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All Journal Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Althea Medical Journal
Ramlan Sadeli
Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran
Medicine & Pharmacology

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Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp.in House Flies in Jatinangor Poravi, Reemarachna; Sadeli, Ramlan; Fitrasanti, Berlian Isnia; Sudigdoadi, Sunaryati
Althea Medical Journa Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journa

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Background: Diarrhea is a common problem in Indonesia and mostly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp., transmitted by house flies. The incidence of acute diarrhea has been rising over the years. The aim of this study is to determine if Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. can be found in house flies in Jatinangor.Methods: A descriptive study was done, involving 20 samples of house flies caught from houses and street vendors in Jatinangor during the period of March 2012 to January 2013. Bacteria were isolated from house flies and identified using various biochemical tests.Results: Shigella sp. was isolated from 5% of the house flies caught in Jatinangor. The house flies caught from the street vendors revealed a higher percentage of bacteria than those caught from houses.Conclusion: Only Shigella sp. can be isolated from house flies in Jatinangor. However, a small percentage of Shigella sp. was also found from the house flies captured around Jatinangor. [AMJ.2014;1(1):17–20]Keywords: house flies, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.Salmonella sp. dan Shigella sp. pada Lalat Rumah di JatinangorLatar Belakang: Di Indonesia, diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi dan sebagian besar disebabkan oleh bakteri pathogen seperti Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp yang terdapat pada lalat rumah. Angka kejadian diare akut terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan bakteri Salmonella sp. dan Shigella sp. pada lalat rumah di Jatinangor.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang melibatkan 20 sampel lalat rumah yang ditangkap dari rumah dan pedagang kaki lima (PKL) di Jatinangor selama periode Maret 2012–Januari 2013. Bakteri diisolasi dari lalat rumah dan diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan berbagai tes biokimia.Hasil: Shigella sp. diisolasi dari 5 % lalat rumah yang tertangkap di Jatinangor . Lalat rumah yang ditangkap dari PKL mempunyai persentase yang lebih tinggi daripada bakteri yang ditangkap dari rumah.Simpulan: Hanya Shigella sp. yang dapat diisolasi dari lalat rumah di Jatinangor. Sebagian kecil dari Shigella sp. juga ditemukan dari lalat rumah yang ditangkap di sekitar Jatinangor.Kata kunci: lalat rumah , Salmonella sp , Shigella sp
Detection of Dermatophyte between Toes of Medical Students Wearing and not Wearing Socks in Universitas Padjadjaran using Direct Microscopic Examination Magarita, Venna; Sadeli, Ramlan; Gunawan, Hendra
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Background: Dermatophytes thrive in warm, humid, and moist areas. Wearing the same socks more than A day is one predisposing factor. The aim of this study is to detect the dermatophyte between the fourth and fifth toes of medical students of Universitas Padjadjaran, who wear and do not wear socks.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study performed in Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran from September to October 2013. Direct microscopic examination using 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) was performed on 50 medical students, 25 students who wear socks and 25 students who do not wear socks. The samples were taken from scraped skin between the fourth and fifth toes using the cellophane tape method. The sample size is obtained via stratified random sampling.Results: From all participants, two students (4%) showed positive result of dermatophyte hyphae and 1 student (2%) showed positive result of dermatophyte hyphae and arthrospore. Of these three students, two students wear socks and one student does not wear socks. The two students who wear socks changed their socks more than a day.Conclusions: Dermatophyte was detected in only a few medical students of Universitas Padjadjaran, who wear and do not wear socks. [AMJ.2015;2(4):480–4] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.631
Dermatophytosis among Elementary School Students in Jatinangor West Java Saskia, Dwi Bandang; Ramali, Lies Marlysa; Sadeli, Ramlan
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Background: Dermatophytosis is a common skin disease in tropical countries. In Indonesia, the incidence of dermatophytosis is quite high. Epidemiological studies showed that prevalence of dermatophytosis in children were higher than in adults. The aim of this study was to identify dermatophytosis cases among elementary school students in Jatinangor West Java.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out, involving 391 students aged 6–16 years from four elementary schools in Jatinangor West Java, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Six classes were chosen from each school. In every class, students were chosen to obtain the minimum number of samples. The inclusion criteria was elementary school students who were willing to participate in this study. The exclusion criteria were students who did not attend school at the time when the study wasperformed. The study’s procedure consisted of six steps i.e. preparation, interview, screening, physical examination, specimen collection and microscopic examination. The collected data was processed by calculating the frequency and percentage.Results: The study discovered that out of 391 students, 197 suffered from non specific skin lesions. After confirmed by a dermatologist, three students were suspected to have dematophytosis lesion. From microscopical examinations by a microbiologist, two students had positive dermatophyte hyphae. The number of dermatophytosis cases in elementary school students, in Jatinangor was 0.5% (2/391).Conclusions: The incidence of dermatophytosis cases in this study is relatively low compared with other studies. Clinical features are tinea corporis. Both patients with positive dermatophyte hyphae are ten -year -old females. [AMJ.2016;3(2):165–9]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.808
Tinea Capitis among Elementary School Students in Jatinangor,Sumedang, West Java Aprilia, Dilla; Ramali, Lies Marlysa; Sadeli, Ramlan
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Background: Fungal infection is a common disease in tropical and subtropical countries. Warm and humid climates provide a favourable environment for organism causing superficial mycosis. One of the fungal infections that commonly occurred in children is tinea capitis. Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the hair and scalp caused by dermatophytes. The age predilection of this disease is children aged 3 until 14 years . The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of tinea capitis among elementary school students in Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 391 students from thefirst until sixth grade at four elementary schools in Jatinangor, in the period of September until October 2013. Anamnesis, physical examination, Wood’s lamp examination and direct microscopic examination were conducted to diagnose the disease. The collected data were analyzed and presented in the form of frequency distribution and percentages shown in tables.Results: Out of 391 students participating in this study, 194 were boys and 197 were girls. The age range was 6 until 16 years. Based on the screening results, 74 students were known to have complaints about their hair and scalp and only 49 students could continue the study as they have no positive result of tinea capitis.Conclusions: There is no positive findings of tinea capitis according to anamnesis, physical examination, Wood’s lamp examination and direct microscopic examination. Further examination by culture with Sabouraud’s dextrose agar should be carried out. [AMJ.2016;3(3):340–4] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.876
Efek Imunostimulasi Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Iles-iles Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Sel Makrofag pada Tikus Putih Strain Wistar yang Diinokulasi Staphylococcus aureus Makiyah, Arfatul; Husin, Usep Abdullah; Sadeli, Ramlan
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas makrofag, karena makrofag berperan penting dalam respons imun dan untuk menganalisis aktivitas fagositosis karena efek flavonoid dan polisakarida umbi iles-iles pada respons imun tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efek imunostimulasi ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles terhadap aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag pada tikus putih strain Wistar yang diinokulasi Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental laboratorium rancang acak lengkap terhadap tikus putih strain Wistar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan dilaksanakan bulan Januari–Maret 2012. Tikus putih strain Wistar sebanyak 30 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Tikus putih strain Wistar pada setiap perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 7 hari pada tanggal 1–7 Januari 2012. Parameter efek imunostimulan ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles terhadap aktivitas makrofag secara mikroskopis adalah peningkatan jumlah makrofag, indeks fagositosis, dan secara makroskopis adalah peningkatan indeks hati, limpa, serta timus. Secara mikroskopis melalui gambaran makrofag yang dinilai setelah 1, 3 jam, dan 6 jam inokulasi S. aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah makrofag pada kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 220 mg/kgBB pada perlakuan setelah 1, 3, dan 6 jam lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 110 mg/kgBB dan 55 mg/kgBB (p<0,05), begitu juga jika dibanding dengan kelompok pembanding Zymosan A dan kontrol (p<0,05). Simpulan, ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis BL.) memiliki efek imunostimulan dan memiliki efektivitas peningkatan respons imun lebih baik dibanding dengan kontrol pembanding zymosan A 35 mg/kgBB.  [MKB. 2016;48(2):68–77]Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol, indeks fagositosis, indeks hati, makrofag, umbi iles-ilesThe Effect of Iles-iles Tubers Ethanol Extract Immunostimulant on Macrophages Cell Phagocytic Activities in Wistar Strain White Rat Inoculated by Staphylococcus aureusAbstractThis study was conducted to test the activity of macrophages based on the notion that macrophages play an important role in the immune response. This study analyzed the phagocytic activities due to the effects of flavonoids and polysaccharides iles-iles tubers in the immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunostimulation effect of iles-iles tubers ethanol extract on phagocytic activities of macrophages in Wistar strain white rat inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. This study used a complete randomized design with wistar strain white rat. This study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from January–March 2012. Wistar strain white rats (n=30) were divided into 5 groups. Wistar strain white rats in each treatment group were given treatment that was administered orally for 7 days from 1–7 January 2012. The result shows that the number of macrophages in iles-iles tubers ethanol extract group that received  220 mg /kgBW dose after 1 hour, 3 hours, and 6 hours of treatment was higher than that of the tuber-iles iles ethanol extract that received 110 mg /kgBW and 55 mg/kgBW (p<0.05), both for Zymosan A comparison group and control group (p<0.05). Conclusion of this study is iles-iles tubers ethanol extract (Amorphophallus variabilis BL.) is effective for immune-stimulatory healing activity and has better effectiveness for improving immune response compared to zymosan A 35 mg/ kgBW. [MKB. 2016;48(2):68–77]Key words: Ethanol extract, iles-iles tubers, liver index, macrophages, phagocytic index DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n2.759
Co-Authors Achmad, Fariz Aprilia, Dilla Arfatul Makiyah Berlian Isnia Fitrasanti Lies Marlysa Ramali, Lies Marlysa Reemarachna Poravi Saskia, Dwi Bandang Sunaryati Sudigdoadi Usep Abdullah Husin Venna Magarita, Venna