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PROSPEK BRIKET BATUBARA LIGNIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF SEKTOR RUMAH TANGGA DAN INDUSTRI KECIL Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo; Yusniati, Yusniati
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Market coal briquette compartment in Indonesia is estimated still big enough,considering kerosene and firewood which was usually used as small industrialand rural household sector fuel progressively scarce and costly if without subsidy.Coal briquette of lignit made of low rank coal without carbonization process and without binder, so that can become alternative fuel which is competitif, safe, efficient and environmental friendliness. Volatile matter content can be decreased by using special design of stove to burn it by fire tongue on the surface of stove to yield completely combustion. Continueing usage of coal briquette as alternative fuel substitution of kerosene and or firewood especially in rural, can be conducted by given system and sustanable supply guarantee, quality improvement, economical charcoal burner device of the environmental friendly, efficiently and routine promotion activities.

STUDI ALIHÃ¢â‚¬â€œFUNGSI CFB BOILER SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT COÃ¢â‚¬â€œGENERATION Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Demo–plant CFB boiler 30 ton steam/hour is a granted equipments of cooperation program between BPPT and NEDO Japan in technological study area of CFB Boiler to utilize low–rank coal which functioned as steam consumption supply as well as electricity at production process system in Paper Mill of Basuki Rachmat – Banyuwangi. But outside calculation in the year of 1998, Indonesia occured economic crisis which result activity of construction which have 90% perforced to be discontinued, because PKBR as area owner and construction funder expressed have national debt, so that the asset taken over by BPPN. Since the project activities discontinued, various effort of project solving have been conducted, one of them, BPPT propose study of CFB Boiler displace function as steam and electricity generation (co–generation). In this paper, writer try to elaborate result of study giving 5 option, that is (1) Stand–alone power station, (2) Co–generation 1 (new steam turbine), (3) Co–generation 2 (new steam turbine+cooling tower), (4) Co–generation 3 (existing steam turbine) and (5) Co–generation 4 (existing steam turbine+cooling tower).

EFEK INJEKSI UDARA DAN STEAM TERHADAP KUALITAS SYNGAS HASIL GASIFIKASI SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN FIXEDâ€“BED GASIFIER Masfuri, Imron; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Biomass gasification is more benefit compared to direct combustion because ofmore flexibility gas product that can be directed use as combusted gas in gasengine power generation or chemical feedstocks as well as synthetic fuelbelongs to added market value. Since 2007, PT National Champignon (PTNatcham) in Wonosobo ? Central Java have been operating 1 (one) unit of fixed?bed updraft gasifier by rice?husk fuel feeding using air as gasification agent forit?s mushroom plant electricity needs through gas engine 400 kW. Fluctuation ofgasifictaion temperature in each of gasifier zones is affected by injectionpressures of air+steam, as well as opening valves of air and steam. The optimumsteam injection can only be carried?out at opening valve of steam 50% and airof 7/19 (volumetric ratio of steam/air = 0.6?0.7) with bottom temperatur ofgasifier, Tbottom = 650oC at pressure condition of 4,5 bar. Syngas with H2/COratio of 1,26? 1,71 have sufficient met the requirements of syngas quality forsynthesis process of Fischer?Tropsch to be processed futhermore for syntheticfuel producing.Kata kunci: sekam padi, gasifikasi, gas sintetis, Gas?To?Liquid, Fischer?Tropsch

PENGARUH FAKTOR UDARA TERHADAP PARAMETER OPERASI FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIER BIOMASSA Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Development on fluidized bed gasification of biomass has been initiated byYayasan Dian Desa collaboration with NEDO (New Energy and IndustrialTechnology Development Organization of Japan) starting from small scale(2000?2003), bench?scale tests (2004?2005) and pilot?plant (2006?2009). Since2006, a cooperative research and development on fluidized?bed gasification ofbiomass established and agreed between the BPP Teknologi, Yayasan DianDesa and NEDO to investigate the influence of the air factor on other gasifieroperation parameters: bed temperature, gas calorific value and gasifier coldefficiency. The experiments were carried out with the following kinds of biomass:rice husk, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and spent coffee grounds. Therelationship between the gasifier cold efficiency and air factor shows that thecurves for rice husk and sawdust have a maximum; for bagasse the relationshipis decreasing because of intensive elutriation; for spent coffee grounds due tofeeder limitations, it was not possible to feed the biomass flow corresponding toair factor values greater than 0.2. The low efficiency values are a consequence ofthe lack of thermal insulation in the freeboard zone.Kata kunci: fluidized bed, gasification, biomassa

PROSPEK BRIKET BATUBARA LIGNIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF SEKTOR RUMAH TANGGA DAN INDUSTRI KECIL Tirtosoekotjo, Soedjoko; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Market coal briquette compartment in Indonesia is estimated still big enough,considering kerosene and firewood which was usually used as small industrialand rural household sector fuel progressively scarce and costly if withoutsubsidy. Coal briquette of lignit made of low rank coal without carbonizationprocess and without binder, so that can become alternative fuel which iscompetitif, safe, efficient and environmental friendliness. Volatile matter contentcan be decreased by using special design of stove to burn it by fire tongue on thesurface of stove to yield completely combustion. Continueing usage of coalbriquette as alternative fuel substitution of kerosene and or firewood especially inrural, can be conducted by given system and sustanable supply guarantee,quality improvement, economical charcoal burner device of the environmentalfriendly, efficiently and routine promotion activities.Kata kunci: briket lignit, bahan bakar alternatif, rumah tangga industri kecil

KINERJA MESIN DIESEL MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR, DME DAN CAMPURANNYA DENGAN SIMULASI DINAMIKA FLUIDA Yuwono, Taufik; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Fuel atomization plays a main role in determining the performance of dieselengines, where the spray pattern illustrates fuel combustion occurs in thecombustion chamber. From fuel spray test results showed that fuel evaporationcharacteristics of fuel at a certain pressure will effect on engine performance.The higher the injection pressure will reduce the diameter of the fuel sprays(sauter mean diameter), thus speeding up evaporation and mixing processesbetween fuel and air in the combustion chamber with resulted the combustionprocess is more completely. Analysis of fuel atomization simulations performedat injection pressure 150, 180 and 235 bar on the distribution of size,temperature and concentration of air+fuel mixture. Physical chemical parametersresulting are the size and temperature distribution patterns fuel+air mixturesprays. DME is feasible to be used as alternative fuel in diesel engines by adding2?5% lubricant additives. The use of diesel+DME 50/50 mixed fuel provides thelowest fuel consumption by generating power of 3x2,975 watts.Kata kunci: kinerja mesin, solar, DME, simulasi atomisasi, dinamika fluida

PENGARUH TEKANAN INJEKSI BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KABUTAN CAMPURAN SOLAR DAN DIMETIL ETER Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo; Yuwono, Taufik
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Fuel spray injection plays a main role in determining the performance of dieselengines, where the spray pattern illustrates fuel combustion occurs in thecombustion chamber. Characteristics of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) spray isdevoted to fuel evaporation, and mixing and combustion quality affected bypressure injection (?P) and the physical chemical properties of the fuel (density,surface tension, viscosity and boiling point). From fuel spray test results showedthat fuel evaporation characteristics of fuel at a certain pressure effect on engineperformance. The higher the injection pressure will reduce the diameter of thefuel sprays after injection (SMD), thus speeding up evaporation and mixingprocesses between fuel and air in the combustion chamber with resulted thecombustion process is more completelyKata kunci: characteristics of fuel spray, diesel fuel, DME.

REKONDISI KINERJA OPERASI FIXED BED GASIFIER SEKAM PADI PT. NATIONAL CHAMPIGNON Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

All this time, PT Natcham?s gasifier only be used for synthetic gas production asfuel of 400 kW gas engine power generation for the mushroom industry?selectricity needs while energy crisis. From now on, the application anddevelopment of biomass gasification technology is focused on synthetic gasproduction to be processed furthermore from gas to liquid (GTL) throughFischer?Tropsch synthesis process. H2+CO contained in syngas product is low(average 20% of total producer gas) with H2/CO ratio = 0.30?0,35. Producedsynthetic gas composition more and less equal to the design maker of Peako ?China that is feasible to be utilized as fuel for 400 kW gas engine powergeneration, but not meet yet specification requirements of syngas composition asgas feeding for Fischer?Tropsch synthesis process (Gas?To?Liquid, GTL).Installation of O2 and steam injection system inside gasifier necessary to improvesyngas quality, all at once N2 content decreasing in the syngas, with the result ofH2/CO ratio 1 that will improve liquid product.Kata kunci: fixed?bed gasifier, gasification, rice husk, synthetic gas

RANCANGAN DASAR GASIFIER BATUBARA SIRKULASI UNGGUN MENGAMBANG UNTUK MEMBANGKITKAN LISTRIK 1 MW Tirtosoekotjo, Soedjoko; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

There are 3 choices in accommodating power station facility which have beeninstalled to fulfill standard regulation of environmental quality which progressivelytighten. Firstly, facility modification of pulverized?coal fired power plant byapplying a flue?gas desulfurisation technology throw away to cost moneyinstallation of tired which can 20% of total cost development of it. Secondly,modification system of coal fired power generation become natural gas combinedcycle (NGCC) can reach low emission, but fuel cost relatively high, so willinfluence the electricity generating cost. Third, modification system of electricgeneration which have been installed by utilizing a mechanism of coalgasification is most efficient and best alternative to yield an environmentalfriendly of electric generation combined cycle. In this paper, writer try to make abasic design of circulating fluidized?bed coal gasifier using clay catalist relatedon third choice which expected applicable in the next future to come replacepower station system which have ended a period as well as newly even if.Kata Kunci: gasifier batubara unggun mengambang, katalis tanah liat,pembangkit listrik

UJI KUALITAS BRIKET KOKAS OMBILIN PADA PROSES PELEBURAN BESI MENGGUNAKAN KUPOLA Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
185P -3466
Publisher : Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology

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Industri pengecoran besi skala kecil-menengah menggunakan kokas sebagai bahan bakar padat, reduktor serta bahan yang membantu dalam proses pengecoran besi untuk meningkatkan kandungan karbon besi cor. Sebagian besar konsumsi domestik kokas berasal dari impor, sehingga krisis ekonomi yang tak berkesudahan menyebabkan suplai kokas menjadi jarang. Pada achir tahun 2003 harga kokas meningkat dan mutu berfluktuasi. Briket kokas Ombilin diupayakan sebagai substitusi kokas impor. Proses pengecoran besi menggunakan dapur kupola di Koperasi Industri Pengecoran Logam Batur Jaya Ceper dilakukan. Uji mutu menyatakan rasio kokas produktif 1:14 dinyatakan cukup memuaskan.

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