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All Journal Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Konversi Jurnal Teknik Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology
Hari Rionaldo
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Riau, Jl. HR Subantas KM 12,5, Kampus Bina Widya, Simpang Baru,Pekanbaru, Riau 28293
Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Alkaline Treatment of Oil Palm Frond Fibers by Using Extract of Oil Palm EFB Ash for Better Adhesion toward Polymeric Matrix Fatra, Warman; Sanjaya, Randi; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah; Rionaldo, Hari; Helwani, Zuchra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 47, No 5 (2015)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (294.663 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.5.3

Abstract

In Indonesia, 187 million tons of biomass were produced from 8.11 million ha of oil palm plantation in 2009. This massive amount of biomass mainly consists of oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), which are normally categorized as waste. The properties of OPF fibers compared to those of synthetic fibers, such as low density, low cost, less abrasion of equipment, and safer production, makes them an attractive reinforcement for composite materials. In this work, the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash for OPF fiber-polyester resin composite and the effect of process conditions were studied. Water absorption, tensile and flexural strength were used to characterize the effects of alkaline treatment on modified OPF fibers in polyester resin. The investigation focused on the effect of alkaline treatment time. Treatment temperature and liquid to solid ratio were analyzed using Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). The highest tensile strength (44.87 MPa) was achieved at 12 hours soaking time, at 40°C treatment temperature and 5:1 water to ash ratio. The highest flexural strength (120.50 MPa) was obtained at 1.3 hours soaking time, 4 dissolving ratio and 35°C treatment temperature. The lowest water absorption of composite (3.00%) was achieved at the longest soaking time (14.7 hours), 4 dissolving ratio and 35°C treatment temperature. Variance of soaking time, dissolving ratio and temperature in the alkaline treatment process using extract of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash significantly affected the mechanical and physical properties of the oil palm frond fibers reinforced composite.
Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Karakteristik Pulp Pada Fraksinasi Rumput Gajah Menggunakan Asam Formiat Dizikri, Dizikri; Helwani, Zuchra; Rionaldo, Hari; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Elephant grass is a lignocellulosic biomass which has not been utilized optimally. Fractination of elephant grass can be converted into valuable products, such as pulp. The objectives on this research is to study the effect of the process condition on pulp yield, cellulose and lignin content in pulp. The effect of process condition were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Fractionation of elephant grass performed on a normal boiling point of the solution with a concentration of formic acid (60%, 70% and 80%), the reaction time of 60-180 minutes, solid to liquid ratio of 10/1 to 20/1, 40 grams elephant grass, HCl catalyst 0.1% wt. This research has 4 stages process that are cooking, screening, washing and drying. The pulp from process will be analyzed for yield pulp, alpha celluose content and lignin content. The result shows that fractionation of elephant grass have yield pulp of 53.6% to 73.7%, cellulose pulp of 84.03% to 93.97% and lignin pulp of 11% to 19.5%. the concentration of formic acid and reaction time influence each response significantly.Keywords: biomass fractionantion, central composite design, elephant grass, response surface methodology.
Pembuatan Pulp Dari Rumput Gajah Dengan Pelarut Organik Asam Formiat Syahputra, Dede; Helwani, Zuchra; Rionaldo, Hari; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Elephant grass is lignocellulosic material that has the potential as raw material in pulping process. The objective of this research is to study effect of operational condition on the characteristic of pulp. Effect of the process condition were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). Pulping Experiment were carried out at the boiling temperature of cooking liquorat atmosphere ic pressure with 40 gram of elephent grass with a concentration of formic acid were 60%, 70%, and 80%, cooking time were 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes, solid to liquor ratio were 10/1, 15/1, and 20/1, and catalyst HCl was 0,1%. The result showed that pulp of the elephant grass have yield pulp of 53,6% - 73,7%, lignin content of 11% - 19,5%, and tensile index of 47,93 – 205,491 Nm/g.   Keywords:  organosolv pulping, formic acid, elephant grass, CCD, RSM.
Optimasi Kondisi Proses Pembuatan Pulp Tandan Kosong Sawit Rafi, M Khaidiz; Helwani, Zuchra; Rionaldo, Hari; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The use of wood for paper making in Indonesia can be reduced by biomass materials and non-wood raw materials. Indonesia is the country that produces the largest palm oil in the world with a total oil palm plantation area of 11 million Ha and a total palm oil production of 33 million tons / year [Ministry of Agriculture, 2016]. Reduce palm oil mill waste can be use by utilizing oil palm empty fruit bunch as alternative raw material in making paper. A central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to optimize the soda pulping of oil palm empty fruit bunch. The effects of three independent variables are temperature (120oC, 130oC and 140oC), cooking time (60, 120 and 180 min), solid to liquor ratio (1/8, 1/10 and 1/12) on pulp yield, lignin content, and physical properties of pulp were investigated. The major parameter influencing was the solid to liquor ratio for pulp yield and lignin content. According to the response surface analysis the optimum conditions for yiled pulp 50,66% and lignin content of 5,2% would be obtained using a cooking time of 60 minute, at 180◦C and with a solid to solid to liquor ratio of 1/12 with desirability value 0.788. On the physical characteristics of the pulp the value obtained for the burst index is 21.769 kPa m2/g, tensile index 0.570875 mN.m2/g and tear index 548.791 mN/g.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunch, optimization, CCD, RSM.
Pemanfaatan Gliserol Dari Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Melalui Proses Esterifikasi Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Rizki, Juliana; Helwani, Zuchra; Rionaldo, Hari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol by-product of biodiesel through transesterification reaction is currently not fully utilized as raw materials or as chemical products. Crude glycerol can be purified to be processed into more useful products. Through conversion into triacetin with the esterification process using acetic acid and solid catalyst in the form of natural zeolite. Triacetin can be used for food and non-food. The objective of this study was to study the effect of catalyst loading natural zeolite and temperature on glycerol conversion on triacetin production process. The experiments were carried in batch process with time of reaction 4 hours were optimum for glycerol conversion, the molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid 1 : 7 and size of catalyst -100 mesh and +150 mesh with variation of reaction temperature (90, 100, and 110 oC) and catalyst concentration (1%, 3%, and 5%-w). The results of the qualitative analysis by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed there is triacetin as product. Increasing of temperature reaction increased of glycerol conversion. But increasing of catalyst loading not increased of glycerol conversion. The glycerol conversion was 96,49%, where obtained using the reaction condition: temperature 110 oC and catalyst of natural zeolite was 3% (w/w) acetic acid based. Keywords: glycerol, esterification, zeolites, triacetin
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Program Simulasi Kesetimbangan Termodinamika untuk Proses Gasifikasi Biomassa Rionaldo, Hari; Zulfansyah; Mazlani
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 20 No 1 (2021): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26874/jt.vol20no1.416

Abstract

The non-stoichiometric thermodynamic equilibrium simulation program for the biomass gasification process was developed using the Python programming language. It is featured with a GUI (Graphical Users Interface), to facilitate user interaction. The program is designed to calculate the composition of gas producer with 6 components involved, they are CH4, CO, CO2, H2, N2, and H2O. The design of computational algorithms for calculating non-stoichiometric thermochemical equilibrium models is converted into Python code. The GUI consists of input and output facilities in form of tables and graphs of calculation results. The input facility is designed in such a way that the user can vary the gasification temperature and the equivalent ratio. The calculation results of the simulation program are verified with the calculated data manually to ensure that there are no errors in the algorithm or writing program code. It is also compared with the experimental data from previous studies to see the accuracy of the thermodynamic model in predicting the composition of gas producer. The non-stoichiometric thermodynamic equilibrium simulation program for the biomass gasification process can predict the composition of producer gas with a fairly good level of accuracy and can be used as a learning medium in studying thermodynamic equilibrium.
Prarancangan Pabrik Fatty Alcohol Dari Cpo (Crude Palm Oil) Dengan Disain Alat Utama Menara Distilasi Fatty Alcohol Anggrayni, Elma; Rionaldo, Hari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Fatty alcohol is needed in various industries such as the perfume, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. The need for fatty alcohol continues to increase every year. The import of fatty alcohol has been carried out but the demand for fatty alcohol has not been met. this led to the establishment of a fatty alcohol factory with the main raw material being crude palm oil to cover this need. This factory was built with a capacity of 130,000 tons/year which will be established in Pelintung, Dumai. The fatty alcohol production process is carried out with 3 processes such as pretreatment, transesterification and hydrogenation. The main equipment design in this factory is fatty alcohol distillation which works to separate fatty alcohol as the top product from methyl ester as the base product. The feed, distillate and bottom temperatures in this distillation tower are 150 oC, 147.016 oC and 231.355 oC with a pressure of 1 atm. The fatty alcohol distillation has 5.99 m (235.8268 in) high, 0,8 m (31.52 in) outside diameter, and uses skirt support. Economic analysis on the design of this plant shows that this plant is feasible to build with a factory Payback Period (PBP) of 0.93 years and BEP at a capacity of 20 %. Keywords:Crude palm oil, economic analysis, fatty alcohol, hydrogenation, transesterification,
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Di Slaker I-V Terhadap Variasi Total Active Alkali White Liquor Di Unit Recausticizing Plant PT. RAPP Hutagalung, Maha Putra; Fermi, M. Iwan; Rionaldo, Hari; Siregar, Dompak M.
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The Kraft pulping process has become the most widely used pulping process in the papermaking industry since its discovery in 1879.This process has three main advantages over other pulping processes, namely the resulting fiber is stronger, can be applied to all wood species. Both softwood and hardwood, and lower operating costs due to the chemical can be reprocessed at a high efficiency of around 97%. One of the units in chemical reprocessing is a plant that aims to produce white liquid (WL) from green liquid (GL) which is then used as a medium for cooking chips in the Digester. This study aims to study temperature variations in the I-V slaker unit at PT. RAPP on the total active alkali (TAA) variation of WL in WL tanks. The temperature of each slaker was correlated with TAA WL using a linear regression approach and was re-tested by comparing the causticizing efficiency in each slaker. To get the optimal operational process in each slaker for the variation of TTA GL and temperature in the slaker, the multiple regression method approach was used. The TAA WL prediction results from multiple regression between TTA and temperature in the slaker were then compared with the TAA WL obtained in the laboratory and it was found that the two values were very close. So this method can be used to determine the optimal operation for variations in TTA GL and temperature in the slaker. If the variation of TAA WL is very small, the proportion of alkaline charge used in the digester can be so that the operational costs can be drawn. Keywords: Kraft Pulp, Slaker, Causticizing Efficiency, Green Liquor, Total active alkali, White Liquor
Pengaruh Penambahan Wollastonite dan Variasi GCC/PCC Terhadap Kekuatan Kertas Dalam Proses Pembuatan Kertas Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah; Rionaldo, Hari; Hasudungan, Janso
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Filler is one of component used in papermaking industry to reduce production cost and improve paper properties. Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) and Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) are the most effective filler used in papermaking process. However, high usage of GCC and PCC may decrease paper strength. As an attempt to increase filler application in the papermaking process, wollastonite / calcium silicate is used as an additive to increase filler retention, without reduction in paper strength. The filler modification was done by adding 2% wollastonite per total filler dose. This study will evaluate the effect of adding wollastonite on filler retention and paper strength at filler doses of 21, 23 and 25% with variations in the percentage composition of PCC / GCC from 100/0, 90/10, and 80/20. The addition of wollastonite to filler with the resulted in increasing filler retention and no significant change in tensile index. Basis weight and thickness also showed stable values. The best filler retention obtained at 23% filler dose, with filler composition of 90% PCC 90% and 10% GCC, which resulted in 99% filler retention of the total filler dose added. The addition of 2% wollastonite in paper-making process will increase filler dose from 21% to 23%, which reducing fiber usage, therefore it the addition of wollastonite has the potential to reduce raw material costs by 5.8 USD / ton.Keyword : Filler, Filler retention, PCC, GCC, Wollastonite
Prarancangan Pabrik Fatty Alcohol Dari Cpo (Crude Palm Oil) Dengan Disain Alat Utama Menara Distilasi Methyl Ester Panjaitan, Angga Marusaha Tamba; Rionaldo, Hari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Fatty Alcohol (fat alcohol) is a product of CPO processing. Fatty Alcohol is a derivative of vegetable fats and animal oils and is a non-oil and gas export commodity that is needed in various industries such as the perfume, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. The need for fatty alcohol continues to increase every year. The import of fatty alcohol has been carried out but the demand for fatty alcohol has not been met. this led to the establishment of a fatty alcohol factory with the main raw material being crude palm oil to cover this need. This factory was built with a capacity of 130,000 tons/year which will be established in Pelintung, Dumai. The fatty alcohol production process is carried out with 3 processes such as pretreatment, transesterification and hydrogenation. The main equipment design in this factory is fatty alcohol distillation which works to separate fatty alcohol as the top product from methyl ester as the base product. The feed, distillate and bottom temperatures in this distillation tower are 170 oC, 160.969 oC and 330.336 oC with a pressure of 1 atm. The fatty alcohol distillation has 11.225 m (441.929 in) high, 1,859 m (73.191 in) outside diameter, and uses skirt support. Economic analysis on the design of this plant shows that this plant is feasible to build with a factory Payback Period (PBP) of 0.93 years and BEP at a capacity of 20 %. Keywords:Crude palm oil, economic analysis, fatty alcohol, hydrogenation, transesterification,
Co-Authors Anggrayni, Elma Dharmayanti, Dian Dizikri, Dizikri Hasudungan, Janso Hutagalung, Maha Putra M. Iwan Fermi Mazlani Mutia, Sarah Nurhayati Nurhayati Pamungkas, Tegar Panjaitan, Angga Marusaha Tamba Prasetyo, Gandi Rafi, M Khaidiz Rahmatullah, Faiprianda Assyari Randi Sanjaya, Randi Rizki, Juliana Siregar, Dompak M. Syafril, Novia Syahputra, Dede Warman Fatra, Warman Z Zulfansyah Zuchra Helwani, Zuchra Zulfansyah Zulfansyah