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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Kimia TEKMAPRO Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual Jurnal Metalurgi dan Material Indonesia Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering Journal Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan
Mr. Sutiyono
Chemical Engineering, Aculty Of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
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Manufacture of Struvite From Industrial Waste Sodium Tripolyphosphate Using Bulkhead Column Reactor Sutiyono; Luluk Edahwati; Adeniah Setiabudi; Suhaili
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 3rd International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2022.2702

Abstract

The utilization of Industrial Waste Sodium Trypolyphosphate to be used as struvite fertilizer is still very few. Sodium Trypolyphosphate Industrial Waste has a very high phosphate content, which is 21610 mg/l. Struvite is one type of inorganic fertilizer, where this fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer. This fertilizer is known as Magnesium, Ammonium, Phosphate. The main objective of this study was to determine the best temperature and molar ratio in the formation and quality of the struvite produced. In this study, uses a device in the form of a Bulkhead Column Reactor, with the help of air as a stirrer. The process with the Bulk Column Reactor is carried out using several variables, namely the temperature variable and the molar ratio variable. The temperature used is 30oC. As for the molar ratio, it is, 1:1:1; 2:1:1 and 3:1:1. The best results from this study were at a temperature of 30oC with a molar ratio of 3 : 1: 1, where the struvite produced had a magnesium content of 3.8% and a phosphate content of 33.8%.
Analysis of Combustion Temperature on Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) of Diesel Engines Using B100 and B20 Fuel in the Long Term Wiliandi Saputro; Muhammad Ikhsan; Erwan Adi Saputro; Wahyu Dwi Lestari; Luluk Edahwati; Ahmad Khairul Faizin; Sutiyono; Ndaru Adyono; Tria Puspa Sari; Radissa Dzaky Issafira
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 3rd International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2022.2716

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil-producing countries globally, with a production value of 40 million tons by 2020. Biodiesel is one of the alternative energy sources that can be processed from palm oil. Diesel engines can directly use biodiesel as a fuel. Biodiesel has distinct characteristics from diesel; thus, it will affect performance and other things on the engine. In this research, diesel engine performance tests were carried out, including specific fuel consumption (SFC), cylinder head temperature, cylinder block, and exhaust pipe, with a test time of 300 hours. This research aims to determine the effect of the cylinder head, cylinder block, and exhaust pipe temperatures on SFC using two different fuels, i.e., B100 and B20. Based on the test results, the average cylinder head, cylinder block, and exhaust pipe temperatures on the B100 engine are 136 oC, 130 oC, and 257 oC. As for the B20 engine's cylinder head, block, and exhaust pipe temperatures are 139 oC, 132 oC, and 264 oC. Engine with B100 fuel obtained SFC of 0.317 kg/kW.hour and engine with B20 fuel obtained SFC of 0.276 kg/kW.hour. In general, the combustion temperature in the cylinder head affects the increase in SFC in both engines with different fuels; the higher the combustion temperature in the cylinder head, the higher the SFC is. Engines with B100 fuel have a higher SFC value than B20 fuel, which is influenced by the higher viscosity and density values; thus, the droplets from the fuel atomization process become larger when compared to fuels with lower viscosity and density values. The graph analysis shows that the cylinder block temperature graph on the B100 and B20 fueled engines decreases between temperatures of 133-134 oC, then inflates with the increase in specific fuel consumption. The higher temperature compared to the B100 fuel engine makes the fuel undergo complete combustion when injected into the combustion chamber due to atomization or very fine droplets burning completely. The cylinder block temperature chart on the B100 and B20 fueled engines has a very significant trend difference. B100 engines tend to experience a decreasing trend in temperature along with an increase in SFC, while B20 engines tend to experience an increasing temperature trend along with an increase in SFC.
Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate from Boiler Egg Shells as Raw Material for Hydroxyapatite Luluk Edahwati; Sutiyono; Rahmaniar Naulita Hutagalung; Siti Robiatuz Zahrotun Nukhuf
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 3rd International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2022.2718

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is one of the biomaterials that can be used for replacement bones for survivors of fractures that can be caused by accidents or natural disasters. Hydroxyapatite biomaterials are now a necessity, but the high price of imported hydroxyapatites has resulted in difficulties in obtaining them. The purpose of this study is to synthesize calcium phosphate from the eggshells of purebred chickens so that they can be used as raw materials for making hydroxyapatite. The stages in the manufacture of calcium phosphate are calcination as a pretreatment process of purebred chicken egg shells which is continued with the synthesis process. The research variables used are variations in phosphoric acid concentrations and also pH variations. The results presented were regarding calcium content through XRF analysis, diffraction patterns from calcium phosphate through XRD analysis, and morphology of calcium phosphate through SEM analysis. From the results of the analysis, it can be used as a reference for the characteristics of calcium phosphate which will be used as a raw material for making hydroxyapatite.
Struvite Crystallization for Ammonium Removal from Cow Urine with Bulkhead Reactor Luluk Edahwati; Sutiyono; Fauziah Hilda Alvira; Rizqi Rendri Anggriawan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1256.581 KB) | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v5i1.202

Abstract

The presence of ammonium content in cow urine waste damages the aquatic ecosystem due to its toxicity. Ammonium content can be reduced by removing it through struvite crystallization. In this study, struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) was formed from the reaction of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate compounds using a bulkhead reactor. The rate of air moving the solution in the reactor causes ammonium to react with reactants to form struvite. This research was conducted with M : A : P (magnesium ammonium phosphate) molar ratio solution is 3 : 1 : 1 and 0,4 L/min air flow rate with MAP flow rate variation of 8,8; 11; 14,67; 22; 44 ml/min and a temperature variation of 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 ̊C to decrease ammonium content. The faster the MAP flow rate, thelower the ammonium removal efficiency. The efficiency of ammonium removal will increase with increasing temperature. The best results obtained in this study were ammonium removal in the waste of 77.97%. The result of x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) is the crystals tested was a struvite with elongated or rod shape. EDAX analysis gave the percentage of components in struvite, namely 14.28% Mg, 10.68% N, and 18.19% P.
The Utilization of Green Mussel Shell Waste for The Production of Hydroxyapatite Using Sol-Gel Method Aninda Ikaputri; Moh Nur Fuadzi; Luluk Edahwati; Sutiyono Sutiyono
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v9i1.9116

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is a type of ceramic biomaterial made up of calcium and phosphate, with a chemical formula of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. The Calcium used in this research was obtained from Green Mussel Shell Waste Precipitated Calcium Carbonate. The research was conducted using the sol-gel method to determine the optimal conditions for hydroxyapatite synthesis with the variable of H3PO4 solution at 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M. The result at the concentration of H3PO4 on 1 M turns out the optimal condition. The hydroxyapatite synthesis using the sol-gel method with a concentration of 1 M pH 12 phosphoric acid was successfully conducted and known as the optimal condition in this research. From the synthesis results, the characterization of hydroxyapatite synthesis shows there was a P-O bond at 995.27 cm-1 and an OH- bond at 3068.75 cm-1. The ratio of Ca/P calculated is 1.68 which is close to the standard ratio Ca/P of hydroxyapatite.
Magnesium Addition Study in Phosphate Recovery from Struvite Mineral Formation Luluk Edahwati; Sutiyono; A. Khanifah; Lusy Larasati A; Indah N. F.
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3604

Abstract

An excessive concentration of phosphate in aquatic ecosystems can lead to various problems, such as the proliferation of algae, a phenomenon known as eutrophication. Eutrophication can disrupt the natural flow of water and harm aquatic life. To prevent these issues, it is essential to recover excess phosphate from the water. Phosphate is an essential element for plant growth, playing a vital role in various physiological processes. It accelerates root development, aids in the synthesis of proteins and minerals, promotes flowering and supports overall plant fertilization. The process of phosphate recovery typically involves specific conditions. Moreover, it can serve as a reserve for maintaining phosphate availability in the environment. The extraction of phosphates from water is carried out under specific conditions. This process involves maintaining a temperature of 30°C, with an aeration rate between 0.5 to 1 liter per minute. The pH of the treatment should be maintained within the range of 8 to 10. The molar ratio of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) can vary, with options like 1:1:1, 2:1:1, and 3:1:1. In the context of these parameters, the research findings indicate that the highest phosphate yield was achieved under specific conditions. The optimal conditions for phosphate recovery were a pH level of 8 and a molar ratio of MAP at 2:1:1, resulting in an impressive phosphate yield of 82,19%. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully managing phosphate levels in aquatic ecosystems while also highlighting the potential for efficient phosphate recovery processes to mitigate environmental issues related to excess phosphate concentrations.
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI LIMBAH KULIT SINGKONG DENGAN PELEBURAN ALKALI Magfiroh, Aldilah Dian; Isnayyah, Wanda Nur; Triana, Nurul Widji; Sutiyono, Sutiyono
JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/jip.v14i1.31607

Abstract

Pemanfaatan singkong di Indonesia sejauh ini masih berfokus pada bagian umbinya, sementara kulit singkong sering kali hanya menjadi limbah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Padahal, kulit singkong memiliki kandungan selulosa yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku alternatif dalam pembuatan asam oksalat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh asam oksalat dengan kadar tertinggi serta menentukan nilai pH yang stabil berdasarkan variasi suhu dan waktu terbaik dalam proses peleburan alkali. Proses pembuatan asam oksalat dari kulit singkong diawali dengan peleburan alkali, di mana serbuk kulit singkong dicampur dengan larutan KOH. Filtrat yang dihasilkan kemudian ditambahkan dengan larutan CaCl₂ 10%, lalu endapan yang terbentuk diasamkan menggunakan H₂SO₄ dan disaring untuk memperoleh filtrat asam oksalat. Filtrat tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode titrasi permanganometri dan pH meter. Penelitian ini menerapkan variasi suhu sebesar 100, 120, 140, 160, dan 180 °C serta waktu peleburan selama 70, 75, 80, 85, dan 90 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 160 °C dengan waktu peleburan selama 85 menit, menghasilkan kadar asam oksalat sebesar 15,7% dari 5 gram serbuk kulit singkong yang memiliki kadar selulosa sebesar 48,17%.
PENGARUH WAKTU SAKARIFIKASI DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN PADA HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK PATI SUWEG TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DAN KADAR AIR DALAM GLUKOSA CAIR Puspitasari, Kurnia; Andriani, Silvia Desy; Wahyusi, Kindriari Nurma; Sutiyono, Sutiyono; Santi, Sintha Soraya
JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/jip.v14i1.32750

Abstract

Kebutuhan gula nasional yang tinggi tidak sebanding dengan produksi dalam negeri mendorong eksplorasi bahan baku alternatif untuk produksi glukosa cair. Umbi suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) sebagai tanaman lokal dengan kadar pati tinggi, memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan glukosa cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu sakarifikasi (2-6 jam) dan kecepatan pengadukan (200-400 rpm) terhadap kadar glukosa dan kadar air dalam glukosa cair dari hidrolisis pati umbi suweg menggunakan metode enzimatis. Proses hidrolisis diawali dengan pembuatan pati dari umbi suweg, dilanjutkan likuifikasi dengan enzim α-amilase, dan sakarifikasi menggunakan enzim glukoamilase. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan waktu sakarifikasi dan kecepatan pengadukan berbanding lurus dengan kadar glukosa yang dihasilkan dan menurunkan kadar air. Kadar glukosa tertinggi tercapai pada kondisi 6 jam dan kecepatan 400 rpm dengan nilai sebesar 27,5 °Brix. Namun, nilai ini belum memenuhi standar SNI yakni sebesar 70 °Brix. Kadar air yang dihasilkan berada dalam kisaran 7,229-18,139%, yang masih memenuhi batas maksimal menurut SNI 01-2978-1991. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa umbi suweg memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku alternatif dalam produksi glukosa cair, di mana waktu sakarifikasi serta kecepatan pengadukan merupakan faktor signifikan dalam meningkatkan hasil glukosa. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk memperpanjang waktu sakarifikasi agar mencapai kadar glukosa yang sesuai standar. 
EKSTRAKSI ALUMINA DAN BESI DARI LIMBAH FLY ASH MENGGUNAKAN ASAM SULFAT Maria Tania Sagala; Mikail Ali Reza; Sutiyono Sutiyono
BRILIANT: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual Vol 11 No 2 (2026): Volume 11 Nomor 2, Mei 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28926/briliant.v11i2.2343

Abstract

Fly ash contains alumina and iron that are generated during industrial production processes. Effective utilization of fly ash requires a clear understanding of its physical and chemical properties to ensure optimal use. Fly ash comprises various components, including 13.05 wt% SiO₂, 16.04 wt% Al₂O₃, 36.06 wt% Fe₂O₂, and 6.20 wt% CaO. The objective of this inquire about was to decide the degree to which alumina and iron can be extracted by means of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) leaching. The experimental variables included extraction temperature 85, 90, 95, 100, and 120°C and H₂SO₄ concentration at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% by volume. The procedure began with standardizing the fly ash by grinding to 60 mesh, followed by washing and drying. Next, the extraction process was carried out for 60 minutes with the addition of an aqueous H₂SO₄ solution. The coming about filtrate was analyzed utilizing Nuclear Retention Spectrophotometry (AAS) to evaluate the concentrations of broken up aluminum and iron. The highest extraction rates were achieved at 120°C with 15% H₂SO₄, yielding approximately 2.79% Al and 7.61% Fe.
Co-Authors A. Khanifah Achmad Fanani Adeniah Setiabudi Ahmad Khairul Faizin Andriani, Silvia Desy Aninda Ikaputri Erwan Adi Saputro Fauziah Hilda Alvira Fauziah Hilda Alvira Herdiana Septiani Herdiana Septiani Indah N. F. Isnayyah, Wanda Nur Kartika Pratiwi Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi L Edahwati Luluk Edahwati Luluk Edahwati Lusy Larasati A Magfiroh, Aldilah Dian Maria Tania Sagala Mikail Ali Reza Moh Nur Fuadzi Muhammad Ikhsan Ndaru Adyono Ndaru Adyono Nikmatuz Zahra Nikmatuz Zahra Puspitasari, Kurnia Radissa Dzaky Issafira Radissa Dzaky Issafira Radissa Dzaky Issafira Rahmaniar Naulita Hutagalung Rizqi Rendri Anggriawan Rizqi Rendri Anggriawan Rizqi Rendri Anggriawan S Suprihatin Sintha Soraya Santi Siti Robiatuz Zahrotun Nukhuf Suhaili Tria Puspa Sari Triana, Nurul Widji Wahyu Dwi Lestari Wahyu Dwi Lestari Wiliandi Saputro Wiliandi Saputro Wiliandi Saputro