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COAL LIQUEFACTION IN INDONESIA: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROGRAMME NINING S. NINGRUM; BUKIN DAULAY
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2007): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 10 No. 1 February 2007
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (321.416 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol10.No1.2007.628

Abstract

The Presidential Decree No. 5/2006 and Presidential Instruction No. 2/2006 about Supply and Exploi- tation of Liquefied Coal as Other Fuel has instructed the interrelated department, including the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, to bring about the development of coal liquefaction plant in Indone- sia, and make use of its product - in the form of oil fuel. To implement the instruction, the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs issued Decision Letter, No. KEP-11/M.EKON/02/2006 about Coordina- tor of Team Action Programmed Supply and Use of Alternative Energy and KEP-01/D.III.M.EKON/02/ 2006 about Technical Coordinator Action Programme Supply and Use of Alternative Energy. Some activities that have been done by the coal liquefaction team in 2006 were the socialization of coal liquefaction to introduce the coal liquefaction technology to the investors. It is expected that the investors will be interested in investing their financial capital in the coal liquefaction.
EVALUATION OF IRON ORE FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN AND TAILING OF PT. FREEPORT AS CATALYST PRECURSORS FOR DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION MIFTAHUL HUDA; HERMANU PRIJONO; NINING S. NINGRUM; SUGANAL SUGANAL
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 1 February 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (222.118 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No1.2010.538

Abstract

Research on catalyst derived from minerals for coal liquefaction reaction remains attractive since Indonesia has various kinds of minerals which are suitable to be used as catalyst precursors. In this research, iron ore from South Kalimantan and tailing of PT. Freeport were examined their activities to find the most suitable catalyst precursor for coal liquefaction reaction. Experiments were performed using a 0.5 litre batch type autoclave equipped with a horizontal shaking unit (54 times per minute) at reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure and reaction time of 400oC, 10 MPa and 1 hr, respectively. The result showed that tailing produced lower oil yield and coal conversion than those of iron ore. Tailing is suspected to experience slower hydrogen transfer rate during coal liquefaction since it produced larger pyrrhotite crystal size than that of iron ore.
A REVIEW OF SYN-GAS POLYGENERATION AS ONE OF SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE NATIONAL ENERGY CRISIS NURHADI NURHADI; NINING S. NINGRUM
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2006): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 09 No. 2 June 2006
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (183.965 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol9.No2.2006.645

Abstract

In the future, Indonesian crisis energy can be overcome by the use of coal as oil substitute. Substi- tuting oil by coal is still a problem due to unfamiliar using coal by Indonesian, inappropriate technology selection and environmental pollution. The use of coal-based syn-gas as various energy resources and chemical material can be conducted in an integrated system called syn-gas polygeneration. Syn- gas polygeneration is efficient and environmental friendly. Its process can be conducted gradually. Yet government policy is needed to start applying syn-gas polygeneration from coal gasification.
A PROPOSED METHOD TO EVALUATE COUNTRY’S ENERGY UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY MIFTAHUL HUDA; NINING S. NINGRUM; RIDWAN SALEH
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (204.208 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.461

Abstract

The threat of global warming should be addressed by increasing energy effi ciency and reducing energy consump- tion, since the green house gas mainly comes from combustion of fossil fuel in energy sector. Unfortunately, the conventional energy effi ciency indicator in national level such as energy consumption per capita (ECPC), energy intensity (energy consumption: gross domestic product (GDP)) and energy elasticity frequently shows a contradictory result. Energy consumption depends on both number of populations and GDP. Therefore, the energy effi ciency indicator should also consider both parameters. The objective of this study is to develop a new energy effi ciency indicator using both GDP and energy consumption per capita as parameters. In this study, a new energy effi ciency indicator namely A/R energy is proposed. A/R energy (addition or reduction of energy) is calculated by subtracting the value of best practice ECPC with the value of actual ECPC. The value of best practice ECPC was derived from an equation correlated between ECPC and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Using the new indicator, it is revealed that some country with low ECPC in Africa, Asia and South America should increase their ECPC while all the developed country should reduce their ECPC. The best practice correlation between best practice ECPC and GDP per capita was also used to evaluate energy projection of Indonesia. Indonesia energy projection has been developed by IEA, Green Peace and Indonesian Government. Considering GDP and population growth ECPC, it is concluded that Indonesia energy projection developed by IEA is the most realistic, effi cient but achievable.
A PROPOSED METHOD TO EVALUATE COUNTRY’S ENERGY UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY MIFTAHUL HUDA; NINING S. NINGRUM; RIDWAN SALEH
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.461

Abstract

The threat of global warming should be addressed by increasing energy effi ciency and reducing energy consump- tion, since the green house gas mainly comes from combustion of fossil fuel in energy sector. Unfortunately, the conventional energy effi ciency indicator in national level such as energy consumption per capita (ECPC), energy intensity (energy consumption: gross domestic product (GDP)) and energy elasticity frequently shows a contradictory result. Energy consumption depends on both number of populations and GDP. Therefore, the energy effi ciency indicator should also consider both parameters. The objective of this study is to develop a new energy effi ciency indicator using both GDP and energy consumption per capita as parameters. In this study, a new energy effi ciency indicator namely A/R energy is proposed. A/R energy (addition or reduction of energy) is calculated by subtracting the value of best practice ECPC with the value of actual ECPC. The value of best practice ECPC was derived from an equation correlated between ECPC and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Using the new indicator, it is revealed that some country with low ECPC in Africa, Asia and South America should increase their ECPC while all the developed country should reduce their ECPC. The best practice correlation between best practice ECPC and GDP per capita was also used to evaluate energy projection of Indonesia. Indonesia energy projection has been developed by IEA, Green Peace and Indonesian Government. Considering GDP and population growth ECPC, it is concluded that Indonesia energy projection developed by IEA is the most realistic, effi cient but achievable.
EVALUATION OF IRON ORE FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN AND TAILING OF PT. FREEPORT AS CATALYST PRECURSORS FOR DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION MIFTAHUL HUDA; HERMANU PRIJONO; NINING S. NINGRUM; SUGANAL SUGANAL
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13 No 1 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 1 February 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No1.2010.538

Abstract

Research on catalyst derived from minerals for coal liquefaction reaction remains attractive since Indonesia has various kinds of minerals which are suitable to be used as catalyst precursors. In this research, iron ore from South Kalimantan and tailing of PT. Freeport were examined their activities to find the most suitable catalyst precursor for coal liquefaction reaction. Experiments were performed using a 0.5 litre batch type autoclave equipped with a horizontal shaking unit (54 times per minute) at reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure and reaction time of 400oC, 10 MPa and 1 hr, respectively. The result showed that tailing produced lower oil yield and coal conversion than those of iron ore. Tailing is suspected to experience slower hydrogen transfer rate during coal liquefaction since it produced larger pyrrhotite crystal size than that of iron ore.
COAL LIQUEFACTION IN INDONESIA: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROGRAMME NINING S. NINGRUM; BUKIN DAULAY
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 10 No 1 (2007): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 10 No. 1 February 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol10.No1.2007.628

Abstract

The Presidential Decree No. 5/2006 and Presidential Instruction No. 2/2006 about Supply and Exploi- tation of Liquefied Coal as Other Fuel has instructed the interrelated department, including the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, to bring about the development of coal liquefaction plant in Indone- sia, and make use of its product - in the form of oil fuel. To implement the instruction, the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs issued Decision Letter, No. KEP-11/M.EKON/02/2006 about Coordina- tor of Team Action Programmed Supply and Use of Alternative Energy and KEP-01/D.III.M.EKON/02/ 2006 about Technical Coordinator Action Programme Supply and Use of Alternative Energy. Some activities that have been done by the coal liquefaction team in 2006 were the socialization of coal liquefaction to introduce the coal liquefaction technology to the investors. It is expected that the investors will be interested in investing their financial capital in the coal liquefaction.
A REVIEW OF SYN-GAS POLYGENERATION AS ONE OF SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE NATIONAL ENERGY CRISIS NURHADI NURHADI; NINING S. NINGRUM
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 9 No 2 (2006): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 09 No. 2 June 2006
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol9.No2.2006.645

Abstract

In the future, Indonesian crisis energy can be overcome by the use of coal as oil substitute. Substi- tuting oil by coal is still a problem due to unfamiliar using coal by Indonesian, inappropriate technology selection and environmental pollution. The use of coal-based syn-gas as various energy resources and chemical material can be conducted in an integrated system called syn-gas polygeneration. Syn- gas polygeneration is efficient and environmental friendly. Its process can be conducted gradually. Yet government policy is needed to start applying syn-gas polygeneration from coal gasification.
Co-Authors BUKIN DAULAY HERMANU PRIJONO MIFTAHUL HUDA NURHADI NURHADI Ridwan Saleh SUGANAL SUGANAL