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Utilization of Mungbean’s Green House Fodder and Silage in the Ration for Lactating Dairy Cows Rika Zahera; Idat Galih Permana; . Despal
Media Peternakan Vol. 38 No. 2 (2015): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Green house fodder (GHF) is high quality forage that is produced by hydroponic vertical farming system in green house in short time. Silage is also high quality feed that is available all year rounds. The research aimed to evaluate productivity and nutritive value of mungbean’s GHF and its supplementation effect with and without silages based ration on dairy cow performances. The research was divided into two experiments. The first experiment studied the seed density (A1= 1.5 kg/m2; A2= 2.5 kg/m2; A3= 3.5 kg/m2) in bioslurry:ABmix 25:75 media as nutrient solution and used randomized block design. The second experiment studied mungbean’s GHF supplementation that used twelve lactating dairy cows with 2 x 2 randomized factorial block design 2 x 2. Factor 1 compared silages utilization (S0= without silages; S1= silages) and factor 2 tested mungbean’s GHF supplementation level (G0= 0% DM; G1= 5% DM). The results showed that A1 produced the highest biomass conversion (5.27). GHF had high digestibility and fermentability indicated that GHF had potential as dairy feed. Supplementation of GHF increased nutrient intake. Silage is a high quality feed, so that GHF supplementation did not give significant effects on nutrient digestibility and milk production. It can be concluded that the low seed density (1.5 kg/m2) had high productivity and nutrition quality, and its supplementation increased nutrient intake, but did not affect nutrient digestibility and milk production.Key words: green house fodder, mungbean, bioslurry, dairy cow, silages

Prediction Accuracy Improvement of Indonesian Dairy Cattle Fiber Feed Compositions Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Local Database Despal Despal; L. A. Sari; R. Chandra; R. Zahera; I. G. Permana; L. Abdullah
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 3 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.263

The accuracy of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) depends on the database generated from the conventional wet chemistry (CWC). Currently, the local database of fiber-source feeds for tropical dairy cattle are still limited. The study aimed to compare CWC and NIRS initial database (NIRSID) results, to predict CWC from NIRSID, and to improve the accuracy of NIRS prediction using local database (NIRSLD). Five feeds as sources of fiber (Napier grass, natural grass, corn leaves, corn husk, and rice straw) from 4 areas of dairy cattle farming were used (4 farms from each area). For external calibration, 20 independent Napier grass samples were tested. Samples were analyzed using NIRS and CWC to measure dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and silica (Si) to calculate hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents. The results obtained by NIRSID were compared to those obtained by CWC using T-test. Predictions of CWC from the results obtained by NIRSID were attempted using regressions. The NIRSLD was developed by inputting the CWC value to NIRS spectrums. Internal calibration and validation as well as external calibration, were run. The results showed that NIRSID has low capacity in determining CWC (R2<0.683). Calibration using local database (NIRSLD) improved CWC prediction accuracy (residual predictive deviation (RPD) > 2 except for DM, EE, CF, ADL, and lignin). External validation showed that CWC and NIRSLD were similar in all parameters (p<0.05). The ratios of the standard error of prediction (SEP) to the standard error of laboratory (SEL) were > 2 for CP, CF, and ADF. It is concluded that the local database of NIRS of fiber-source feeds is necessary to improve the prediction accuracy of local dairy fiber-source feeds values using NIRS.

PenggunaanTepung Kulit Pisang dalam Ransum terhadap Kadar Kolesterol, Vitamin A, Profil Asam Lemak Kuning Telur Ayam Arab: The Effect of Banana Peel Meal usage in the Chicken Diet on Cholesterol, Vitamine A and Fatty Acid Profile of Arabian Chicken Egg Yolks dwi margi suci; Rika Zahera; Mutia Sari; Widya Hermana
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Vol. 18 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

The aim of this research was to measure the effect of yellow corn substitution with banana peel meal as a beta-carotene and antioxidant source in the chicken diet on cholesterol, vitamin A and fatty acid profiles of egg yolk Arab chicken. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant differences between the treatments were analyzed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Eighty pullet of Arabic chickens (19 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four treatment diets with four replications for 6 weeks of fed trials. Dietary treatments consisted of R0 (0%) banana peel meal (TP) : 50% yellow corn (JK) and 3 levels of yellow corn and banana peel. The composition of yellow corn and banana peel meal used R1 (20 % TP ; 30% JK), R2 (30% TP : 20% JG) and R3 (40% TP :10% JG). The variables observed were production performance, cholesterol, vitamin A and fatty acid profile of the egg yolk. The results showed that egg yolk cholesterol levels were not significantly different compared to the control. Substitution of yellow corn with banana peel meal had increased vitamin A level up to 49% compared to the control. There was no difference in fatty acid profiles in all treatments observed. It is concluded that banana peel meal can be used to substitute 40 % of yellow corn in the chicken diet and tend to increased vitamin A of egg yolk. Key words: Arabic chicken, banana peel meal, cholesterol, fatty acid, yolk DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abel FAS, Adeyemi OA, Oluwole OB, Oladunmoye OO, Ayo-Ajasa OY, Anuoluwatelemi JO. 2015. Effect of treated banana peel meal on the feed efficiency, digestibility and cost effectiveness of broiler chicken diet. Journal of Veterinery Science & Animal Husbandry. 3 (1): 1-6 Abou-Arab AA, Abu-Salem FM. 2017. Nutritional and anti-Nutritional composition of banana peels as influenced by microwave drying methods. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation. 11(12): 845-852 Amrullah, IK. 2004. Nutrisi Ayam Petelur. Cetakan ke-3. Bogor (ID): Lembaga Satu Gunungbudi. Anhwange BA, Ugye TJ, Nyiaatagher TD. 2009. Chemical composition of Musa sapientum (Banana) peels. Electronic Journal of Environment, Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 8 (6):437-442 Antruejo A, Azcona JO, Garcia PT, Gallinger C, Rosmini M, Ayerza R, Coates W, Perez CD. 2011. Omega-3 enriched egg production: The effect of α-linolenic ῳ-3 fatty acid sources on laying hen performance and yolk lipid content and fatty acid composition. British Poultry Science. 52(6): 750-760 Aryani T, Mu’awanah IAU, Wydiantara AB. 2018. Karakteristik fisik, kandungan gizi tepung kulit pisang dan perbandingannya terhadap syarat mutu tepung terigu. Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi. 2(2): 45-50 Arora A, Choudhary D, Agarwal G, Singh VP. 2008. Composition variation in β-carotene content, carbohydrate and antioxidant enzymes in selected banana cultivar. International journal of Food Science and Technology. 43: 1913-1921 Blandon JC, Hamady GAA, Abdel-Moneim A. 2015. The effect of partial replacement of yellow corn by banana peels with and without enzymes on broiler’s performance and blood parameters. Journal of Animal and Poultry Science. 4(1): 10-19 Diana, FM. 2013. Omega 6. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 7(1): 26-31 Diarra SS. 2018. Peel meals as a feed ingredient in poultry diets. Chemical composition, dietary recommendation and prospect. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 102: 1284-1295 Chueh CC, Lin LJ, Lin WC, Huang SH, Jan MS, Chang SC, Chung WS, Lee TT. 2019. Antioxidant capacity of banana peels and its modulation of Nrf2-ARE associated gene expression in broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 18 (1): 1394-1403 Haryanto, A, Miharja K, Wijayani N. 2016. Effect of banana meal on the feed conversion ratio and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 15 (1) : 27-34 Has, H, Napirah A, Dewi L. 2017. Efektivitas substitusi kulit pisang dengan dedak padi dalam ransum ayam kampung. Makasar (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan. Universitas Hasanudin. Indra GK, Achmanu, Nurgiatiningsih A. 2013. Performans produksi ayam Arab (Gallus turcicus) berdasarkan warna bulu. Jurnal Ternak Tropika. 14 (1): 8-14 Konieczka M, Czauderna S, Smulikowsk S. 2017. The enrichment of chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acid by dietary fish oil or its mixture with rapeseed or flaxseed-effect of feeding duration dietary fish oil, flaxseed, and repeseed and n-3 enriched broiler meat. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 223 : 42-52 McDowell, L.R. 2000. Vitamine in Animal and Human Nutrition. 2nd Edition. Iowa (US): State University Press, Iowa. Mulyadi Y. 2013. Penggunaan pakan fungsional terhadap performan produksi dan kualitas telur ayam arab. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 13 (2): 27-33 [NRC] National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised Edition. Washington. D. C. (US) : National Academy Press, Nuraini, Sabrina, Latif SA. 2008. Performa ayam dan kualitas telur yang menggunakan ransum mengandung onggok fermentasi dengan Neurospora crassa. Media Peternakan. 31:195-202. Pereira A, Maraschin M. 2015. Banana (Musa spp) from peel to pulp: ethnopharmacology, source of bioactive compounds and its relevance for human health. Jurnal Ethnopharmacology. 160:149–163 Piliang WG, Djojosoebagio S. 2006. Fisiologi Nutrisi. Volume I. Edisi ke-2. Bogor (ID): IPB Press Rehaul-Godbert, S, Guyot N, Nys Y. 2019. The Golden Egg: Nutritional value, bioactivities, and emerging benefits for human health. Nutrients. 11: 1-26 (www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrient) Sartika RAD. 2008. Pengaruh asam lemak jenuh, tidak jenuh dan asam lemak trans terhadap kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2(4): 154-160 Siregar HA, Rahmadi HY, Wening S, Suprianto E. 2018. Komposisi asam lemak dan karoten kelapa sawit Elaeis oleifera, interspesifik hibrida, dan Pseudo-backcross pertama di Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. 26 (2): 91-101 Suci DM, Fitria Z, Mutia R. 2017. Meat fatty acid and cholesterol content of native Indonesian Muscovy Duck Fed with rice bran in tradisional farm. Animal Production. 19 (1):37-45 Sutama, INS. 2008. Daun pepaya dalam ransum menurunkan kolesterol pada serum dan telur ayam. Jurnal Veteriner. 9: 152-156. Wiradimadja R, Burhanuddin H, & Saefulhadjar D. 2010. Peningkatan kadar vitamin A pada telur ayam melalui penggunaan daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) dalam Ransum. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 10 (2): 90-94

Pengaruh Kandungan Protein Ransum yang Berbeda terhadap Kecernaan dan Fermentabilitas Rumen Sapi Perah secara In vitro: The Effect of Different Feed Protein Content on Digestibility and Fermentability of Dairy Rumen using In vitro Rika Zahera; Dian Anggraeni; Zikri Aulia Rahman; Dwierra Evvyernie
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Vol. 18 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

The most of protein requirement for cows is fulfilled by microbial protein. Increasing the protein from ration usually influences the milk production in dairy cows. However, the availability of dietary protein should support rumen ecosystem through microbial activity in the fermentation and digestion process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein levels of dairy cow ration on the rumen fermentability and digestibility using an in vitro method. Randomized block design with three levels of protein ration as a treatment and three times taken of rumen liquor as a block. The treatments were: R1= ration with low protein; R2= ration with moderate protein and R3= ration with high protein. The measured parameters were rumen fermentability (total VFA, N-NH3 and pH), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The results showed that there were significantly increase in dry and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05), due to increasing the level of dietary protein, but there was no effect in the fermentability, except a slight increase in N-NH3 concentration. The conclusion of this study was the highest level of protein ration enhances the digestibility, and showed a tendency for higher N-NH3. Key words: dairy cattle, dietary protein, digestibility, fermentability, in vitro DAFTAR PUSTAKA [Ditjennak-Keswan] Direktorat Jendral Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2019. Pemerintah dorong perbaikan kualitas dan kuantitas susu nasional [internet]. Tersedia pada: http://ditjennak.pertanian.go.id/pemerintah-dorong-perbaikan-kualitas-dan-kuantitas-susu-nasional Anggraeny YN, Soetanto H, Kusmartono & Hartutik. 2015. Sinkronisasi suplai protein dan energi dalam rumen untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pakan berkualitas rendah. WARTAZOA. 25(3):107–116 Chanthakhoun V, Wanapat M & Berg J. 2012. Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Livestock Science. 144(3):197–204. Cherdthong A & Wanapat M. 2013. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livestock Science. 153(1–3):94–100. Colmenero JJO & Broderick GA. 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(5):1704–1712. Conway E. 1957. Microdiffusion of Analysis of Association Official Analytical Chemist. Georgia (US): Georgia Press. Despal, Permana IG, Safarina SN & Tatra AJ. 2011. Penggunaan berbagai sumber karbohidrat terlarut air untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase daun rami. Media Peternakan. 34(2):69–76. Despal, Zahera R, Lestari DA, Ma’rifah H & Permana IG. 2015. Ketersediaan dan kualitas sumberdaya pakan musim kemarau dan dampaknya terhadap pemenuhan nutrien dan performa sapi perah di Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Sumedang (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan Berkelanjutan, Universitas Pajajaran Dung DV, Shang W & Yao W. 2014. Effect of crude protein levels in concentrate and concentrate levels in diet on in vitro fermentation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 27(6):797–805. Forejtová J, Lád F, Třináctý J, Richter M, Gruber M, Doležal P, Homolka P & Pavelek L. 2005. Comparison of organic matter digestibility determined by in vivo and in vitro methods. Czeh Journal of Animal Science. 50(2):47–53. Hernaman I, Tarmidi AR & Dhalika T. 2017. Kecernaan in vitro ransum sapi perah berbasis jerami padi yang mengandung konsentrat yang difermentasi oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4). Majalah Ilmu Peternakan. 20(2):45–48. Holik YLA, Abdullah L & Karti PDMH. 2019. Evaluasi nutrisi silase kultivar baru tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) dengan penambahan legum Indigofera sp. pada taraf berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 17(2):38–46. Imran M, Pasha TN, Shahid MQ, Babar I & Naveed M. 2017. Effect of increasing dietary metabolizable protein on nitrogen efficiency in Holstein dairy cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 30(5):660–665. Joo JW, Bae GS, Min WK, Choi HS, Maeng WJ, Chung YH & Chang MB. 2005. Effect of protein sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulated continuous culture system. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 18(3):326–331. Law RA, Young FJ, Patterson DC, Kilpatrick DJ, Wylie ARG & Mayne CS. 2009. Effect of dietary protein content on animal production and blood metabolites of dairy cows during lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92(3):1001–1012. Leonardi C, Stevenson M & Armentano LE. 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(12):4033–4042. Lestari DA, Abdullah L & Despal. 2015. Comparative study of milk production and feed efficiency based on farmer best practices and National Research Council. Media Peternakan. 38(2): 110-117 McDonald P, Edwards R, Greenhalgh J, Morgan C, Sinclair L & Wilkinson R. 2010. Animal Nutrition. Seventh Ed. London (UK): Pearson Education McMurphy C, Duff G, Sanders S, Cuneo S & Chirase N. 2011. Effects of supplementing humates on rumen fermentation in Holstein steers. South Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 41(2):134–140. Nadeau E, Englund J & Gustafsson AH. 2007. Nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows as affected by diet and milk yield. Livestock Science. 111(1–2):45–56. NRC. 1978. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 5th Revised Ed. Washington (US): National Academy Press. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Ed Washington (US): National Academy Press Permana IG, Despal, Zahera R & Damayanti E. 2017. Evaluasi kecukupan nutrien, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah di peternakan rakyat. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Industri Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Saha S, Gallo L, Bittante G, Schiavon S, Bergamaschi M, Gianesella M & Fiore E. 2019. Rumination time and yield, composition, lactating holstein cows. Animals. 9(2):1–13. Shahzad MA, Tauqir NA, Ahmad F, Nisa MU, Sarwar M & Tipu MA. 2011. Effects of feeding different dietary protein and energy levels on the performance of 12 – 15-month-old buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health Production. 43(3):685–694. Sucak MG, Serbester U & Görgülü M. 2017. Effects of dietary starch and crude protein levels on milk production and composition of dairy cows fed high concentrate diet. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology. 5(6):563–567. Suharti S, Aliyah DN & Suryahadi. 2018. Karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro dengan penambahan sabun kalsium minyak nabati pada buffer yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 16(3):56–64. Xia C, Aziz M, Rahman U, Yang H, Shao T, Qiu Q, Su H & Cao B. 2018. Effect of increased dietary crude protein levels on production performance, nitrogen utilization, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of Holstein bulls. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 31(10):1643–1653. Zahera R, Permana IG & Despal. 2015. Utilization of mungbean’s greenhouse fodder and silage in the ration for lactating dairy cows. Media Peternakan. 38(2):123–131

Impact of Inoculant Sources on Feed in Vitro Fermentability and Digestibility : Dampak Cairan Rumen Sumber Inokulan pada Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan Pakan secara In Vitro A K Agustina A K Agustina; D Evvyernie; Rika Zahera; I G Permana; Toto Toharmat; S Suryahadi; D Despal
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Vol. 18 No. 3 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jintp.18.3.89-94

The aim of this research is to compare alternative inoculant source for in vitro rumen fermentation. In the first experiment, inoculant from fistulated cattle kept in LIPI and IPB (Fis1 and Fis2) and inoculant from Bogor municipality abattoir and IPB abattoir (Abo1 and Abo2) were tested for their pH, total bacterial count, and protozoal number using a complete block design with four replications. In the second experiment, the effect of the inoculant sources was tested on cornmeal (F1), soybean oil meal (F2), Napier grass (F3), and dairy cattle complete ration (F4) fermentability and digestibility including pH, VFA, NH3, IVDMD and IVOMD parameters. The results showed an unsignificant different protozoal number among inoculant sources. The pH of Fis2 rumen liquor was significantly lower (p<0.05) than others. The bacterial population was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Fis2 and Abo2 than Abo1, and Fis1. The inoculant pH after feed fermentability was not influenced by feed type but inoculant source with Fis1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Fis2, Abo2, and Abo1. The ammonia, VFA concentration, IVDMD, and IVOMD were influenced by interaction between inoculant sources and feed types. Although inoculant from cattle close to the laboratory (Fis2 and Abo2) were better in term of higher bacterial population, higher fermentability and digestibility for most type of feeds but other sources can be used in vitro study without differences in average fermentability and digestibility results. Key words: abattoir, fermentability, fistula, inoculant, in vitro

Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru Selama Covid-19 dalam Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Peternakan dan Pertanian Desa Peguyangan Sukron Muttaqin; Siti Khoziah; Siti Alpiyah; Yulia Eka Nurjanah; Zumrotun Ni’mah; Ayu Risqiana; Aulia Safira Darmawan; Rika Zahera
Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat (PIM) Vol. 2 No. Khusus 2 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (491.416 KB)

Peguyangan village has potential in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, this potential has not been optimally utilized. This activity has main objective of recommending the community empowerment programs to optimize insight in to COVID-19 prevention and utilization of livestock and agriculture resources in the face of adapting new habits during COVID-19 pandemic. This agtivity wa carried out from 9 July to 22 Agustus 2020. Peguyangan Village has the potential to be a center for buffalo farming ang must continue to be developed. Keywords: chilies, shallots, siwang, telang

Populasi Mikroba Rumen, Fermentabilitas, dan Kecernaan Suplementasi Daun Kelor dalam Ransum Sapi Perah secara In Vitro: Microbial Rumen Population, Fermentability, and Digestibility of Moringa Leaf Supplementation in Dairy Cow Ration using In Vitro Rika Zahera; Junita Purwanti; Dwierra Evvyernie
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan (Nutrition and Feed Technology Journal) Vol. 20 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jintp.20.3.117-122

This study aimed to evaluate the microbial rumen population, fermentability, and digestibility of Moringa leaf supplementation in dairy cow ration using in vitro and to determine the optimal level of supplementation. The experiment consist of two steps with the first step was microbiology measurement used a Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments level of Moringa leaf extract (P0= control; P1= 5%, P2 = 10%, P3 =15%, P4 =20%) and the second step was in vitro fermentability and digestibility measurement used Randomized Block Design with 7 treatments level of Moringa leaf in dairy cow ration (R0 = control, R1 = R0 + 2.5% Moringa leaf, R2= R0 +5% Moringa leaf, R3 = R0 + 7.5% Moringa leaf, R4= R0+10% Moringa leaf, R5=R0+12.5% Moringa leaf, R6=R0+15% Moringa leaf) which grouped by rumen fluids. Data analysis used analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The measured variable were microbial rumen population (bacteria and protozoa), fermentability (N-NH3, VFA), microbial protein synthesis, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (DMO). The results showed Moringa leaf extract significantly decreased bacterial population (p<0.05), but there was no effect on the protozoa population. Moringa leaf supplementation did not affect N-NH3, DMD, and DMO, but significantly influenced VFA concentration and microbial protein synthesis (p<0.01). The higher Moringa leaf supplementation showed decreasing total VFA concentration, but was still within the normal range for rumen fermentation (102.29-126.69 mM). Moringa leaf supplementation showed a quadratic effect on microbial protein synthesis with an optimal supplementation level of 5%, but decreasing at a level of 7.5% still within in normal range. It can be concluded Moringa leaf can be supplemented up to 7.5% in dairy cow ration. Key words: digestibility, fermentability, in vitro, moringa leaf, dairy cow

Comparison of Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Estimating In Situ Rumen Degradable Protein of Tropical Foliage Despal; Y. I. Yulianti; R. Zahera; I. Agustiyani; A. Rosmalia; I. M. Afnan; M. Zain; U. H. Tanuwiria
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.211

Tropical foliage is an alternative source for protein enrichment in the dairy ration. However, due to the expensive, laborious, and time-consuming data-gathering method, its degradability database for inclusion in ration formulation is still lacking. This study aims to estimate tropical foliage's in situ protein degradability (RDP) using chemical compositions, in vitro digestibilities, and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) methods. The study used one hundred ten tropical foliage samples and observed chemical composition, in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility, and in situ degradation characteristics variables. NIRS spectra were collected to calibrate and validate the in situ degradation characteristics. Correlations were made prior to regression analysis. The results showed that tropical foliage varied in ash (3.02%-18.3%), crude protein (CP) (11.6%-30.7%), crude fiber (CF) (10.2%-29.8%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (31.0%-58.2%), acid detergent fiber (ADF) (18.7%-44.1%), dry matter digestibility (DMD) (23.9%-73.2%), organic matter digestibility (OMD) (25.6%-73.9%), and in situ RDP (21.0%-75.4%). The foliage was highly degraded (RDP > 60%) except for Calliandra calothyrsus (59%). In situ RDP significantly correlated with ash, CP, CF, DMD, and OMD with coefficient correlations (r) of 0.43, 0.60, -0.33, 0.74, and 0.76, respectively. Estimation of RDP using chemical composition and in vitro digestibility followed the equation: RDP (%)= 0.69 + 2.122 CP (%) with R²= 0.41 (p<0.01) and RDP (%)= 0.162 ash + 1.270 CP -0.104 CF + 0.489 IVOMD, with R²= 0.68, p<0.01). Calibration of NIRS using in situ RDP resulted in a regression coefficient (R²) of 0.78. It is concluded that RDP tropical foliage can be estimated more accurately using NIRS compared to in vitro digestibility and chemical composition.

Nutritive Value, Digestibility, and Gas Production of Pennisetum purpureum Silage Supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum L. Riyanti; R. Zahera; A. N. Kisworo; R. R. S. Wihansah; G. Febriza
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 47 No. 3 (2024): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2024.47.3.312

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum as silage additives and their combinations on the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott silage and assess fermentation characteristics, digestibility, and in vitro gas production. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments are: T0= dwarf elephant grass silage + 3% molasses, T1= T0 + S. cerevisiae, T2= T0 + L. plantarum, and T3= T0 + S. cerevisiae + L. plantarum. Variables measured were organoleptic, physical, microbial, nutrient composition, in vitro fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibility, as well as total gas and methane productions. The result showed that all silages had good physical quality, low pH (<3.8) and NH3 content, and high fleigh point. Inoculants decreased the percentage of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract (p<0.05), increased crude fiber, and decreased the composition of nitrogen-free extract and non-fiber carbohydrate (p<0.05) but it was able to increase Ca and P. Total gas production of T0 was the highest among treatments, while the T3 had the lowest total gas and methane productions (p<0.05). The supplementation of S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum as a silage improved organoleptic, physical, and microbiological qualities. Although the nutrient composition did not increase significantly, the combination of 2 (two) inoculants was able to improve fermentation activity in the rumen, increase total volatile fatty acid (VFA), dry matter and organic matter digestibility, reduce total gas production and the ratio of methane gas production to VFA.

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