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Synthesis and Photoactivity of Fe3O4/TiO2-Co as a Magnetically Separable Visible Light Responsive Photocatalyst Eko Sri Kunarti; Indriana Kartini; Akhmad Syoufian; Karolina Martha Widyandari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of magnetic photocatalyst, Fe3O4/TiO2-Co, with characterization and photoactivity examination have been conducted. The synthesis was initiated by preparation of Fe3O4 particles using coprecipitation method. The Fe3O4 particles were then coated with TiO2-Co at a various ratio of Fe3O4:TiO2 and concentration of Co(II) dopant. The Fe3O4/TiO2-Co was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, VSM, and SR UV-visible methods. Photoactivity of the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co was carried out using methylene blue as a target molecule in degradation reaction within a batch system. By using optimum conditions, the degradation of methylene blue solution was performed under exposure to UV, visible light and dark condition. Results showed that the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co formation was confirmed by the presence of Fe3O4 and anatase diffraction peaks in the X-ray diffractogram. SR UV-Vis spectra indicated that the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co was responsive to visible light. Band gap energy of the Fe3O4/TiO2-Co with dopant concentration of 1; 5; 10 and 15% were 3.22; 3.12; 3.09 and 2.81 eV, respectively. The methylene blue solution can be well photodegraded at a pH of 10 for 210 min. The Fe3O4/TiO2-Co has the highest ability to methylene blue photodegradation with dopant concentration of 10% gave degradation yield of 80.51 and 95.38% under UV and visible irradiation, respectively.

Synthesis of Iron-Doped Zirconium Titanate as a Potential Visible-Light Responsive Photocatalyst Rian Kurniawan; Sri Sudiono; Wega Trisunaryanti; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis and properties of iron-doped zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4) as a potential visible-light-responsive photocatalyst had been conducted. Various iron dopant concentration and calcination temperature were investigated toward the properties of Fe-doped ZrTiO4. The photocatalyst material was synthesized by sol-gel and impregnation method. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was used as a precursor, embedded on zirconia fine powder. A certain amount of iron (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt.%) was introduced into the photocatalyst system from iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O). Photocatalyst with various iron concentration calcined at 500 °C. ZrTiO4 with 5% iron additionally was calcined at 700 and 900 °C. Characterization was performed by using XRD, FT-IR, SR-UV, and SEM-EDX. The presence of iron on the surface of ZrTiO4 was proved by EDX analysis. Fe-doped ZrTiO4 with the lowest bandgap (2.83 eV) is 7% of iron content after calcination at 500 °C.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cu-Doped Zirconium Titanate as A Potential Visible-Light Responsive Photocatalyst Katarina Rachma Andita; Rian Kurniawan; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped zirconium titanateas a potential visible-light responsive photocatalyst had been conducted. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was used as a precursor of Ti source, reacted to ZrO2 powderand CuSO4·5H2O with various Cu concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% (w/w) by sol-gel method. Zirconium titanate with Cu concentration of 5% was calcined at various temperatures of 500, 700 and 900 °C. All materials were characterized by using XRD, FTIR, SRUV, and SEM-EDX. The characterization proved that the materials were potential as a model of visible-light responsive photocatalyst. Composite with optimum bandgap energy (Eg) was obtained at 5% Cu content after 500 °C with an absorption edge wavelength of 431.93 nm and the bandgap of 2.87 eV.

Fuel Production from LDPE-based Plastic Waste over Chromium Supported on Sulfated Zirconia Latifah Hauli; Karna Wijaya; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity test of sulfated zirconia (SZ) modified with chromium for the hydrocracking of LDPE-based plastic waste have been investigated. SZ was prepared by wet impregnation method using zirconia nanopowder (ZrO2) and H2SO4 solution. SZ was further modified with chromium (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% wt.%) by refluxing in aqueous solution of Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, followed by calcination and reduction processes. The prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM-Mapping and TEM. Hydrocracking of LDPE-based plastic waste was conducted at various temperatures and various catalysts. In addition, the optimum catalyst was repeatedly used for the reaction to demonstrate the stability of the catalyst. Liquid products obtained by hydrocracking were characterized by GCMS. The results showed that the morphology of the prepared catalysts had different sizes and disordered shapes after the addition of sulfate and Cr. The effective temperature for hydrocracking was 250 °C. The highest selectivity to liquid product and gasoline fraction were 40.99 and 93.42 wt.%, respectively, and were obtained over Cr/SZ with 1.0 wt.% Cr. Hydrocracking of plastic waste over the used Cr/SZ catalyst with 1.0 wt.% Cr showed that the Cr/SZ catalyst was stable and reusable up to three repetitions.

Cobalt Doping on Zirconium Titanate as a Potential Photocatalyst with Visible-Light-Response Emilya Faridatul Sulaikhah; Rian Kurniawan; Mokhammad Fajar Pradipta; Wega Trisunaryanti; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of cobalt-doped zirconium titanate (Co-doped ZrTiO4) as a potential photocatalyst with visible-light-response had been conducted. Materials used in this research were titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor of TiO2, ZrO2 as another semiconductor for coupling, and CoSO4·7H2O as the source of cobalt dopant. The composite was prepared by the sol-gel method with various cobalt contents and calcination temperatures. Composites with various Co dopant contents (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9% (Co wt./Ti wt.)) were calcined at 500 °C for 4 h. In addition, the composite with 5% of dopant content was calcined at 700 and 900 °C to observe the influence of calcination temperature. All samples were characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction method (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), specular reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (SRUV), and scanning electron microscopy equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Co-doped ZrTiO4 with the lowest bandgap (2.94 eV) was achieved in a sample containing 3% of cobalt content calcined at 500 °C.

Zinc-Doped Titania Embedded on the Surface of Zirconia: A Potential Visible-Responsive Photocatalyst Material Azizia Alifi; Rian Kurniawan; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 6 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The preparation and characterization of zirconia-supported titania with a zinc dopant had been studied. Zinc-doped titania was grown on the surface of zirconia by the sol-gel method. Various zinc contents and calcination temperatures were applied to investigate the zinc doping effect and crystal structure of the zirconia-titania composite. X-ray diffraction method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy were performed to characterize the composite. The morphology of the composite was observed by using a scanning electron microscope, and its composition was analyzed by using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Among various zinc dopant contents and calcination temperatures investigated, doping with 5% zinc (Zn wt./Ti wt.) at 900 °C calcination shows the best result in response to visible light with a bandgap of 2.87 eV and absorption edge wavelength of 432.61 nm.

Codoping Effect of Nitrogen (N) to Iron (Fe) Doped Zirconium Titanate (ZrTiO4) Composite toward Its Visible Light Responsiveness as Photocatalysts Rizka Hayati; Rian Kurniawan; Niko Prasetyo; Sri Sudiono; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70146

Iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N) were introduced as dopants into zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4) in order to study the codoping effects of nitrogen on iron-doped zirconium titanate (Fe,N-codoped ZrTiO4) composite. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP), zirconia (ZrO2), urea, and iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate were used as the source of TiO2, semiconductor supports, source of nitrogen, and iron, respectively. A specific amount of iron (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt.%) and a fixed nitrogen content (10 wt.%) were doped into the ZrTiO4 lattice. Various calcination temperatures (from 500 to 900 °C) were also applied to investigate the crystal structure of the composite. The composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), and specular reflectance UV-Vis (SR-UV). The lowest bandgap energy of 2.62 eV was obtained in the composite with 3 wt.% of Fe and 10 wt.% of N calcined at 500 °C.

Copper-and-Nitrogen-Codoped Zirconium Titanate (Cu-N-ZrTiO4) as a Photocatalyst for Photo-Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible-Light Irradiation Lenny Rahmawati; Rian Kurniawan; Niko Prasetyo; Sri Sudiono; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.78908

Synthesis and characterization of copper-and-nitrogen-codoped zirconium titanate (Cu-N-ZrTiO4) as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) have been conducted. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the co-doping effect of copper and nitrogen dopants in ZrTiO4 as a photocatalyst for the photodegradation of MB. Titanium-(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was dissolved into ethanol and mixed with aqueous zirconia (ZrO2) suspension containing 10% nitrogen (N) (w/w to Ti) from urea and various amount of copper as dopants. The calcination was performed at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. The composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, and specular reflectance UV-Visible spectrophotometer (SRUV-Vis). The degradation of 4 mg L−1 MB solution was conducted for various irradiation times. Characterization shows a significant decrease of the ZrTiO4 band gap from 3.09 to 2.65 eV, which was given by the composite with the addition of 4% Cu and calcination of 900 °C. Cu-N-ZrTiO4 composite can degrade MB solution up to 83% after 120 min under the irradiation of visible light.

Visible-Light-Induced Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Using Mn,N-codoped ZrTiO4 as Photocatalyst Akhmad Syoufian; Rian Kurniawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.79261

Composites of manganese and nitrogen-codoped zirconium titanate (Mn,N-codoped ZrTiO4) had been synthesized by the sol-gel method as a visible-light responsive photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). Synthesis was conducted at 25 °C using titanium(IV) isopropoxide, zirconium oxide, urea, and manganese(II) chloride. Mn,N-codoped ZrTiO4 containing fixed 10% nitrogen dopant (wN/wTi) with various Mn dopant contents (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% wMn/wTi) and calcination temperatures (500, 700, and 900 °C) had been investigated. All of the Mn,N-codoped ZrTiO4 exhibit a band gap within the visible range (2.51 to 2.74 eV). Photodegradation of MB was performed under visible light illumination for 120 min. The highest activity was achieved up to 7.7 µg L−1 min−1, which was obtained from Mn,N-codoped ZrTiO4 calcined at 500 °C containing 6% Mn and 10% N dopants.

Photodegradation of Phenol under Visible Light Irradiation Using Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 Composite as a High-Performance Photocatalyst Wanda Putra Fauzi; Rian Kurniawan; Sri Sudiono; Niko Prasetyo; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90365

Codoping of nitrogen and copper into zirconium titanate composite (Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4) was carried out through a sol-gel process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of copper and nitrogen dopants on the photocatalytic activity of ZrTiO4 composite in degrading phenol. To prepare the composite, an aqueous suspension of zirconia (ZrO2) alongside a fixed amount of urea and various amount of copper sulfate was added dropwise into diluted titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in ethanol. The composites were calcined at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, and specular reflectance UV-visible spectrophotometry (SR UV-vis) were used for their characterization of composite. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by adding the composite into a 10 mg L−1 phenol solution for various irradiation time spans. The remaining concentration of phenol solution was determined by absorption at 269 nm. Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 composite containing 5% Cu calcined at 500 °C demonstrated the highest observed rate constant and a significant band gap decrease from 3.13 to 2.68 eV.

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