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All Journal Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Plasma - Jurnal Kesehatan Universa Medicina Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Seminar Nasional Riset dan Teknologi (SEMNAS RISTEK)
Semuel Sandy
Balai Litbang Biomedis Papua, Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Jl. Kesehatan No. 10 Dok II, Jayapura
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Other

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Hubungan Higiene Perorangan dengan Kejadian Kecacingan pada Murid SD Negeri Abe Pantai Jayapura Martila, Martila; Sandy, Semuel; Paembonan, Nopita
JURNAL PLASMA Vol 1, No 2 Jun (2015)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (88.59 KB)

Abstract

Kecacingan merupakan salah satu penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang menjadi masalah bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Kecacingan dapat disebabkan oleh sejumlah cacing perut yang ditularkan melalui tanah disebutSoil Transmitted Helminths (STH) seperti cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides), cacing tambang Ancylostoma duodenale dan Necator americanus) dan cacingcambuk (Trichuris trichiura). Higiene perorangan dan sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik pada anak- anak merupakan faktor yang memudahkan penularan kecacingan.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan higiene perorangan dengan kejadian kecacingan pada murid SD Negeri Abe Pantai Jayapura. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik, dengan rancanganpotong lintang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh murid SD Negeri AbePantai Jayapura yang berjumlah 384 orang. Sampel yang terkumpul sebanyak 70 orang yang diambil secara stratified random sampling. Cara pemeriksaan tinja secara kualitatif dengan metode langsung (direct) menggunakan larutan lugol. Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik chi - square.Hasil penelitian diperoleh murid yang positif kecacingan sebanyak 50%, infeksi kecacingan terbanyak adalah Ascaris lumbricoides 48,5%, Trichuris trichiura 28,6%, Cacing Tambang 14,3%, dan infeksi campuran yang disebabkan oleh dua spesies atau lebih sebanyak 8,6%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan higiene perorangan dengan kejadian kecacingan pada murid SD Negeri Abe Pantai Jayapura (P Value= 0,47 dengan RP = 1,26, CI 95% 0,79-2,01).Kata Kunci :Kecacingan, Higiene PeroranganHelmints infection is an environmental based diasease and become a public health problem. and caused by Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus andTrishuris trichiura. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation are factors that contributed in worm infection.The aim of the research is to identify the relation between personal hygiene and worm infection among students of SD Negeri Abe Pantai Jayapura. An analytic and cross sectional study was conducted. Seventy stool samples were collected randomly and examine direct methode. Data was analyzed using ch-square. Results: 50% samples have worm infection, 48,5%,Ascaris lumbricoides,28,6%Trichuris trichiura, 14,3%hook worm and 8,6% samples have mixed infection. No relation between personal hygiene and worm infection amon students of SD Negeri Abe Pantai Jayapura (p>0,05).Keywords:Soil Transmitted Helminthes, Personal Hygiene
Entomological Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Saumlaki, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku Province Sandy, Semuel; Ayomi, Ivon; Suebu, Melda S; Maladan, Y; Pardi, M Rahardjo; Lewier, Jan
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Jurnal KEMAS Vol.12 No.2 : January 2017
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v12i2.5970

Abstract

The research aims to determine the prevalence of malaria and Anopheles spp using bio-ecology surveillance in Alusi and Waturu community health centers in Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency. The study was conducted in March-April 2015 with cross sectional design. In this research, we performed mass blood survey on 489 participants in the Kilmasa village and 434 participants in Waturu village. We also performed entomology surveillances, i.e. larval density, catching Anopheles spp, temperature, humidity, and salinity. To confirm malaria vectors, we used enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. The data analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed proportion 0.20% malaria morbidity in Kilmasa village and 0.23% in Waturu village. Anopheles flavirostris and An. barbirostris group were likely to bite a human outside and inside the house and peaked at 11.00 pm-12.00 pm. The parous rate of An. flavirostris and An. barbirostris was 46% and 26%, respectively. Human blood index of An.flavirostris and An. barbirostris was 33.3% and by 70%, respectively. Anopheles flavirostri and An. barbirostris were malaria vectors with sporozoite rate 0.38% and 12.5%, respectively.
Habit of cooking pork on hot stones as main risk of cysticercosis Sandy, Semuel; Oktavian, Antonius; Kawulur, Hanna S; Widiyanti, Mirna; Sasto, Iman HS; Maladan, Yustinus
Universa Medicina Vol 37, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2018.v37.88-96

Abstract

BackgroundCysticercosis is an infectious disease caused by the larval form of Taenia solium (cysticercus cellulosae) and has been ranked as the most important food-borne parasite of humans in terms of public health, socioeconomic and trade impact. Cysticercosis is still a health problem in Papua and is inseparable from socio-cultural factors, hygiene and environmental sanitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of cysticercosis and the risk factors that contribute to cysticercosis.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in March-November 2016 involving 800 subjects. Demographic data and risk factors were collected using questionnaires. Cysticercosis serological examination was performed by means of the magnetic microsphere bead immunoassay technique coupled with rT24H recombinant protein to detect serum rT24H cysticercosis specific antibodies. The data obtained were analyzed by bivariate test (chi-square) and logistic regression.ResultsCysticercosis seroprevalence in Papua was 3.6% (284/7 874). The logistic regression analysis found that the risk factors playing the role of predictor were cooking pork with hot stones [OR=3.06; 95%CI: 2.19-4.28; p=0.000], nail hygiene [OR=2.05; 95%CI: 1.57-2.67; p=0.000], consumption of raw vegetables or salads [OR=0.52; 95%CI: 0.30-0.91; p=0.022], use of river water for washing foods [OR= 1.92; 95%CI: 1.39-2.64; p=0.000].ConclusionsCooking pork with hot stones was the main risk factor of cysticercosis. Suspected cases of T. solium in pigs should be confirmed by molecular methods. Both taeniasis and human cysticercosis should be notifiable and surveillance in animals should be improved.
Entomological Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Saumlaki, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku Province Sandy, Semuel; Ayomi, Ivon; Suebu, Melda S; Maladan, Y; Pardi, M Rahardjo; Lewier, Jan
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 12, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v12i2.5970

Abstract

The research aims to determine the prevalence of malaria and Anopheles spp using bio-ecology surveillance in Alusi and Waturu community health centers in Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency. The study was conducted in March-April 2015 with cross sectional design. In this research, we performed mass blood survey on 489 participants in the Kilmasa village and 434 participants in Waturu village. We also performed entomology surveillances, i.e. larval density, catching Anopheles spp, temperature, humidity, and salinity. To confirm malaria vectors, we used enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. The data analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed proportion 0.20% malaria morbidity in Kilmasa village and 0.23% in Waturu village. Anopheles flavirostris and An. barbirostris group were likely to bite a human outside and inside the house and peaked at 11.00 pm-12.00 pm. The parous rate of An. flavirostris and An. barbirostris was 46% and 26%, respectively. Human blood index of An.flavirostris and An. barbirostris was 33.3% and by 70%, respectively. Anopheles flavirostri and An. barbirostris were malaria vectors with sporozoite rate 0.38% and 12.5%, respectively.
Climatology Influence on Malaria Cases in Alusi Community Health Center, West Southeast Maluku Regency Sandy, Semuel; Ayomi, Ivon
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 14, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v14i1.4553

Abstract

The west Southeast Maluku regency is a malaria endemic area with API of 29.99 / 1000 in 2014. Malaria is affected by climatology, therefore climatological changes can be used to predict increase in malaria cases. We used times series study research method of the climatology influence on malaria cases in Alusi Community Health Center. We used secondary data of malaria cases from Alusi Community Health Center and climatologic data (rainfall, wind speed, humidity temperature) from Saumlaki Meteorological, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. The research was conducted in March-April 2016 in West Southeast Maluku Regency.  The data was analysed by linear regression. The proportion of malaria cases was 38.3%; most infection occured in patients over 15 years old (71 cases). The linear regression analysis of climatological influence on malaria cases were as follows: humidity was r = 0.382; R2 = 0.146; p = 0.220, r = 0.172 temperature was; R2 = 0.03; p = 0.592, r = 0.345, rainfall was; R2 = 0.119; p = 0.272, and wind velocity was r = 0.07; R2 = 0.005; p = 0.828. We could concluded that climatology parameters showed positive correlation, but statistically insignificant relationship with malaria cases (p <0.05).
Seroepidemiology of Taeniasis in the Land of Papua Sandy, Semuel; S, Lidwina; O, Antonius S; K, Hanna S; W, Mirna; H, Hotma M; K, Hana; M, Yunita R; A, Ivon; Suebu, Melda S; M, Yustinus; S, Iman HS; H, Setyo; A, Yuli; F, Eva; N, Evi I; W, Irawati; Wahyuni, Tri; Tandjung, Ratna; P, Mardi R; C, Vatim D
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 15, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v15i1.9702

Abstract

Taeniasis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan infeksi cacing pita spesies T. solium, T. saginata dan T. asiatica. Papua merupakan daerah endemis T. solium. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui proporsi serta faktor yang mempengaruhi taeniasis di Provinsi Papua. Desain penelitian potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan Maret- Desember 2016. Jumlah sampel serum 7.874 dimana dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah ujung jari dan juga dilakukan wawancara pada masyarakat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan Chi Square. Teknik pemeriksaan sampel menggunakan capture sandwich immunoassay magnetic micropartikel untuk pemeriksaan antibody taeniasis (rES33) pada sampel serum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan prevalensi taeniasis di Papua 4,6 % dengan variabel yang berkaitan terhadap kejadian taeniasis antara lain: kebiasaan menggunakan alas kaki (p = 0,035), mencuci sayuran menggunakan air sungai (p = 0,001) dan sakit kepala (p = 0,0001).
Gambaran Subtipe HIV-1 dengan Kadar CD4, Stadium Klinis, dan Infeksi Oportunistik Penderita HIV/AIDS di Kota dan Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua Widiyanti, Mirna; Sandy, Semuel
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (173.632 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n1.738

Abstract

Jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia akhir Maret 2013 tercatat 103.759 kasus dan 43.347 kasus AIDS yang tersebar di Indonesia. Papua merupakan provinsi ketiga yang memiliki jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS cukup tinggi, yaitu 10.881 kasus HIV dan 7.795 kasus AIDS. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat distribusi subtipe HIV-1 yang dominan di Papua dan mengetahui hubungan subtipe HIV-1 dengan kadar CD4, stadium klinis, dan infeksi oportunistik penderita HIV/AIDS. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Pemeriksaan subtipe HIV-1 menggunakan RT-PCR dan sekuensing. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RSUD Dok II, RS Abepura, dan RSUD Yowari Kabupaten Jayapura pada bulan November–Desember 2012. Data CD4, stadium klinis, dan jenis infeksi oportunistik dicatat melalui rekam medis pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-kuadrat. Subtipe HIV-1 yang dominan ditemukan, yaitu CRF01_AE sebanyak 51 orang (54%) dan subtipe B sebanyak 43 orang (46%). Dari 94 pasien HIV sebanyak 62 orang (66%) menderita infeksi oportunistik TB paru dan beberapa menderita lebih dari satu jenis infeksi oportunistik. Uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna subtipe HIV-1 dengan kadar CD4 dan stadium klinis, tetapi menunjukkan korelasi bermakna terhadap infeksi oportunistik. Simpulan ditemukan subtipe HIV-1 yang dominan di Papua adalah CRF01_AE dan infeksi oportunistik terbanyak pada penderita adalah tuberkulosis. [MKB. 2016;48(1):1–6]Kata kunci: CD4, infeksi oportunistik, stadium klinis, subtipe HIV-1 Overview of HIV-1 Subtype with CD4 Levels, Clinical Stage and Opportunistic Infections HIV/AIDS in City and Regency of Jayapura-PapuaAbstractThe number of HIV/AIDS cases recorded in March 2013 in Indonesia is 103,759 HIV cases and 43,347 AIDS cases. Papua is the province that has the third highest number HIV/AIDS cases with 10,881 HIV cases and 7,795 AIDS cases. The aim of this study was to identify the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes which are dominant in Papua and to identify opportunistic infections related to HIV/AIDS and their relationship with HIV-1 subtypes. This study is a cross-sectional study. The identification of HIV-1 was performed using nested-PCR and sequencing to look for HIV-1 subtypes. The study was conducted in Dok II, Abepura and Yowari VCT Hospital in Jayapura District during the period of November–December 2012. CD4 and opportunistic infections were retrieved from patient medical records. Data were analyzed statistically using chi-square test. The dominant HIV-1 subtypes found were subtype CRF01-AE, which was found in 51 people (54%), and subtype B, which was found in 43 people (46%). Of 94 HIV patients, 62 (66%) respondents suffered from pulmonary tubeculosis opportunistic infection and some patients suffered more than one type of opportunistic infections. There was no significant difference found between the HIV-1 subtypes, CD4 level, and clinicial stage. However, a significant correlation with opportunistic infections was found. It is concluded that the dominant HIV-1 subtype in Papua is CRF01_AE with tuberculosis as the most frequent opportunistic infection. [MKB. 2016;48(1):1–6]Key words: CD4, clinical stage, HIV-1 subtypes, opportunistic infection 
Kajian Aspek Epidemiologi Echinococcosis Sandy, Semuel
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 41, No 4 (2014): Dermatologi
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.987 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v41i4.1147

Abstract

Echinococcosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis manusia dan hewan. Penyakit ini disebabkan cacing dewasa atau stadium larva (metacestoda) spesies Cestoda, genus Echinococcus (famili: Taeniidae). Manusia terinfeksi melalui makanan yang tercemar telur infektif Echinococcus spp oleh tinja hewan piaraan (anjing, kucing) dan hewan ternak ungulata (domba, babi, kuda, lembu, onta). Parasit cacing ini dapat menyebabkan cystic echinococcosis (CS), alveolar echinococcosis (AE) dan polycystic echinococcosis (PE) pada manusia yang banyak menyerang organ hati, jantung, paru dan otak. Penyakit ini berdampak sosial ekonomi karena biasa tanpa gejala sampai kista menyebar dan ruptur setelah 20-30 tahun. Penyakit echinococcosis masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di daerah endemik karena bersifat emerging dan re-emerging. Diagnosis dini metode serologi dapat positif palsu karena reaksi silang dengan Taenia spp. Pengobatan dengan mebendazole, albendazole, pembedahan kista dan PAIR (puncture, aspirasi, re-aspirasi). Di Indonesia penyakit ini pernah dilaporkan menginfeksi masyarakat di Danau Lindu Sulawesi Tengah berdasarkan pemeriksaan serologis. Namun pemeriksaan fases hewan piaraan anjing tidak menemukan telur dan cacing dewasa Echinococcus spp.Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease that can infect humans and animals. The disease is caused by adult worms or larvae stage (metacestoda) of Cestoda species, genus Echinococcus (family: Taeniidae). Humans were infected through food, vegetables and fruits contaminated by feces from infected pets (dogs, cats) and ungulate animals (sheep, pigs, horses, oxen, camels). In humans it can cause cystic echinococcosis (CS), alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and polycystic echinococcosis (PE) mostly found in the liver, heart, lung and brain. This disease has socioeconomic impact because the disease can last for a long period without symptoms until the cyst spread and ruptured after 20-30 years. Echinococcosis remains a health problem in endemic areas because it is re-emerging. Early diagnosis using serological methods may be false positive due to cross-reaction with Taenia spp. Treatment consist of mebendazole, albendazole, cyst surgery and PAIR (puncture, aspiration, re-aspiration). In Indonesia this disease have been reported in Lake Lindu in Central Sulawesi based on serological examination; but pet dog faeces examination failed to find eggs and adult Echinococcus spp.
PEMODELAN ENZIM GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE ANOPHELES FARAUTI SEBAGAI INHIBITOR INSECTISIDA GOLONGAN ORGANOFOSFAT Sandy, Semuel
Semnas Ristek (Seminar Nasional Riset dan Inovasi Teknologi) Vol 7, No 1 (2023): SEMNAS RISTEK 2023
Publisher : Universitas Indraprasta PGRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30998/semnasristek.v7i1.6272

Abstract

Enzim Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) (EC 2.5.1.18) terdiri dari golongan enzim multifungsi yang mengkatalisis konjugasi glutathione (GSH) menjadi senyawa elektrofilik. Isozim ini dianggap memainkan peran penting dalam detoksifikasi xenobiotic. Studi mengenai resistensi insektisida gologan organofosfat dan orgnoklorin terkait dengan peningkatan aktifitas enzim GST. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur pemodelan homologi enzim GTS Anopheles farauti. metode penelitin ini menggunakan data sekunder dari server UniProt, data urutan protein dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi ProtParam, dan SOPMA. Pemodelan homologi enzim GTS menggunakan server Swiss Model, dan validasi atau evaluasi struktrur tiga-dimensi menggunakan MolProbity, ProSA dan SAVES v6.0 (ERRAT, Verfy 3D, PROCHECK). Hasil prediksi sifat fisikokimia diperoleh Panjang urutan protein 210, dengan berat molekul 24311.98 Dalton, titik isoelektrik 6.17, Enzim GTS bersifat stabil (Indeks stabilitas 33.07), dan enzim GTS bersifat hidroilik (Grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) -0.278. Prediksi struktur sekunder diperoleh Alpha helix (Hh) 107 (50.95%), Extended strand (Ee 31 (14.76%), Beta turn (Tt) 9 (4.29%) dan Random coil (CC) 63 (30.00%). Hasil pemodelan model struktur tiga-dimensi diperoleh model Refine #01 yang tervalidasi dimana ProSA -8.58, ERRAT 97%, Verfy 3D 86.33%, PROCHECK Ramacandran plot diperoleh most favoured regions 353 (92.2%); allowed regions 29 7.(6%); generously allowed regions 1 (0.3%); disallowed regions 0 (0.0%), dan G-factors 0.12
Co-Authors A, Ivon A, Yuli Antonius Oktavian C, Vatim D F, Eva H, Hotma M H, Setyo Holy A. Wibowo Iman HS Sasto, Iman HS Ivon Ayomi, Ivon Jan Lewier, Jan K, Hana K, Hanna S Kawulur, Hanna S M Rahardjo Pardi, M Rahardjo M, Yunita R M, Yustinus Maladan, Yustinus Martila Martila, Martila Melda S Suebu, Melda S Mirna Widiyanti N, Evi I Nopita Paembonan, Nopita O, Antonius S P, Mardi R S, Iman HS S, Lidwina Tandjung, Ratna tri wahyuni W, Irawati W, Mirna Y Maladan, Y