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Physiological responses and P5CS gene expression of transgenic oil palm plantlet induced by drought stress Turhadi TURHADI; Hayati MINARSIH; Imron RIYADI; . PRIYONO; Asmini BUDIANI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 88, No 2 (2020): Oktober,2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.386

Abstract

Drought is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation, such as in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The transgenic approaches are expected to increase plant tolerance to drought stress and minimize low productivity when drought occurs. Proline is an osmoprotectant compound in plants which its biosynthesis involved the P5CS gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance level of P5CS-transgenic oil palm to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). In this present study, the transgenic and non-transgenic oil palms were treated by  0, 2, and 4% PEG-6000 under in vitro conditions. The experiment was arranged as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The drought level score, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and proline content, as well as P5CS gene expression in leaf tissues were observed at 7 and 14 days after stress treatments. The result showed that transgenic plantlets had a lower drought level score than those of non-transgenic lines. A concentration of 4% PEG-6000 treatment reduced the total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than that of 2% concentration in non-transgenic plantlets at 7 and 14 day after treatments (DAT). In addition, proline content and P5CS gene expression level in transgenic had been significantly increased during stress treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the P5CS transgene increased the drought stress tolerance of oil palm.
Transformation of Coffee arabica using chitinase gene and regeneration of planlets from transformed-zygotic embryos Transformasi Coffea arabica menggunakan gen kitinase dan regenerasi planlet dari embrio zigotik-transforman Asmini BUDIANI; T CHAIDAMSARI; . PRIYONO; S MAWARDI; . SISWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 68, No 2: Desember 2000
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (279.03 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v68i2.138

Abstract

RingkasanRekayasa genetika kopi arabika tahan penyakit cendawan dapat dilakukan dengan  cara memasukkan gen kitinase (gen chi) ke dalam genom tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengintroduksikan gen chi pada  kopi arabika serta meregenerasi eksplan yang ditransformasi menjadi plantlet. Gen chi disubkloning dari pBS G11 ke dalam plasmid pCAMBIA2301. Melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plasmid rekombinan pCAMBIA2301/35s-chi kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam eksplan daun dan embrio zigotik kopi arabika. Eksplan daun transforman ditumbuhkan pada media seleksi yang mengandung kanamisin untuk induksi kalus embriogenik . Beberapa kombinasi 2,4-D dan dicamba serta kinetin, BAP dan 2-iP diuji kemampuannya untuk menginduksi terbentuknya kalus embriogenik. Embrio zigotik transforman ditumbuhkan pada media MS modifikasi yang mengandung kanamisin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tipe sitokinin dan kombinasinya dengan 2,4-D atau dicamba. menyebabkan terjadinya variasi  persentase pembentukan kalus embriogenik tahan kanamisin.  Penambahan 100 mg/L kanamisin dalam media seleksi cukup efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan eksplan daun nontransforman. Persentase tertinggi induksi kalus embriogenik pada eksplan daun non transforman maupun transforman diperoleh pada media yang mengandung 5 mM 2,4- D dengan 5 mM of kinetin atau 5 mg/L dicamba dengan 5 mM BAP. Sedangkan dalam media dengan penambahan 5 mM kinetin, 100 mg/L asam sitrat dan 100 ppm asam askorbat, jumlah eksplan yang membentuk kalus mencapai optimum pada konsentrasi 0 dan 1 ppm dicamba untuk eksplan transforman dan 10 mg/L dicamba untuk non transforman. Pada eksplan embrio zigotik transforman, peningkatan konsentrasi kanamisin dari 100 mg/L hingga 500 ppm menurunkan persentase pengecambahan embrio dari 80.5 % menjadi 49%, persentase perakaran, dari 34 % menjadi 16%, jumlah akar, panjang akar dan tinggi tunas dari 7 mm menjadi 4 mm.  Pada semua perlakuan kanamisin, embrio zigotik non transforman tidak membentuk akar dan pada umur kultur yang sama tunas yang dihasilkan lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan embrio-zigotik transforman. Hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa gen ketahanan terhadap kanamisin (NPTII) telah terinsersi dan terekspresi dengan baik pada plantlet kopi arabika yang berasal dari eksplan embrio-zigotik transforman. Karena gen chi  dikonstruksi dalam satu vektor dengan NPTII, maka diharapkan gen tersebut juga telah terinsersi ke dalam genom tanaman kopi.SummaryGenetic engineering of arabica coffee resistant to fungal diseases might be done by introducing a chitinase-encoding gene (chi) into genome of this plant. This research was aimed to introduce chi construct into arabica coffee and regenerate plantlets from the transformed explants. The chi gene was previously subcloned from pBS G11 into pCAMBIA2301 plasmid. With Agrobacterium tumefaciens,the recombinant plasmid pCAMBIA2301/35s-chi was then introduced into leaf and zygotic embryos explants of arabica coffee. The transformed leaf explants were cultured on the selection media containing kanamycin in the presence of several combinations of 2,4-D and dicamba with kinetin, BAP and 2-iP to induce the formation of embryogenic callus. The transformed zygotic embryos were cultured on the media of modified MS containing  kanamycin. The results showed that the several types of cytokinin used in combination with 2,4-D or dicamba caused the percentage of kanamycin resistant-embryogenic calli was varied. The addition of 100 mg/L kanamycin in the selection media was effective for inhibiting the  growth of untransformed explants. Among the several combinations of auxin and cytokinin tested, the highest percentage of embryogenisis for untransformed and transformed leaf explants  were achieved on the media containing 5 mM 2,4-D and 5 mM kinetin or 5 mg/L dicamba and 5 mM BAP. However in the presence of 5 mM kinetin together with antioxidants of 100 mg/L citric acid and 100 mg/L ascorbic acid, the explants calluses was optimum at 0 - 1 mg/L dicamba for transformed explants and 10 mg/L dicamba for untransformed explants. In the explants of transformed-zygotic embryos, increasing kanamycin from 100 mg/L up to 500 mg/L decreases the percentage of embryo germination from 80.5 % to 49%, rooted-shoots from 34 % to 16%, number of roots, root length and shoot length from 7 mm to 4 mm.  At all the kanamycin treatments, root was not developed from the untransformed-zygotic embryos and the lenght of shoots were shorter compared to the transformed-zygotic embryos. This result demonstrates that the kanamycin-resistant gene (NPTII) has been inserted and well expressed in the plantlets of arabica coffee derived from transformed-zygotic embryos. Since the chi gene was constructed in one vector with NPTII, this gene might also been inserted in the genome of coffee. 
Molecular markers and their application for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity studies in Coffea species Marka molekuler dan penerapannya untuk studi sidik jari DNA dan keragaman genetik pada spesies Coffea . PRIYONO; Riza Arief PUTRANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (324.678 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.30

Abstract

AbstrakStrategi klasik yang meliputi perbandingan anatomi, fisiologi dan sitogenetika telah banyak diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter tertentu serta untuk menentukan keragaman dan hubungan antar dan intra spesies. Namun, saat ini penanda molekuler telah melengkapi strategi sebelumnya dengan sangat cepat. Berbagai jenis penanda molekuler digunakan untuk menilai tingkat polimorfisme DNA. Penanda molekuler ini diklasifikasikan sebagai penanda berbasis hibridisasi dan berbasis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sistem penanda DNA yang berbeda seperti Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) yang juga disebut Mikrosatelit, Single Nucleotide Polymorphims (SNPs) dan lain-lain telah dikembangkan dan diterapkan pada berbagai spesies tanaman. Penanda molekuler ini dapat digunakan untuk sidik jari DNA dan studi keragaman genetik. Sidik jari berdasarkan DNA telah banyak digunakan dalam ilmu forensik, juga memiliki berbagai aplikasi dalam pemuliaan tanaman. Tulisan ini memberikan overview tentang berbagai penanda molekuler dan aplikasinya untuk sidik jari dan kajian keragaman genetik tanaman berdasarkan DNA pada berbagai spesies tanaman, dan secara khusus pada Coffea sp.AbstractConventional strategies including comparative anatomy, physiology and cytogenetics were applied to identify the certain character as well as to determine inter- and intra-species diversity and relationships. However, more recently molecular markers have very rapidly complemented the previous strategies. Various types of molecular markers are used to assess DNA polymorphism. They are classified as hybridization-based markers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers. In recent years, different DNA marker systems such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which also called as microsatellites, Single Nucleotide  Polymorphims  (SNPs)  and  others  have been developed and applied to a range of plant species. These molecular markers can be used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity study. DNA fingerprinting has been widely used in forensic science, but is has also a variety of application in plant breeding. This paper provides an overview about various molecular markers and their application for DNA plant fingerprinting and genetic diversity, especially in Coffea sp.
Genetic mapping studies in Coffea sp using molecular marker methods Studi peta genetik pada Coffea sp. menggunakan metode penanda molekuler . PRIYONO; Riza Arief PUTRANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 83, No 2: Desember 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (269.975 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i2.6

Abstract

AbstrakAnalisis genetik telah  menjadi alat yang penting  dalam  pemuliaan  tanaman untuk perbaikan sifat penting tanaman. Salah satu potensi terbesar dari analisis tersebut adalah identifikasi penanda molekuler yang berguna untuk pemetaan genetik. Pemetaan genetik  merupakan  salah satu langkah penting dari analisis  genetik.  Intisari  dari   semua pemetaan genetik adalah  menempatkan  koleksi  pe- nanda molekuler pada posisi tertentu dalam genom. Hal tersebut dapat kemudian digunakan untuk meng- identifikasi lokus sifat kuantitatif (QTLs) dengan memanfaatan keragaman genetik alami yang tersedia dan meningkatkan sifat-sifat penting serta berharga. Sampai saat ini, tiga belas peta genetik telah dipublikasi dan tersedia pada Coffea sp. yang menciptakan database besar untuk kerangka genetik. Sebuah peta genetik terbaru dengan akses terbuka dan berfungsi sebagai referensi telah dibangun oleh International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN). Peta tersebut tediri dari 3230 lokus, dengan panjang peta 1471 cM (1cm ~ 500 Kb) serta kepadatan satu penanda setiap 220 Kb. Peta-peta genetik pada tanaman kopi telah digunakan dari karakterisasi gen hingga analisis komparatif genom dengan spesies tanaman yang berbeda. Saat ini, pesatnya kemajuan teknologi New Genome Sequencing (NGS) untuk sekuensing DNA dan RNA memungkinkan validasi dari peta-peta genetik untuk prediksi QTLs serta gen-gen yang membawa sifat penting Coffea sp.AbstractGenetic analysis has become an important tool in plant breeding for crop improvement. One of their greatest potential appears to be the identification of molecular markers useful for genetic mapping. Genetic mapping is one of important steps in genetic analysis. The essence of all genetic mapping is to place a collection of molecular markers onto their respective positions on the genome. Thus, it leads to identification of new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by making benefits of natural available genetic diversity.and to improve important and valuable traits. Until present, thirteen genetic maps were published and available in Coffea sp. creating a huge database for genetic framework. One most recent and open reference genetic map for robusta coffee has been generated by the International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN) comprising 3230 loci, genetic size 1471 cM (1cM ~500 Kb), with an average density close to one marker every 220 Kb. The Coffea genetic maps have been utilized from gene characterization to genomic comparative analysis with different plant species. Nowadays, the feasibility of NGS for DNA and RNA sequencing allow the validation of genetic map related to the prediction of QTLs and adjacent genes related to important traits for Coffea sp. 
Transformasi kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) dengan gen kitinase melalui Agrobagterium tumefaciens LBA4404 Transformation of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) with chitinase gene mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 . SISWANTO; Fetrina OKTAVIA; Asmini BUDIANI; . , SUDARSONO; . PRIYONO; Surip MAWARDI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 71, No 2: Desember 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1075.003 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v71i2.162

Abstract

SummaryGenetic engineering of robusta coffee forresistance to pathogenic fungi is considered to beone of the potential approaches to overcome theproblem at robusta coffee plantation caused bypathogenic fungi. This research was aimed tointroduce chitinase (CHI) gene into embryogeniccalli of robusta coffee and regenerate theplantlets. Embryogenic calli were co-cultivatedwith Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404harboring pCAMBIA1301 which containschitinase gene under 35S promoter. In thisresearch four concentrations (0, 50, 100 and150 mg/L) of acetosyringone (AC) were used inthe co-cultivation medium. Selection fortransformed calli was conducted by graduallyincreasing the concentration of hygromicin from5 to 25 mg/L. Somatic embryo (SE) was inducedfrom callus on the medium containing acombination of BAP 5 mg/L and IAA (0, 0.25 or0.50 mg/L). Integration CHI in plant genome wasexamined by GUS assay and PCR. The resultrevealed that among the four AC concentrationstested, 100 mg/L gave the highest percentage ofcalli growing on the selection medium (42.5%).BAP concentration of 5 mg/L alone was the mosteffective for inducing of SE from transformedcalli with the highest percentage of 43.1% andaverage number SE of 8.8 ± 3. The strongestGUS expression on the calli at 3 days aftertransformation and the calli grown on selectionmedium containing 150 mg/L AC, which were56.5% and 40% respectivelly. PCR analysisshowed that 7 out of 12 plantlets tested,contained CHI gene. From this research 28transgenic plantlets of robusta coffee wereobtainedRingkasanRekayasa genetika untuk merakit tanamankopi robusta tahan jamur pathogen dipandangmerupakan salah satu pendekatan alternatif yangpotensial untuk mengatasi masalah padaperkebunan kopi robusta akibat serangan jamurpatogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meng-introduksikan gen kitinase (CHI) ke dalam kalusembriogenik kopi robusta dan regenerasinyamenjadi planlet, sebagai upaya untuk merakittanaman kopi robusta tahan serangan jamur.Kalus embriogenik diko-kultivasi denganAgrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 pembawapCAMBIA1301 yang mengandung gen kitinasedi bawah kontrol promotor 35S. Pada percobaanini, empat konsentrasi asetosiringon (AS) (0, 50,100 dan 150 mg/L) digunakan dalam medium ko-kultivasi. Seleksi kalus hasil transformasidilakukan dengan peningkatan konsentrasi higro-misin secara bertahap dari 5 mg/L sampai25 mg/L. ES diinduksi dari kalus pada mediumyang mengandung BAP 5 mg/L dan IAA (0; 0,25dan 0,50 mg/L). Integrasi gen CHI ke dalamgenom tanaman dianalisis melalui uji GUS danPCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa darikeempat konsentrasi AS yang diuji, AS 100 mg/Lternyata menghasilkan persentase tertinggi kalusyang tumbuh pada medium seleksi (42,5%).Konsentrasi BAP 5 mg/L tanpa penambahan IAAefektif menginduksi ES dari kalus hasiltransformasi dengan persentase tertinggi 43,1%dan rata-rata jumlah ES 8,8±3. Ekspresi GUStertinggi dideteksi pada kalus tiga hari setelahtransformasi dan kalus yang tumbuh di mediumseleksi yang mengandung AS 150 mg/L,masing-masing 56,5% dan 40,0 %. Analisis PCRmenunjukkan bahwa 7 planlet dari 12 planletyang diuji, membawa gen CHI. Dari penelitianini dihasilkan 28 planlet kopi robusta transgenik.
Genetic mapping studies in Coffea sp using molecular marker methods Studi peta genetik pada Coffea sp. menggunakan metode penanda molekuler . PRIYONO; Riza Arief PUTRANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 83 No. 2: 83 (2), 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i2.6

Abstract

AbstrakAnalisis genetik telah  menjadi alat yang penting  dalam  pemuliaan  tanaman untuk perbaikan sifat penting tanaman. Salah satu potensi terbesar dari analisis tersebut adalah identifikasi penanda molekuler yang berguna untuk pemetaan genetik. Pemetaan genetik  merupakan  salah satu langkah penting dari analisis  genetik.  Intisari  dari   semua pemetaan genetik adalah  menempatkan  koleksi  pe- nanda molekuler pada posisi tertentu dalam genom. Hal tersebut dapat kemudian digunakan untuk meng- identifikasi lokus sifat kuantitatif (QTLs) dengan memanfaatan keragaman genetik alami yang tersedia dan meningkatkan sifat-sifat penting serta berharga. Sampai saat ini, tiga belas peta genetik telah dipublikasi dan tersedia pada Coffea sp. yang menciptakan database besar untuk kerangka genetik. Sebuah peta genetik terbaru dengan akses terbuka dan berfungsi sebagai referensi telah dibangun oleh International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN). Peta tersebut tediri dari 3230 lokus, dengan panjang peta 1471 cM (1cm ~ 500 Kb) serta kepadatan satu penanda setiap 220 Kb. Peta-peta genetik pada tanaman kopi telah digunakan dari karakterisasi gen hingga analisis komparatif genom dengan spesies tanaman yang berbeda. Saat ini, pesatnya kemajuan teknologi New Genome Sequencing (NGS) untuk sekuensing DNA dan RNA memungkinkan validasi dari peta-peta genetik untuk prediksi QTLs serta gen-gen yang membawa sifat penting Coffea sp.AbstractGenetic analysis has become an important tool in plant breeding for crop improvement. One of their greatest potential appears to be the identification of molecular markers useful for genetic mapping. Genetic mapping is one of important steps in genetic analysis. The essence of all genetic mapping is to place a collection of molecular markers onto their respective positions on the genome. Thus, it leads to identification of new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by making benefits of natural available genetic diversity.and to improve important and valuable traits. Until present, thirteen genetic maps were published and available in Coffea sp. creating a huge database for genetic framework. One most recent and open reference genetic map for robusta coffee has been generated by the International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN) comprising 3230 loci, genetic size 1471 cM (1cM ~500 Kb), with an average density close to one marker every 220 Kb. The Coffea genetic maps have been utilized from gene characterization to genomic comparative analysis with different plant species. Nowadays, the feasibility of NGS for DNA and RNA sequencing allow the validation of genetic map related to the prediction of QTLs and adjacent genes related to important traits for Coffea sp. 
Molecular markers and their application for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity studies in Coffea species Marka molekuler dan penerapannya untuk studi sidik jari DNA dan keragaman genetik pada spesies Coffea . PRIYONO; Riza Arief PUTRANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 82 No. 1: 82 (1), 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.30

Abstract

AbstrakStrategi klasik yang meliputi perbandingan anatomi, fisiologi dan sitogenetika telah banyak diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter tertentu serta untuk menentukan keragaman dan hubungan antar dan intra spesies. Namun, saat ini penanda molekuler telah melengkapi strategi sebelumnya dengan sangat cepat. Berbagai jenis penanda molekuler digunakan untuk menilai tingkat polimorfisme DNA. Penanda molekuler ini diklasifikasikan sebagai penanda berbasis hibridisasi dan berbasis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sistem penanda DNA yang berbeda seperti Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) yang juga disebut Mikrosatelit, Single Nucleotide Polymorphims (SNPs) dan lain-lain telah dikembangkan dan diterapkan pada berbagai spesies tanaman. Penanda molekuler ini dapat digunakan untuk sidik jari DNA dan studi keragaman genetik. Sidik jari berdasarkan DNA telah banyak digunakan dalam ilmu forensik, juga memiliki berbagai aplikasi dalam pemuliaan tanaman. Tulisan ini memberikan overview tentang berbagai penanda molekuler dan aplikasinya untuk sidik jari dan kajian keragaman genetik tanaman berdasarkan DNA pada berbagai spesies tanaman, dan secara khusus pada Coffea sp.AbstractConventional strategies including comparative anatomy, physiology and cytogenetics were applied to identify the certain character as well as to determine inter- and intra-species diversity and relationships. However, more recently molecular markers have very rapidly complemented the previous strategies. Various types of molecular markers are used to assess DNA polymorphism. They are classified as hybridization-based markers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers. In recent years, different DNA marker systems such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which also called as microsatellites, Single Nucleotide  Polymorphims  (SNPs)  and  others  have been developed and applied to a range of plant species. These molecular markers can be used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity study. DNA fingerprinting has been widely used in forensic science, but is has also a variety of application in plant breeding. This paper provides an overview about various molecular markers and their application for DNA plant fingerprinting and genetic diversity, especially in Coffea sp.
Transformation of Coffee arabica using chitinase gene and regeneration of planlets from transformed-zygotic embryos Transformasi Coffea arabica menggunakan gen kitinase dan regenerasi planlet dari embrio zigotik-transforman Asmini BUDIANI; T CHAIDAMSARI; . PRIYONO; S MAWARDI; . SISWANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 68 No. 2: 68 (2), 2000
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v68i2.138

Abstract

RingkasanRekayasa genetika kopi arabika tahan penyakit cendawan dapat dilakukan dengan  cara memasukkan gen kitinase (gen chi) ke dalam genom tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengintroduksikan gen chi pada  kopi arabika serta meregenerasi eksplan yang ditransformasi menjadi plantlet. Gen chi disubkloning dari pBS G11 ke dalam plasmid pCAMBIA2301. Melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plasmid rekombinan pCAMBIA2301/35s-chi kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam eksplan daun dan embrio zigotik kopi arabika. Eksplan daun transforman ditumbuhkan pada media seleksi yang mengandung kanamisin untuk induksi kalus embriogenik . Beberapa kombinasi 2,4-D dan dicamba serta kinetin, BAP dan 2-iP diuji kemampuannya untuk menginduksi terbentuknya kalus embriogenik. Embrio zigotik transforman ditumbuhkan pada media MS modifikasi yang mengandung kanamisin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tipe sitokinin dan kombinasinya dengan 2,4-D atau dicamba. menyebabkan terjadinya variasi  persentase pembentukan kalus embriogenik tahan kanamisin.  Penambahan 100 mg/L kanamisin dalam media seleksi cukup efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan eksplan daun nontransforman. Persentase tertinggi induksi kalus embriogenik pada eksplan daun non transforman maupun transforman diperoleh pada media yang mengandung 5 mM 2,4- D dengan 5 mM of kinetin atau 5 mg/L dicamba dengan 5 mM BAP. Sedangkan dalam media dengan penambahan 5 mM kinetin, 100 mg/L asam sitrat dan 100 ppm asam askorbat, jumlah eksplan yang membentuk kalus mencapai optimum pada konsentrasi 0 dan 1 ppm dicamba untuk eksplan transforman dan 10 mg/L dicamba untuk non transforman. Pada eksplan embrio zigotik transforman, peningkatan konsentrasi kanamisin dari 100 mg/L hingga 500 ppm menurunkan persentase pengecambahan embrio dari 80.5 % menjadi 49%, persentase perakaran, dari 34 % menjadi 16%, jumlah akar, panjang akar dan tinggi tunas dari 7 mm menjadi 4 mm.  Pada semua perlakuan kanamisin, embrio zigotik non transforman tidak membentuk akar dan pada umur kultur yang sama tunas yang dihasilkan lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan embrio-zigotik transforman. Hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa gen ketahanan terhadap kanamisin (NPTII) telah terinsersi dan terekspresi dengan baik pada plantlet kopi arabika yang berasal dari eksplan embrio-zigotik transforman. Karena gen chi  dikonstruksi dalam satu vektor dengan NPTII, maka diharapkan gen tersebut juga telah terinsersi ke dalam genom tanaman kopi.SummaryGenetic engineering of arabica coffee resistant to fungal diseases might be done by introducing a chitinase-encoding gene (chi) into genome of this plant. This research was aimed to introduce chi construct into arabica coffee and regenerate plantlets from the transformed explants. The chi gene was previously subcloned from pBS G11 into pCAMBIA2301 plasmid. With Agrobacterium tumefaciens,the recombinant plasmid pCAMBIA2301/35s-chi was then introduced into leaf and zygotic embryos explants of arabica coffee. The transformed leaf explants were cultured on the selection media containing kanamycin in the presence of several combinations of 2,4-D and dicamba with kinetin, BAP and 2-iP to induce the formation of embryogenic callus. The transformed zygotic embryos were cultured on the media of modified MS containing  kanamycin. The results showed that the several types of cytokinin used in combination with 2,4-D or dicamba caused the percentage of kanamycin resistant-embryogenic calli was varied. The addition of 100 mg/L kanamycin in the selection media was effective for inhibiting the  growth of untransformed explants. Among the several combinations of auxin and cytokinin tested, the highest percentage of embryogenisis for untransformed and transformed leaf explants  were achieved on the media containing 5 mM 2,4-D and 5 mM kinetin or 5 mg/L dicamba and 5 mM BAP. However in the presence of 5 mM kinetin together with antioxidants of 100 mg/L citric acid and 100 mg/L ascorbic acid, the explants calluses was optimum at 0 - 1 mg/L dicamba for transformed explants and 10 mg/L dicamba for untransformed explants. In the explants of transformed-zygotic embryos, increasing kanamycin from 100 mg/L up to 500 mg/L decreases the percentage of embryo germination from 80.5 % to 49%, rooted-shoots from 34 % to 16%, number of roots, root length and shoot length from 7 mm to 4 mm.  At all the kanamycin treatments, root was not developed from the untransformed-zygotic embryos and the lenght of shoots were shorter compared to the transformed-zygotic embryos. This result demonstrates that the kanamycin-resistant gene (NPTII) has been inserted and well expressed in the plantlets of arabica coffee derived from transformed-zygotic embryos. Since the chi gene was constructed in one vector with NPTII, this gene might also been inserted in the genome of coffee. 
Transformasi kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) dengan gen kitinase melalui Agrobagterium tumefaciens LBA4404 Transformation of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) with chitinase gene mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 . SISWANTO; Fetrina OKTAVIA; Asmini BUDIANI; . , SUDARSONO; . PRIYONO; Surip MAWARDI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 71 No. 2: 71 (2), 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v71i2.162

Abstract

SummaryGenetic engineering of robusta coffee forresistance to pathogenic fungi is considered to beone of the potential approaches to overcome theproblem at robusta coffee plantation caused bypathogenic fungi. This research was aimed tointroduce chitinase (CHI) gene into embryogeniccalli of robusta coffee and regenerate theplantlets. Embryogenic calli were co-cultivatedwith Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404harboring pCAMBIA1301 which containschitinase gene under 35S promoter. In thisresearch four concentrations (0, 50, 100 and150 mg/L) of acetosyringone (AC) were used inthe co-cultivation medium. Selection fortransformed calli was conducted by graduallyincreasing the concentration of hygromicin from5 to 25 mg/L. Somatic embryo (SE) was inducedfrom callus on the medium containing acombination of BAP 5 mg/L and IAA (0, 0.25 or0.50 mg/L). Integration CHI in plant genome wasexamined by GUS assay and PCR. The resultrevealed that among the four AC concentrationstested, 100 mg/L gave the highest percentage ofcalli growing on the selection medium (42.5%).BAP concentration of 5 mg/L alone was the mosteffective for inducing of SE from transformedcalli with the highest percentage of 43.1% andaverage number SE of 8.8 ± 3. The strongestGUS expression on the calli at 3 days aftertransformation and the calli grown on selectionmedium containing 150 mg/L AC, which were56.5% and 40% respectivelly. PCR analysisshowed that 7 out of 12 plantlets tested,contained CHI gene. From this research 28transgenic plantlets of robusta coffee wereobtainedRingkasanRekayasa genetika untuk merakit tanamankopi robusta tahan jamur pathogen dipandangmerupakan salah satu pendekatan alternatif yangpotensial untuk mengatasi masalah padaperkebunan kopi robusta akibat serangan jamurpatogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meng-introduksikan gen kitinase (CHI) ke dalam kalusembriogenik kopi robusta dan regenerasinyamenjadi planlet, sebagai upaya untuk merakittanaman kopi robusta tahan serangan jamur.Kalus embriogenik diko-kultivasi denganAgrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 pembawapCAMBIA1301 yang mengandung gen kitinasedi bawah kontrol promotor 35S. Pada percobaanini, empat konsentrasi asetosiringon (AS) (0, 50,100 dan 150 mg/L) digunakan dalam medium ko-kultivasi. Seleksi kalus hasil transformasidilakukan dengan peningkatan konsentrasi higro-misin secara bertahap dari 5 mg/L sampai25 mg/L. ES diinduksi dari kalus pada mediumyang mengandung BAP 5 mg/L dan IAA (0; 0,25dan 0,50 mg/L). Integrasi gen CHI ke dalamgenom tanaman dianalisis melalui uji GUS danPCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa darikeempat konsentrasi AS yang diuji, AS 100 mg/Lternyata menghasilkan persentase tertinggi kalusyang tumbuh pada medium seleksi (42,5%).Konsentrasi BAP 5 mg/L tanpa penambahan IAAefektif menginduksi ES dari kalus hasiltransformasi dengan persentase tertinggi 43,1%dan rata-rata jumlah ES 8,8±3. Ekspresi GUStertinggi dideteksi pada kalus tiga hari setelahtransformasi dan kalus yang tumbuh di mediumseleksi yang mengandung AS 150 mg/L,masing-masing 56,5% dan 40,0 %. Analisis PCRmenunjukkan bahwa 7 planlet dari 12 planletyang diuji, membawa gen CHI. Dari penelitianini dihasilkan 28 planlet kopi robusta transgenik.
Physiological responses and P5CS gene expression of transgenic oil palm plantlet induced by drought stress Turhadi TURHADI; Hayati MINARSIH; Imron RIYADI; . PRIYONO; Asmini BUDIANI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.386

Abstract

Drought is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation, such as in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The transgenic approaches are expected to increase plant tolerance to drought stress and minimize low productivity when drought occurs. Proline is an osmoprotectant compound in plants which its biosynthesis involved the P5CS gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance level of P5CS-transgenic oil palm to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). In this present study, the transgenic and non-transgenic oil palms were treated by  0, 2, and 4% PEG-6000 under in vitro conditions. The experiment was arranged as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The drought level score, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and proline content, as well as P5CS gene expression in leaf tissues were observed at 7 and 14 days after stress treatments. The result showed that transgenic plantlets had a lower drought level score than those of non-transgenic lines. A concentration of 4% PEG-6000 treatment reduced the total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than that of 2% concentration in non-transgenic plantlets at 7 and 14 day after treatments (DAT). In addition, proline content and P5CS gene expression level in transgenic had been significantly increased during stress treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the P5CS transgene increased the drought stress tolerance of oil palm.