT: THE CASE OF YOGYAKARTA CITY (Melibatkan Masyarakat dalam Memperbaiki Lingkungan Sungai Perkotaan : Kasus Kota Yogyakarta) Hari Kusnanto; Suprapto Dibyosaputro; Suwarno Hadisusanto; Sri Puji Saraswati
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 23, No 3 (2016): September
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.22484

ABSTRACTThe restoration of urban rivers has shifted from predominantly physical and ecological to community oriented social and economic improvement. Community engagement is needed in the people approach of development. Information sharing and public consultation are not enough. A case study among the riverside communities living in Yogyakarta city indicated that these communities need to move out of poverty and destitution through coaching and mentoring by various experts, and at the same time they would assure the ecosystem functioning of urban rivers. ABSTRACTRestorasi sungai-sungai perkotaan telah bergeser dari peningkatan fisik dan ekologis menjadi lebih berorientasi pada sosial dan ekonomi. Keterlibatan masyarakat dibutuhkan dalam pendekatan manusiawi pembangunan. Pemberian informasi dan konsultasi public tidak cukup studi kasus pada komunitas-komunitas yang hidup di pinggir sungai di kota Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa komunitas tersebut perlu mengentaskan diri dari kemiskinan dan keterbelaknagn dengan bantuan ahli, dan pada saat yang sama menjaga fungsi ekosistem sungai-sungai perkotaan.

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