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ANALISIS RISIKO KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT PAPARAN BENZENE MELALUI INHALASI PADA AWAK MOBIL TANGKI DI PT PERTAMINA PATRA NIAGA Nurtito Wahyu Febrian; Mursid Rahardjo; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 7, No 1 (2019): JANUARI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (400.657 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v7i1.23009

Abstract

PT Pertamina Patra Niaga is one of the motor fuel terminal in charge to do the distribution of fuel in Central Java. Fuel distribution in the activities of the workers who called the Car Tank Crew (AMT) should get in touch with benzene's cancer-causing. The purpose of this research was to analyze the health risks of environmental exposure to benzene on AMT. This research is descriptive research with an environmental health risk analysis approach (ARKL). The research sample was 49 respondents AMT and the sample concentration levels of benzene is object (C) in the ambient air of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga. The results showed an average benzene concentration was 0.08 ppm. Average weight (Wb) respondents 66.20 kg, exposure time (tE) 8 hours/day, the frequency of exposure (fE) 243 days/year, and the duration of exposure (Dt) 4 years. Exposure to benzene intake is 0.0024 mg/kg/day for non carcinogenic effects are realtime, 0.021 mg/kg/day for non carcinogenic effects of lifetime, 0.0011 for carcinogenic effects are realtime and 0.009 for carcinogenic effects of lifetime. The characteristics of risk for carcinogenic effects are realtime RQ ≤ 1 i.e. 0.29 and non carcinogenic effects for lifetime RQ > 1 i.e. 2.47. While the carcinogenic effects for realtime on ECR ≤ 10-4 IE 6.05 x 10-5 and carcinogenic effects for a lifetime on ECR 10-4 > i.e. 4.95 x 10-4. Conclusion of this research is the concentration of benzene in ambient air of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga was still under the threshold and not show health problems to exposure to realtime will be but estimated there is a risk of exposure to health disorders lifetime of 30 years.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN KARBON AKTIF DAN KARANG JAHE SEBAGAI FILTRASI UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR AMONIAK LIMBAH CAIR RUMAH SAKIT SEMEN GRESIK Asti Chairani Putri; Sulistyani Sulistyani; Mursid Rahardjo
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 5, No 5 (2017): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (113.173 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v5i5.19169

Abstract

Semen Gresik Hospital produces liquid waste with ammonia levels that can cause water contamination. Based on preliminary study in May 2017, the amount of ammonia waste of Semen Gresik Hospital was 0,51 mg/L. This level still does not meet the quality standard of hospital waste ammonia at 0,1 mg/L. Therefore the need for further action in treating the polluted liquid waste hospital is filtration method with activated carbon and ginger coral. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of activated carbon and ginger corals as filtration to reduce the level of ammonia liquid waste Semen Gresik Hospital. This type of research is a pretest-posttest with control group experimental design. This treatment uses a variety of 60 cm of active carbon media, 60 cm ginger coral and a combination of activated carbon and ginger corals each 30 cm. Anova One Way Test with 95% confidence degree indicates that there is a difference of average decrease of ammonia waste water content of hospital with various variation of media type. Post Hoc test results show that there are significant differences between variations of activated carbon medium with ginger coral, variation of activated carbon with combination of activated carbon and ginger reef, variation of activated carbon with control, ginger coral variation with control, and combination of activated carbon and ginger reef with control in reducing the level of wastewater ammonia (p≤0,05). Average ammonia efficiency after treatment with activated carbon is the highest ammoniac decrease that is 88,2% or can decrease ammonia level up to 0,134 mg / L.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERADAAN ZAT PEWARNA DAN PENGAWET TERLARANG PADA MAKANAN JAJANAN DI PASAR-PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA SEMARANG Lailya Indha Pramastuti; Mursid Rahardjo; Yusniar Hanani Darundiati
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 5, No 1 (2017): JANUARI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (98.33 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v5i1.15797

Abstract

Foods that contain substances harmful to the body will have a negative impact for people who consume them. Hazardous substances are often found in the banned dyes and preservatives. The National Food and Drug Agency’s investigation in 2015, from 7,806 food samples found 295 samples contained rhodamine B, 216 samples contained formalin, 164 samples contained borax and 5 samples contained methanyl yellow. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the presence of banned dyes and preservatives in snacks at traditional markets in Semarang. This type of research was explanatory research with cross sectional approach. The study subjects were 49 snack vendors. The results showed the contamination rhodamine B 22.4%, borax 12.2% and formalin 0%. Snack food contaminated is cenil, mutiara, kerupuk gado-gado, and gendar. Snacks that contained banned dyes and preservatives are cenil, mutiara, kerupuk gado-gado, and gendar. Chi-Square test results showed that there was a relation between the level of education (p = 0.005), knowledge (p = 0.001), and attitude (p = 0.001) with the presence of banned dyes and preservatives snacks. The results of descriptive analysis showed that the practice of making snacks is bad. Access of food vendors to get dyes and preservatives fairly easy, dyes and preservatives prices affordable. The government control to the used of banned dyes and preservatives on snacks was still uneven. The conclusion from this study is there is a relationship between the level of education, knowledge, attitudes, and practices with the presence of dyes and preservatives banned on street food. The use of banned dyes and preservatives is carried out by the snack vendors at traditional markets in Semarang. It is necessary to have guidance and control are more evenly to the snack vendors.
HUBUNGAN SANITASI DASAR DAN PERSONAL HYGIENE DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TASIKMADU KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR Andrean Dikky Pradhana Putra; Mursid Rahardjo; Tri Joko
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 5, No 1 (2017): JANUARI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (94.133 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v5i1.15791

Abstract

Diarrhea is a disease that can occur in infants, children and adults. The incidence of diarrhea in Karanganyar in 2015 at Tasikmadu Public Health Services amounting to 1275 cases. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the relationship basic sanitary conditions and personal hygiene with the incidence of diarrhea in Tasikmadu Public Health Services. This type of research used in this research is an analytic observational case control study design. Population is the case toddler who otherwise suffering from diarrhea and the control population is under five who are not otherwise suffer diarrhea. Analyzed using univariate and bivariate. The bivariate analysis using Chi Square Test (α = 0.05). The analysis showed six independent variables associated with the incidence of diarrhea in infants. Variables of clean water (ρ = 0.018 OR = 3.232 95% CI = 1294-8074), the condition of the building latrines (ρ = 0.025 OR = 3,229 95% CI = 1236-8438), the quality of garbage disposal facilities (ρ = 0.019 OR = 2,547 95% CI = 1228-5282), the quality of wastewater disposal (ρ = 0,009 OR = 2,968 95% CI = 1375-6404), personal hygiene (ρ = 0.000 OR = 6287 95% CI = 2851-13863), knowledge of the respondent (ρ = 0.040 OR = 2,981 95% CI = 1134-7831). It can be concluded that the incidence of diarrhea in Tasikmadu Public Health Services influenced by means of clean water, latrine building condition, quality means waste removal, quality of sewage disposal facilities, personal hygiene, and knowledge of parents of toddlers.
EFEKTIVITAS VARIASI DOSIS FERRI KLORIDA (FeCl3) SEBAGAI KOAGULAN DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR KADMIUM (Cd) PADA AIR LINDI TPA JATIBARANG SEMARANG Devi Sarah Silaban; Sulistyani Sulistyani; Mursid Rahardjo
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 5, No 1 (2017): JANUARI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (218.164 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v5i1.15793

Abstract

Leachate is the liquid waste that comes out of a pile of TPA containing heavy metals cadmium of 3.425 mg/l and beyond normal limits according to the Minister of Environment and Forestry Republic Indonesia  Regulation Number 59 Year 2016 and the normal limit cadmium content in leachate is as much as 0.1 mg/l. Cadmium is highly toxic and can be harmful to the environment. Using Ferric chloride with coagulation-flocculation method is one technology that can be used to remove heavy metals in leachate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dose variation (7 grams, 12 grams and 17 grams) of ferric chloride as a coagulant in lowering levels of cadmium in TPA Jatibarang. This type of research was a true experiment with pretest and posttest with control group design. The populations in this study were all leachate in the inlet TPA Jatibarang Semarang. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (p value ≤ 0.05). The results showed the initial concentration of Cd of 0.862 mg/l and remained above the quality standard (0.1 mg/l). The average pH and temperature of the leachate before treatment was 7  and 26.48°C. After treatment  with FeCl3 7 grams of 7 and 25.75°C, pH and temperature after treatment with FeCl3 12 grams by 7.16 and 25.58°C, pH and temperature after treatment with FeCl3 17 grams of 7 and 26°C. Decreased levels of Cd in 7 grams dose as much as 21.1%, 12 grams dose as much as 41.3% and 17 grams dose as much as 72.8% ANOVA showed p-value = 0.0001 or ≤ 0.05, which means that there were differences in the metal levels decrease Cd in leachate by using a treatment dose variation Ferric chloride. That was because ferric chloride was hydrolyzed to interact with and neutralize the negative colloids changes. It can be concluded that the administration of dose variation Ferric chloride effect on the levels of the metal cadmium (Cd) in landfill leachate water Jatibarang Semarang.
HUBUNGAN PROPORSI VENTILASI BERDASARKAN VOLUME RUANGAN DAN ORIENTASI MATAHARI DENGAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI PUSKESMAS MRANGGEN II KABUPATEN DEMAK Istiqomah Istiqomah; Mursid Rahardjo; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 6, No 6 (2018): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (183.34 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v6i6.22175

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Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that can be transmitted by patients when coughing from sputum splash containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2016 Mranggen II Health Center was ranked third with the number of TB patients from 27 health centers in Demak Regency, namely 36 cases with a new case finding rate of 52.48 per 100,000 population. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the proportion of ventilation based on room volume and the orientation of sunlight into the house with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the region of Mranggen II Public Health Center in Demak Regency. Method: Observational study with case control design. The sample used was 70 respondents consisting of 35 cases and 35 controls. Analysis data using chi-square. Results: The results of bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship and a risk factor for the incidence of pulmonary TB, that was the proportion of ventilation based on room volume (p-value = 0.001, OR = 6.250 with 95% CI = 2.215 - 17.632), and the orientation of sunlight into the house (p-value = 0,0001, OR = 36,000 with 95% CI = 7,299 - 177,553). Conclusion: The proportion of ventilation based on room volume and the orientation of sunlight into the house including risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Mranggen II Public Health Center in Demak Regency.
GAMBARAN KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR SUMUR GALI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PENGASIH 1 KABUPATEN KULON PROGO Alya Nida Tahera Mahardika; Mursid Rahardjo; Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 6, No 6 (2018): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (209.323 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v6i6.22151

Abstract

Dug wells is one of the most source of fresh water that used by people who live in Pengasih 1 Health Center Work Area. Water of dug wells is the shallow groundwater that easily contaminated by the contaminants on the ground. The puspose of this study is to describe the water bacterial quality of dug wells associated with the distance of dug wells with the source of contaminant. This study is observational descriptive with cross sectional design. The contaminant that measured in this study is the distance between dug well with septic tank, sewerage, and other contaminants (cattle pen or landfill). Water bacterial quality measured using MPN coliform. The number of sample in this study is 42 wells. Not eligible distance between wells and septic tank is 47,6%, wells and sewerage is 76,2%, wells and other contaminants is 76,2%. Overall the distance between dug wells and contaminant sources that not eligible is 92,9%. The bacterial quality of water is 100% not eligible. The conclusion of this study is most of the wells is not eligible with the distances of contaminant sources and all wells is not eligible in water bacterial quality.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP BAB, DAN KEPEMILIKAN SEPTIC TANK DENGAN STATUS ODF (OPEN DEFECATION FREE) DI KECAMATAN CANDISARI KOTA SEMARANG Hadiati Sukma Ika Pertiwi; Mursid Rahardjo; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 6, No 6 (2018): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (208.301 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v6i6.22169

Abstract

ODF (Open Defecation Free) is one of the conditions of a society has done a total sanitation that is not defecate carelessly.  In April 2018, Candisari has the lowest percentage of ODF from 16 sub districts in Semarang City which is 28% with 14% percentage of villages verified and 14% villages with sanitation access. Theapurposeaofathisaresearchaisatoaknowathearelationshipaof defecate behavior, defecate attitude, and avaiblability of septic tank. This research is analytic observational research with cross sectional study design. Total population on this research is 22.455 Heads of Families with 67 samples. Dataaanalysisausingaunivariateaandabivariate analysis withaChi Square statistical test (significance level=0.05). Respondents with good knowledge (56.7%), positive defecate attitude (50.7%), and have a septic tank (25.4%). The Chi Square test shows that there is correlationabetweenaknowledge of respondent (p=0.029), defecate attitude of respondent (p=0.000), and avaibility of septic tank (0.000) with ODF status. From this research, there is correlation between knowledge, defecate attitude and avaibility of septic tank with ODF status in Candisari sub district.
HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN LALU LINTAS DENGAN KONSENTRASI COHB PADA MASYARAKAT BERISIKO TINGGI DI SEPANJANG JALAN NASIONAL KOTA SEMARANG Devy Noviandhita Anggarani; Mursid Rahardjo; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 4, No 2 (2016): MARET
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (118.37 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v4i2.11939

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Road transportation contributes significantly to pollution in urban areas. The more crowded the existing motor vehicle, the higher the pollution levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air. Exposure of pollutant gases such as CO in the blood (COHb) in humans will lead to a decrease in capacity of the blood to bind oxygen. This study aims to determine the relationship and influence of traffic density with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities along the national road of Semarang. This type of research is observational research with cross sectional approach. The population in this study was a 20 point national roads and citizens who perform activities along the national road. Samples from this study is the fifth street with the number of respondents as many as 29 people using quota sampling technique. The results of the study by Spearman rank test showed that there is a connection traffic density with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities in the national road of Semarang with (p = 0.0001, r = 0.629) and with linear regression test found no effect of traffic congestion ( p = 0.0001), air co levels (p = 0.04) and age (p = 0.009) with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities. The conclusion of this study is there is a relationship and influence of traffic density with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities. Suggestions in this research should be a routine check CO levels of air in the city of Semarang and the realignment of environmentally friendly commercial district.
INDEKS KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANDARHARJO KOTA SEMARANG Anggina May Deviar; Budiyono Budiyono; Mursid Rahardjo
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 4, No 4 (2016): JULI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (486.827 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v4i4.14344

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The environment is one section that has a major influence on people, especially for health. The prevalence of diarrhea in Bandarharjo Village is 7.44%, and the prevalence of diarrhea Tanjung Mas village is 3.41%, the prevalence of pneumonia in Bandarharjo Village is 3.83%, and the prevalence of pneumonia Tanjung Mas village is 0.90%. In this case, both have similiar conditions in terms of economy, education, and environmental problems that are rob, but they are different conditions of disease . Environmental Health Index is an instrument which is able to describe the environmental health conditions in a region. This study aimed to analyze the differences in environmental health index (EHI) in the rob area the city of Semarang. The method used was observational with cross sectional approach. Data were collected by questionnaire and observation of 200 respondents. Statistical analysis was used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney. The results showed both of EHI in the rob area that are in good categories totaling 59 homes (30%). The average of EHI in Bandarharjo higher than EHI at Tanjung Mas are 0.75 and 0.65 both of them which are still in the bad category. Based on the results of different test EHI value in the both village with α = 0.05 was obtained p-value <0.001. This indicates a significant difference in the value of EHI rob them. With this, we can conclude that rob area have a bad index value where the spread of the disease is also high so that it can be said environmental health index value can describe the incidence of disease in the rob area.