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All Journal Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) JTTM: Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin
Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar
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Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Engineering Mechanical Engineering Physics Transportation

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The Flexural Strength of Artificial Laminate Composite Boards made from Banana Stems Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2020): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, July
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i3.1070

Abstract

Wood is a forest product that is used as raw material for building construction. The increase in demand for wood causes damage to the environment and the ecosystem. Therefore, investigation is needed to find alternative materials that can replace the old wood. On the other hand, Indonesia is a banana tree producing country which in every harvest produces abundant waste of banana stems. In this study, an investigation will be made of artificial wood from banana stems. The purpose of this investigation is to obtain the flexural strength of artificial wood produced from banana tree trunks. Banana stems will be treated first in 1M NaOH solution. Making artificial wood using special printing tools and adhesives of acetate type. Flexural testing uses the ASTM D790 test standard. The results obtained that the average flexural strength of artificial wood is 3.14 MPa. This value is still much smaller when compared to the flexural strength of commercial wood, which is 87.21. However, artificial wood has the ability to absorb the load provided is better than commercial wood.
Statistical evaluation of laminate configuration effects on hybrid composite structural behavior Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar; Siswo Pranoto; Mulia; Derlini; Zakir Husin
JTTM : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin Vol 7 No 1 (2026): JTTM: Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Teknik Mesin - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jttm.v7i1.2291

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable yet high-performance structural materials has accelerated research into hybrid composite systems that combine natural and synthetic fiber reinforcements. Hybrid jute/E-glass/epoxy laminates offer a promising balance between environmental sustainability and mechanical reliability; however, their structural behavior is strongly influenced by laminate configuration. This study aims to statistically evaluate the effects of stacking sequence on the structural performance of hybrid composites, focusing on three primary objectives: (i) experimentally assessing flexural and splitting tensile behavior under controlled loading conditions, (ii) determining the statistical significance of laminate configuration using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and (iii) investigating the relationship between mechanical strength enhancement and crack pattern development. The experimental program involved the fabrication of multiple laminate configurations using vacuum-assisted processing, followed by three-point bending and splitting tensile tests in accordance with standardized procedures. Crack patterns were quantified through digital image analysis to determine the percentage of damaged surface area. The results demonstrate that alternating stacking sequences significantly improve load-bearing capacity compared to non-optimized configurations. ANOVA confirmed that laminate arrangement exerts a statistically significant effect on mechanical performance. Furthermore, a meaningful correlation was observed between increased tensile strength and greater post-failure crack surface percentage, indicating a trade-off between structural resistance and damage manifestation. These findings provide a statistically validated framework for optimizing hybrid laminate configurations in sustainable structural applications and contribute to the advancement of performance-based composite design strategies.
Digital histogram-based damage assessment of e-glass reinforced concrete cylinders Sahat Maruli Sihombing; Ibnu Hajar; Roy Lamrun Sianturi; Supriadi; Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar
JTTM : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin Vol 7 No 1 (2026): JTTM: Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Teknik Mesin - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jttm.v7i1.2299

Abstract

Concrete cylinders are extensively utilized as standardized specimens to evaluate the mechanical behavior of structural concrete; however, their inherently low tensile strength makes them highly vulnerable to crack initiation and brittle fracture under splitting tensile loading. Although external confinement using E-glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates has been widely reported to enhance tensile performance, the quantitative relationship between mechanical improvement and surface crack evolution remains insufficiently established. Accordingly, this study aims to: (1) evaluate the splitting tensile strength (STS) of concrete cylinders confined with varying numbers of E-glass laminate layers; (2) quantify surface damage using a digital histogram-based crack area percentage (PCA) method; and (3) analyze the correlation between tensile strength enhancement and crack propagation characteristics. The experimental program was conducted at the Materials and Structural Testing Laboratory, Universitas Medan Area, using cylindrical specimens wrapped with one to four E-glass layers and tested under ASTM C496 splitting tensile procedures. The results demonstrate a progressive increase in STS from 2.48 MPa (control) to 3.88 MPa (four layers), representing a 56.5% improvement, with ANOVA confirming statistical significance (p = 0.003). Digital histogram analysis revealed an increase in PCA from 3.12% to 8.19%, with a strong positive correlation (r = 0.87) between STS and crack distribution. These findings indicate that enhanced confinement promotes distributed cracking and improved energy dissipation rather than brittle localization, thereby establishing a comprehensive mechanical–digital damage assessment framework for FRP-confined concrete systems.
Co-Authors Derlini Ibnu Hajar mulia Roy Lamrun Sianturi Sahat Maruli Sihombing Siswo Pranoto Supriadi Zakir Husin