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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Mesin CALYPTRA : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya Industrial and Systems Engineering Assessment Journal (INASEA) Rekayasa Mesin Sinergi Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Teknik Industri Komatika: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Polimesin
The Jaya Suteja
Department Of Manufacturing Engineering - University Of Surabaya
Aerospace Engineering Humanities Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

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Experimental study and optimisation of flexural properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid for energy-storing-and-returning prosthetic foot Suteja, The Jaya; Handoko, Rico; Soesanti, Arum
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.015

Abstract

A prosthetic foot with energy-storing-and-returning capabilities requires high strength to prevent damage, high rigidity for stability, and low weight for user comfort. Therefore, efforts are needed to optimise the properties of the 3D-printed prosthetic foot. Based on the literature review, a research gap remains in understanding the complex interactions among 3D printing parameters that improve flexural properties, minimise mass, and reduce printing time. This study investigated how infill density, layer thickness, shell thickness, and their interaction affect the flexural strength-to-mass ratio, flexural modulus of elasticity, strain, and required printing time of the 3D-printed product. The experimental parameter ranges are infill density (40–60%), layer thickness (0.2–0.3 mm), and shell thickness (0.8–1.6 mm). A case study was conducted to optimise these parameters using the Response Surface Methodology with the Box-Behnken Design. The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic model, and Analysis of Variance determined the significance of individual factors. A gradient-based algorithm then identified the optimal parameter combinations. Results indicated that shell thickness was the most influential factor on the flexural strength-to-mass ratio and flexural modulus. Additionally, the interaction between layer height and shell thickness significantly affected strain, while infill density impacted printing time. The optimal values obtained were 32.5722 MPa/gram for the flexural strength-to-mass ratio, 2727.06 MPa for the modulus, 0.0522 for the strain, and 757.7788 seconds for the printing time. The novelty of this research lies in presenting how the interaction between shell thickness, layer thickness, and infill density affects process productivity and material efficiency while preserving product performance.
Co-Authors Aluisius Hery Pratono Amanda, Zoya Neidira Arum Soesanti Buyung Moslem Edy Purwanto Erdin, Bryan Handoko, Rico Jesslyne Chenia Noel Michael Evan Rahmawan , Damario Poetra Elang Rico Handoko Samuel Eluzai Yedija Wijayanto Soesanti, Arum Soleka, Rofiatun Stephany Tedjohartoko Sunardi Tjandra Susila Candra Timotius William Anggawirawan Tjandra, Sunardi Viona Christi Wyna Herdiana Yon Haryono Yudistira Aquarista