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All Journal Tropical Animal Science Journal
I. G. Permana
Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy

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Sugar, Acid Soluble Polysaccharide, and Total Phenolic Contents in Tropical Legumes and Their Relationships with In Vitro Nutrient Fermentability A. Ikhwanti; A. Jayanegara; I. G. Permana; W. W. Wardani; Y. Retnani; A. A. Samsudin
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 4 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.331

Abstract

Tropical legume is a type of C4 plant that has been adaptive to hot environments. Therefore, tropical legumes require energy reserves in the form of sugar and starch. This study aimed to explain the relationship between sugar, starch, and tannin contents of tropical legumes and their in vitro fermentation profiles. Samples of Bauhinia purpurea, Pterocarpus indicus, Tamarindus indica, Calopogonium mucunoides, Macroptilium atropurpureum, and Stylosanthes guianensis were tested by proximate analysis, Van Soest, and in vitro nutrient fermentability. The in vitro fermentability consisted of dry matter degradability (DMD), organic matter degradability (OMD), volatile fatty acid (VFA), methane and ammonia concentrations, and gas production. The gas production kinetics were determined as gas production from soluble nutrient (a), maximum gas production (a+b), and rate of gas production (c). All samples were tested using the orthogonal contrast test to compare in vitro fermentability characteristics between the different types of legumes and their tannin contents. Results revealed that the average content of the legumes dry matter examined was 22% with CP content of 15% -28%. The legumes in this study had average content of 3.74% sugar, 21.86% ASP, and 0.3% total phenolics (dry matter basis). Acid soluble polysaccharides content in legumes had a positive correlation with degradability, ammonia concentration, and total gas production (p<0.05). However, sugar content did not have a correlation with the other in vitro fermentation characteristics. The exploration of sugar and acid soluble polysaccharides content in tropical legumes might be profitable as these nutrients could increase feeding efficiency. Sugar did not have a significant relationship to the characteristics of fermentation, on the contrary, acid soluble polysaccharides had a very close relationship to the characteristics of fermentation. The total phenolics had a close relationship with the production of VFA and ammonia. Tree legumes have better digestibility than shrub legumes.
Prediction Accuracy Improvement of Indonesian Dairy Cattle Fiber Feed Compositions Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Local Database Despal Despal; L. A. Sari; R. Chandra; R. Zahera; I. G. Permana; L. Abdullah
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 3 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.263

Abstract

The accuracy of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) depends on the database generated from the conventional wet chemistry (CWC). Currently, the local database of fiber-source feeds for tropical dairy cattle are still limited. The study aimed to compare CWC and NIRS initial database (NIRSID) results, to predict CWC from NIRSID, and to improve the accuracy of NIRS prediction using local database (NIRSLD). Five feeds as sources of fiber (Napier grass, natural grass, corn leaves, corn husk, and rice straw) from 4 areas of dairy cattle farming were used (4 farms from each area). For external calibration, 20 independent Napier grass samples were tested. Samples were analyzed using NIRS and CWC to measure dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and silica (Si) to calculate hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents. The results obtained by NIRSID were compared to those obtained by CWC using T-test. Predictions of CWC from the results obtained by NIRSID were attempted using regressions. The NIRSLD was developed by inputting the CWC value to NIRS spectrums. Internal calibration and validation as well as external calibration, were run. The results showed that NIRSID has low capacity in determining CWC (R2<0.683). Calibration using local database (NIRSLD) improved CWC prediction accuracy (residual predictive deviation (RPD) > 2 except for DM, EE, CF, ADL, and lignin). External validation showed that CWC and NIRSLD were similar in all parameters (p<0.05). The ratios of the standard error of prediction (SEP) to the standard error of laboratory (SEL) were > 2 for CP, CF, and ADF. It is concluded that the local database of NIRS of fiber-source feeds is necessary to improve the prediction accuracy of local dairy fiber-source feeds values using NIRS.
Forage Production and Nutrient Content of Different Elephant Grass Varieties Cultivated with Indigofera zollingeriana in an Intercropping System A. Ernawati; L. Abdullah; I. G. Permana; P. D. M. H. Karti
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 3 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.3.321

Abstract

A proper planting system and efficient management are needed to cultivate forage effectively. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate forage production and nutrient content of different elephant grass varieties grown with Indigofera in the intercropping system and were harvested at different intervals of defoliation. The research was conducted in the dry and rainy seasons using a randomized block design with 3 factors (2x2x2) and 4 replications. The first factor was two different elephant grass varieties consisting of cv. Pakchong and Taiwan, the second factor was the planting pattern, including intercropping and monoculture, while the third factor was harvesting age, comprising 50 days and 60 days. The results showed an interaction effect between grass varieties, planting patterns, and harvesting ages. Intercropping the Pakchong varieties with Indigofera and harvesting at 60 days produced the highest forage fresh weight and DM production, ADF as well as NDF contents and yields, CP yield, and the highest carrying capacity (p<0.05) according to DM intake. When harvested at 50 days, Indigofera increased the protein content of forage, but this effect did not occur when it was harvested at 60 days. Furthermore, nutrient yields were not affected by interactions of three factors in the rainy season (p>0.05), but in the dry season, the highest ash and CP yields were produced by the Pakchong variety intercropped with Indigofera and harvesting at 60 days. The highest ADF and NDF yields were obtained from the Taiwan varieties grown in monoculture and harvested at 60 days. Based on the results, it was concluded that the two varieties of elephant grass could be cultivated with Indigofera in the intercropping system and harvesting time of 60 days will produce the highest nutrient yield and carrying capacity.
Co-Authors A. A. Samsudin A. Ernawati A. Ikhwanti Anuraga Jayanegara Despal Despal L. A. Sari L. Abdullah P. D. M. H. Karti R. Chandra Rika Zahera W. W. Wardani Y. Retnani