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MIFTAHUL HUDA
R & D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
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EVALUATION OF IRON ORE FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN AND TAILING OF PT. FREEPORT AS CATALYST PRECURSORS FOR DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION MIFTAHUL HUDA; HERMANU PRIJONO; NINING S. NINGRUM; SUGANAL SUGANAL
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 1 February 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (222.118 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No1.2010.538

Abstract

Research on catalyst derived from minerals for coal liquefaction reaction remains attractive since Indonesia has various kinds of minerals which are suitable to be used as catalyst precursors. In this research, iron ore from South Kalimantan and tailing of PT. Freeport were examined their activities to find the most suitable catalyst precursor for coal liquefaction reaction. Experiments were performed using a 0.5 litre batch type autoclave equipped with a horizontal shaking unit (54 times per minute) at reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure and reaction time of 400oC, 10 MPa and 1 hr, respectively. The result showed that tailing produced lower oil yield and coal conversion than those of iron ore. Tailing is suspected to experience slower hydrogen transfer rate during coal liquefaction since it produced larger pyrrhotite crystal size than that of iron ore.
A PROPOSED METHOD TO EVALUATE COUNTRY’S ENERGY UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY MIFTAHUL HUDA; NINING S. NINGRUM; RIDWAN SALEH
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (204.208 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.461

Abstract

The threat of global warming should be addressed by increasing energy effi ciency and reducing energy consump- tion, since the green house gas mainly comes from combustion of fossil fuel in energy sector. Unfortunately, the conventional energy effi ciency indicator in national level such as energy consumption per capita (ECPC), energy intensity (energy consumption: gross domestic product (GDP)) and energy elasticity frequently shows a contradictory result. Energy consumption depends on both number of populations and GDP. Therefore, the energy effi ciency indicator should also consider both parameters. The objective of this study is to develop a new energy effi ciency indicator using both GDP and energy consumption per capita as parameters. In this study, a new energy effi ciency indicator namely A/R energy is proposed. A/R energy (addition or reduction of energy) is calculated by subtracting the value of best practice ECPC with the value of actual ECPC. The value of best practice ECPC was derived from an equation correlated between ECPC and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Using the new indicator, it is revealed that some country with low ECPC in Africa, Asia and South America should increase their ECPC while all the developed country should reduce their ECPC. The best practice correlation between best practice ECPC and GDP per capita was also used to evaluate energy projection of Indonesia. Indonesia energy projection has been developed by IEA, Green Peace and Indonesian Government. Considering GDP and population growth ECPC, it is concluded that Indonesia energy projection developed by IEA is the most realistic, effi cient but achievable.
A PROPOSED METHOD TO EVALUATE COUNTRY’S ENERGY UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY MIFTAHUL HUDA; NINING S. NINGRUM; RIDWAN SALEH
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15 No 2 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 2 June 2012
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No2.2012.461

Abstract

The threat of global warming should be addressed by increasing energy effi ciency and reducing energy consump- tion, since the green house gas mainly comes from combustion of fossil fuel in energy sector. Unfortunately, the conventional energy effi ciency indicator in national level such as energy consumption per capita (ECPC), energy intensity (energy consumption: gross domestic product (GDP)) and energy elasticity frequently shows a contradictory result. Energy consumption depends on both number of populations and GDP. Therefore, the energy effi ciency indicator should also consider both parameters. The objective of this study is to develop a new energy effi ciency indicator using both GDP and energy consumption per capita as parameters. In this study, a new energy effi ciency indicator namely A/R energy is proposed. A/R energy (addition or reduction of energy) is calculated by subtracting the value of best practice ECPC with the value of actual ECPC. The value of best practice ECPC was derived from an equation correlated between ECPC and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Using the new indicator, it is revealed that some country with low ECPC in Africa, Asia and South America should increase their ECPC while all the developed country should reduce their ECPC. The best practice correlation between best practice ECPC and GDP per capita was also used to evaluate energy projection of Indonesia. Indonesia energy projection has been developed by IEA, Green Peace and Indonesian Government. Considering GDP and population growth ECPC, it is concluded that Indonesia energy projection developed by IEA is the most realistic, effi cient but achievable.
EVALUATION OF IRON ORE FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN AND TAILING OF PT. FREEPORT AS CATALYST PRECURSORS FOR DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION MIFTAHUL HUDA; HERMANU PRIJONO; NINING S. NINGRUM; SUGANAL SUGANAL
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13 No 1 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 1 February 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No1.2010.538

Abstract

Research on catalyst derived from minerals for coal liquefaction reaction remains attractive since Indonesia has various kinds of minerals which are suitable to be used as catalyst precursors. In this research, iron ore from South Kalimantan and tailing of PT. Freeport were examined their activities to find the most suitable catalyst precursor for coal liquefaction reaction. Experiments were performed using a 0.5 litre batch type autoclave equipped with a horizontal shaking unit (54 times per minute) at reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure and reaction time of 400oC, 10 MPa and 1 hr, respectively. The result showed that tailing produced lower oil yield and coal conversion than those of iron ore. Tailing is suspected to experience slower hydrogen transfer rate during coal liquefaction since it produced larger pyrrhotite crystal size than that of iron ore.
Co-Authors HERMANU PRIJONO NINING S. NINGRUM Ridwan Saleh SUGANAL SUGANAL