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Effects of bovine seminal plasma on frozen semen quality of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis Amin, Muhammad Rizal; Toelihere, Mozes R; Yusuf, tuty L; Situmorang, Polmer
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 3 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Semen of two healthy swamp buffalo bulls were collected twice a week using artificial vagina. After initial evaluation, semen was divided into two parts, 1/3 for control (PK) and 2/3 for treatment (PS) and centrifugated at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes. Seminal plasma of the second part was removed and changed with bovine seminal plasma for 0 minute (PS0) and 5 minutes (PS5) before semen was diluted with lactose extender containing 7% glycerol. Mean percentage of motility after thawing for PS5 (55.71%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than PK (41.43%), but not significantly different with PS0 (52.43%). PS0 was significantly higher than PK. Mean percentage of live sperm and intact plasma membrane for PS5 (63.43% and 64.71%) were significantly higher (P<0.01) than PK (55.71% and 53.57%), but not significantly different with PS0 (61.14% and 59.28%). There was no significantly difference between PS0 and PK for mean percentage of live sperm and intact plasma membrane parameters. Mean percentage of intact acrosomal for PS5 (53.57%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than PS0 (48.14%) and PK (43.14%). PS0 was significantly higher (P<0.01) than PK. Under conditions of these experiment it may be concluded that replacement of buffalo seminal plasma with bovine seminal plasma and diluted with lactose extender could improve of frozen semen quality of swamp buffaloes. Â Key words : Cattle seminal plasma, frozen semen, swamp buffalo

PENGARUH FORMALIN DAN pH TERHADAP DAYA HIDUP SPERMATOZOA SAPI YANG DISIMPAN PADA SUHU RUANGAN MAUPUN 5Â°C Situmorang, Polmer; Triwulanningsih, E; Sugiarti, T; Kusumaningrum, DA; Sianturi, RG
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The study was conducted in Research Institute for Animal Production (RIAP)-Ciawi. Semen was collected from 3 bulls twice a week by artificial vagina (AV), diluted in Tris buffer (control) and containing of 0.0625% formalin, reducing pH to 5.5 or their combination to temporally inhibit the motility of sperm.Diluted semen were store at ambient temperature for 0, 3 and 24 hours or at 5Â°C for 0, 3 and 7 days.Reactivation of motility was performed by dilution of formalin and bring the pH to 7.0. In ambient temperature,formalin and pH significantly (p<0.01) inhibit the motility of sperm, but these inhibition was reversible. The percentage of motility was significantly higher(p<0.01) in formalin than in pH 5.5 or control, following 24 hours of storage periode. The inhibition effect of combination between formalin and pH was non permanent. It is show that the inhibition effect of treatments was permanent for semen stored at 5Â°C.

Effects of bovine seminal plasma on frozen semen quality of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis Muhammad Rizal Amin; Mozes R Toelihere; tuty L Yusuf; Polmer Situmorang
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 4, No 3 (1999): SEPTEMBER 1999
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Semen of two healthy swamp buffalo bulls were collected twice a week using artificial vagina. After initial evaluation, semen was divided into two parts, 1/3 for control (PK) and 2/3 for treatment (PS) and centrifugated at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes. Seminal plasma of the second part was removed and changed with bovine seminal plasma for 0 minute (PS0) and 5 minutes (PS5) before semen was diluted with lactose extender containing 7% glycerol. Mean percentage of motility after thawing for PS5 (55.71%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than PK (41.43%), but not significantly different with PS0 (52.43%). PS0 was significantly higher than PK. Mean percentage of live sperm and intact plasma membrane for PS5 (63.43% and 64.71%) were significantly higher (P<0.01) than PK (55.71% and 53.57%), but not significantly different with PS0 (61.14% and 59.28%). There was no significantly difference between PS0 and PK for mean percentage of live sperm and intact plasma membrane parameters. Mean percentage of intact acrosomal for PS5 (53.57%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than PS0 (48.14%) and PK (43.14%). PS0 was significantly higher (P<0.01) than PK. Under conditions of these experiment it may be concluded that replacement of buffalo seminal plasma with bovine seminal plasma and diluted with lactose extender could improve of frozen semen quality of swamp buffaloes. Key words : Cattle seminal plasma, frozen semen, swamp buffalo

Effect the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) hormone following superovulation treatment in buffalo Polmer Situmorang
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 10, No 4 (2005): DECEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

A numbers of studies had been reported to evaluate the effect of hormone for superovulation treatment in buffaloes, however the numbers of embryo recovered is still very small. One of the limiting factors which affect the numbers of embryo recovered is preovulatery LH concentration. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of hCG following superovulation treatments in buffaloes as an effort to increase the embryo recovered. Ten (10) buffaloes in three different genotypes (Riverine, swamp and its crosses) were superovulated using follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). A total of 12 ml FSH (Folltropin) was injected intramuscularry twice a day with 12 hours interval in a decreasing doses for 4 days (2.5, 2.5; 2.0, 2.0; 1.0, 1.0 and 0.5, 0.5 ml). Prostaglandin was injected intramuscularry 2 days after the first injection of FSH followed by administration of 500 IU hCG two days later. At the same days of administration of hCG, artificial insemination (AI) using frozen semen was conducted and repeated again after 12 and 24 hours. Blood collecting was conducted 3 times a week for obtaining the progesteron level of plasma blood. Embryo was collected by non-surgically technique on day 6 of estrus cycle by flushing each horn of uterus with 500 ml Dubelco's Phosphat Buffer Saline (DBPS). Parameter recorded were diameter of ovary (DO), total corpus luteum (TCL), number of embryo collected (NE), percentage of recovery rate (%RR) and peak progesteron level (PP). Administration of hCG significantly increase the response of buffalo to superovulation treatment. The mean of DO (cm), TCL, NE and RR (%) was 4.0, 6.3, 2.1 and 37.2 and 4.5, 7.5, 3.9 and 48.1 for controll and 500 IU hCG respectively. The mean NE was significantly higher (P<0.05) in hCG than those control. The peak progesterone concentration was highly significant higher (P<0.01) in hCG (8.9 ng/ml) than those control (6.8 ng/ml). Both left and right ovary gave a similar response to superovulation treatments. In conclusion the admission of hCG following superovulation treatments using folltrophin increase the number of embryos recovered. Key Words: hCG, Superovulation, Buffalo, Embryo

Superovulation in different buffalo genotypes Polmer Situmorang
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 8, No 1 (2003): MARCH 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Studies has been conducted to evaluate the response of different buffaloes genotype to superovulation treatments. PSMG (2500 IU) was injected intra muscular in a single injection on day 10 of estrus cycle while a total of 12 ml Folltropin was administrated twice a day with 12 hours interval in a decreasing doses for 4 days (2.5; 2.5; 2.0; 2.0; 1.0; 1.0 and 0.5; 0.5 ml). Embryos were collected by non-surgically technique on day 6 of estrus cycle by flushing each horn of uterus with 500 ml Dubelco's Phosphat Buffer Saline (DBPS). Diameter of ovary (DO), total corpora lutea (TCL), total embryo (TE) and percentage of recovery rate (% RR) were recorded as parameters. Administration of hormone highly significantly (P<0.01) affected the ovulation response of buffalo. The mean DO was highly significantly higher (P<0.01) in PMSG than that in Folltropin (9.5 vs 4.4 cm), but TCL, TE and % RR were significantly lower (P<0.01) in PMSG (2.0; 0.0 and 0.0 vs 5.5; 2.6 and 43.7). The mean DO was significantly higher (P<0.05) in river than both in swamp and crosses (6.0 vs 4.3 and 3.3 cm). No significantly differentwas observed between the mean DO of swamp and crosses. TCL, TE and % RR were not statistically significant among different buffalo genotype. The mean of TCL, TE and % RR were 6.2, 2.5 and 48.0; 5.8; 2.3 and 40.0 and 5.7; 3.3 and 52.8 for river, swamp and crosses buffalo, respectively. Both left and right ovary gave a similar response to superovulation treatments. In onclusion, the response of a different buffalo genotypes following superovulation with Folltropin was not significant. Key words: Superovulation, buffalo, genotype, embryo

Using follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) for superovulation in buffalo Polmer Situmorang
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 4 (2006): DECEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Studies of superovulation have been carried out in buffaloes and the progress has been achieved but the number of embryo collected was still small. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the use Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) for superovulation in buffalo. First study, fifteen buffaloes were randomly divided into 3 groups of five buffaloes of each group and superovulated using three type of FSH (FSH-P; FSC-China and Folltropin). Hormones were given twice a day for 4 days in decreasing doses methods. First injection initiated on day 10 of estrus cycle, followed by prostaglandin on day 12 than artificially inseminated (AI) two days later. Recovery of embryo was conducted un-surgically method by flushing uterus horn on day 6 after AI. Second study, 10 buffaloes were randomly divided into 2 groups of each five buffaloes First group was superovulated with FSH followed methodology in the first study (control group) and second group were given a prime FSH on day 1 of estrus cycle before superovulation (treatment group). After 3 months the superovulation was repeated in the reverse condition where the control become treatment and the treatment become a control group. The type of FSH did not significantly affect the superovulatory response. The mean total corpus luteum (TCL), total number of embryo (TNE) and total number of viable embryo (TVE) were 6.8, 3.3 and 2.2, 6.2, 3.0 and 2.1 and 7.2, 3.6 and 2.4 for FSH-P, FSH China and Folltropin respectively. A single injection of FSH significantly increased (P<0.05) the number of embryo collected. The mean TCL, TNE and TVE were 6.9, 2.8 and 2.1 and 8.2, 3.3 and 2.5 for control and treatments respectively. The peak progesterone level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in treatment group (6.8 ng/ml) than those in control (5.6 ng/ml). Repeated the superovulation after 3 months did not significantly affect the number of embryo collected. In conclusion, superovulation in buffaloes can be performed using a types of FSH and prime injection of FSH on day 1 of estrus cycle increase the number of embryo recovered. The superovulation can be conducted after 3 months. Key Words: FSH, Superovulation, Embryo

Effects of concentration of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) on the rates of ovulations and twinning birth Polmer Situmorang; R Sianturi; D. A Kusumaningrum; E Triwulaningsih
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 15, No 4 (2010): DECEMBER 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Twinning in monotocous domestic species dairy cattle is most frequently by dyzygote in which two eggs is ovulated by treatment with gonadotropin hormon. A study to see the effects of concentration of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (Folltropin) on the ovulation rates and twinning birth was conducted. The experiment designed was commpletely randomized designed with 3 treatment of total concentration of FSH (A: 12, B: 6 and C 3 ml) and 4 lactating cows for a replications. Hormon was intramussculary injected in decreasing dossis method twice a day with 12 hours apart for 4 days. Data recorded were the diameter of ovary (DO), total corpus luteum (TCL), concentration of progesterone on the day 12 of estrus cycle (P), percentage of pregnancy and number of birth. FSH significantly increased the ovulation rates. The means DO was significantly (P < 0.05) higher after injection (6.3 cm) than those before injection (2.0 cm). The TCL and P were highly significant (P < 0.01) higher after injection. The TCL and P were 1.2 and 0.8 ng/ml and 8.5 and 3.0 ng/ml before and after hormone treatment respectively. Concentration of FSH significantly increase (P < 0.05) the TCL and P but not for DO. The means DO, TCL and P were 5.0, 4.5 and 1.6, 5.5, 8,8 and 1.8 and 8.4cm, 12.3 and 5.3 ng/ml for treatments C, B and A respectively. Persentage of pregnancy was decreasing by the increasing of ovulations rates and the highest percentage of pregnancy 75% was obtained on treatments C. The normal single birth was found for treatment C and neonatal death were occurred for treatment B and A where the number of calves is higher than 2. In conclusion the FSH increased the ovulation rates in dairy cattle and the ovulation rates obtained was also affected by the concentration of hormone. Key Words: Hormone, FSH, Ovulation, Twin Birth

Effects of hormonehCG following injection of estnanate of reproductive performances ofswamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Polmer Situmorang; Abdul Rachman Siregar
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 2, No 4 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Low reproductive performance of buffalo resulted the population growth in Indonesia was only slightly increase during the last 50 year. Reproductive performance can be improved by hormone treatment during synchronization . One study was conducted in Porsea and Siborong-borong to see the effects of hormone hCG on the reproductive performances of swamp buffalo . A total of 34 buffaloes were kept in field grazing and commercial concentrate 4 kg/head/day was given for supplementation in 27 buffaloes and the rest 7 buffaloes treated as control with no supplemeniation . Synchronization performed by two intromuscular (IM) injections of2 ml estrumate in 11 days interval . The buffaloes were divided into 2 groups of 16 buffaloes without hCG (Control group) and 18 buffaloes with hCG (Treated group). Treated group wereinjected with 500 IU hCG intro-muscularly (IM) 24-48 hours following second injection of estrumate . All buffaloes were artificially inseminated (AI) 48 and 72 hours after the second injection of estrumate. Results showed that injection of estrurnate twice in 11 days interval was very effective to synchronize oestrus of buffaloes. The persentage of buffalo showing oestrus was 67 .5 and 85 .3% following 48 and 72 Ins of thesecond injection of estrumate resfectively . The effectiveness of estrumate was significantly affected by body condition of buffaloes where the persentage of oestrus 48 and 72 hours following estrumate injection was significantly higher (P<0.01) in buffaloes with good body condition than those in poor body condition (74.5 and 92.5% vs 42 .9 and 57 .1%). Injection ofhCG following estrumate increased the percentage of oestrus and pregnancy of buffalo. Percentages of oestrus of buffaloes 48 and 72 hours following estrumate injections was significantly higher (P<0 .01) in hCG treatment (83 .3 and 100%) than those in control groups (68 .8 and 81 .3%) . The pregnancy rate of buffalo with good body condition was significantly higher (P<0.01) in group of buffaloes with hCG than those control groups ( 86 .6 vs 50.0%) . It is concluded that injection of hCG following estrumate can improve the reproductive performance ofswamp buffalo Keywords : Swamp buffaloes, hCG, oestrus, body condition

The effects of proline, carnitine on the viability of sperm stored at 5oC (chilled semen) Polmer Situmorang; E Triwulanningsih; A Lubis; W Caroline; T Sugiarti
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 1 (2001): MARCH 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the addition of proline, carnitine in Tris-extender on the viability of bull sperm following storage at 5oC. Semen was collected by means of artificial vagina (AV), diluted in Tris-extender containing 5% V/V egg yolk (EY) and 4% V/V glycerol to get a final concentration of 50 million sperms/ml. Diluted semen cooled to 5oC for 45 minute and stored at those temperature for 1, 3, 10, and 13 days. In the first activity the addition of 15, 30 and 60 mM carnitine in Tris-extender while in the second activity the inclusion of 15, 30, and 60 mM proline on the viability of sperm was investigated. Addition of carnitine to Tris-extender signifinatly increase (P<0.05) the viability of sperm after storage for more than 3 days. At 3 days of storage, the mean %M and %L were 27.3, 38.8, 33.5, 53.0, 31.8, 47.0, and 30.5, 46.8 for control 15, 30, and 60 mM carnitine respectively. The similar results was obtained for 7 days of storage where the mean %M and %L for control (12.5 and 27.3) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those 15, 30, and 60 mM carnitine (15.0, 33.5, 18.8, 36.5, 17.5, 36.3). The superiority of carnitine was maintained for 10 days of storage, where the mean %L were 23.5, 28.8, 31.5, and 30.3 for control; 15; 30; and 60 mM respectively. There was no any significant within concentration of carnitine tested (15 to 60 mM).The condition of apical ridge was not significantly affected by carnitine. In the second activity, inclusion of proline to Trisextender statistically (P<0.05) improved the viability of sperm after storage for 7 and 13 days. After 7 days of storage the mean %M and %L were 31.4, 36.4, 38.8, 40.4, 36.6, 42.7, and 34.8, 43.3 for control; 15, 30, and 60 mM proline respectively. The significant effects of proline was remain for 13 days of storage where the mean %M and % L were 24.6, 32.9, 28.6, 37.5, 29.1, 39.8, and 30.1, 37.3 for control; 15, 30, and 60 mM proline respectively. There was no significant difference within the concentration of proline. Condition of apical ridge was not significantly affected by proline. Key words: Sperm, viability, carnitine, proline

The effects of cholesterol on the viability and fertility of bull spermatozoa Polmer Situmorang
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 7, No 4 (2002): DECEMBER 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cholesterol on the viability and fertility of chilled and deep-frozen bull spermatozoa. Semen was collected by means of artificial vagina, diluted in Tris-Citrat diluent and cooled to 50C for 60 minutes. Following an equiliberation for 4 hours, semen was frozen at 5 cm above surface of liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes. The experiment was 2 x 3 factorial designed with two level of egg yolk (10 and 20% v/v) and 3 level of cholesterol (0; 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml). The viability of spermatozoa was evaluated after the temperature reduced to 50C, stored at 50C for 1, 3 and 7 days and after thawing. For fertility test, cows were artificially inseminated (AI) using chilled and frozen semen on the onset or 6 hours of oestrus. Rectal palpation was conducted 3 months after AI to determine the pregnancy. The percentages motile of chilled semen was higher in 0.5 mg/ml than those of 0.0 or 1.0 mg/ml cholesterol but this difference was not significant. After thawing, the effects of cholesterol on the percentage motile was significant (P<0.05). The mean percentage motile was 47.5; 51,5 and 56.0 for 0.0; 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml cholesterol respectively. The percentage of live sperm and intact apical ridge was higher in cholesterol however this effects was not significant. The effects level of egg yolk and its interaction with cholesterol on the viability was not significant. The percentage of pregnant was higher in 1.0 mg/ml and the mean percentage of pregnant was 45.8; 48.2 and 55.7 for 0.0; 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml cholesterol respectively. Percentage of pregnant was higher for chilled semen than those of frozen semen (54.3 vs 45.5). In conclusion the addition of 1 mg/ml cholesterol increase the percentage of motile after thawing and pregnancy of cows inseminated with chilled and frozen semen. Key words: Semen, viability, cholesterol, pregnan

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