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PENGARUH EXTERNALITAS PADA NET ENERGY RATIO PRODUKSI BIODIESEL MIKROALGA = Externalities Effect on Net Energy Ratio of Microalgae Biodiesel Production Santoso, Arif Dwi; ., Kardono; Susanto, Joko P.
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (409.505 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v14i2.1426

Abstract

In the future, Indonesia is predicted to be hit by national energy crisis so that it needs to do some efforts to overcome its dependences on these fossil energy sources. One of the efforts to lower high dependency on fossil energy sources is to find renewable energy sources. Microalgae has a great potential as a renewable energy source because it has the advantages of high productivity and sustainability. Development of microalgal biomasses as a renewable energy source is however, constrained by high cost of biomass production and low value of NER (net energy ratio) comparing tothese of other biomasses, like palm oil, jatrophaand tubers. Literature study shows that the method of NER calculation on biodiesel production does not yet include environmental variables. This researchis therefore to evaluate the values of NER before and after the addition of environmental commodity variables that consist of social, environmental and land use cost. Results of NER values calculatedusing existing LCA and modification LCA method are found to be 0,62 ± 0,078 and 0,60 ± 0,075 for algal biodiesel and 4,17 ± 0,79 and 3,22 ± 0,61 for palm biodiesel. The lower value of NER value differences for algal biomass indicates that biodiesel production from algal biomass is more environmentally-friendly. In addition, it is predicted that microalgae will have a significant contribution in the green house gases (GHGs) mitigation by replacing fossil fuel in the future through its role as a biodiesel. Keywords: net energy ratio, life cycle analysis, environmental commodity, microalgae, biodieselAbstrakDi masa depan, Indonesia diperkirakan akan dilanda krisis energi nasional sehingga perlu melakukan upaya untuk mengatasi ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil tersebut. Salah satu upayauntuk menurunkan ketergantungan pada energi fosil adalah untuk menemukan sumber energi terbarukan. Mikroalga memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber energi terbarukan karena memiliki keuntungan dari produktivitas tinggi. Pengembangan biomasa mikroalga sebagai sumber energi terbarukan terkendala oleh tingginya biaya produksi dan nilai rendah APM (rasio energi bersih) dibandingkan dengan biomasa lainnya, seperti kelapa sawit ataupun umbi-umbian. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa metode perhitungan APM pada produksi biodiesel belum menyertakan variabel lingkungan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi nilai-nilai APM sebelum dansesudah penambahan variabel komoditas lingkungan yang terdiri dari biaya sosial, lingkungan dan penggunaan lahan. Hasil nilai NER dihitung dengan menggunakan LCA yang ada dan metode LCAmodifikasi yang ditemukan 0,62 ± 0078 dan 0,60 ± 0,075 untuk biodiesel alga dan 4,17 ± 0,79 dan 3,22 ± 0,61 untuk biodiesel sawit. Nilai yang lebih rendah dari perbedaan nilai APM untuk biomassaalga menunjukkan bahwa produksi biodiesel dari biomassa alga lebih ramah lingkungan. Selain itu, diperkirakan bahwa mikroalga akan memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam mitigasi gas rumahkaca (GRK) dengan mengganti bahan bakar fosil. Kata kunci: rasio energi, analisa siklus hidup, komoditas lingkungan, mikroalga, biodiesel
MICROALGAE FOR CO2 REDUCTION AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT APPLICATION IN INDUSTRIAL AREA Arif Dwi Santoso; Rahmania A. Darmawan; Joko P. Susanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis Vol. 3 No. 2 (2011): Elektronik Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
Publisher : Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (217.787 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jitkt.v3i2.7822

Abstract

The microalgae incorporated photobioreactor (PBR) is a highly efficient biological system for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) gases into biomass and treating wastewater. In this study, the freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. was cultured in two unit photobioreactors which were connected to a boiler of dairy factory. The source of water for microalgae culture media (in the photobioreactors) are collected from the waste water treatment plant of the dairy factory itself. The objective of this microalgae photobioreactor activity were to reduce CO2, produce biomass and as a part of a waste water treatment in a dairy industry in Indonesia. Both photobioreactors were operated for 14 days culture interval in the semi continuous cultivation, with initial stocking rate of 2 x 105 cells/ml microalgae. Carbon dioxide concentration from the boiler stack was 10-11 % vol. The photobioreactors were injected with the specified CO2 concentration with flow rate of 2 l/min. and 1.5 l/min. The result showed that microalgae photobioreactors capability in CO2 absorption were 0.78 ± 0.25 and 0.92 ±0.36 g CO2/l media/day, respectively. Before and after utilized by the photobioreactors system, Nitrate and Phosphate concentration of the culture media (supplied from the waste water treatment plant) decreased from 3-4 mg/l to 0.05-0.1 mg/l. After 14 days cultivation, biomass concentration of microalgae which were injected with CO2 flow rate of 2 l/min. and 1.5 l/min. were 19 x 106 cells/ml and 15 x 106 cells/ml respectively. Results showed that microalgal photobioreactors operated in an industrial area could reduce CO2 concentration and produce biomass.Keywords: photobioreactor (PBR), Chlorella sp., CO2 flue gas emissions, wastewater