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All Journal Prosiding Seminar Biologi BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
S. Djalal Tandjung
UGM
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

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METHANE EMISSION FROM DIRECT SEEDED RICE UNDER THE INFLUENCES OF RICE STRAW AND NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR Wihardjaka, A.; Tandjung, S. Djalal; Sunarminto, B. Hendro; Sugiharto, Eko
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 13, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Incorporation of rice straw into soil is a common practice to improve soil productivity and increase inorganic fertilizer availability. However, this practice could contribute to methane (CH4) emission; one of the greenhouse gases that causes global warming. Nitrification inhibitors such as neem cake and carbofuran may reduce methane emission following application of rice straw. The study aimed to evaluate the application of rice straw and nitrification inhibitor to methane emission in rainfed lowland rice system. A factorial randomized block design was used with three replications. The first factor was rice straw incorporation (5 t ha-1 fresh straw, 5 t ha-1 composted straw), and the second factor was nitrification inhibitor application (20 kg ha-1 neem cake, 20 kg ha-1 carbofuran). The experiment was conducted at rainfed lowland in Pati, Central Java, during 2009/2010 wet season. Ciherang variety was planted as direct seeded rice with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm in each plot of 4 m x 5 m. The rice straw was treated together with soil tillage, whereas nitrification inhibitor was applied together with urea application. Parameters observed were methane flux, plant height, plant biomass, grain yield, organic C content, and bacterial population in soil. The methane flux and soil organic C were measured at 25, 45, 60, 75, and 95 days after emergence. The results showed that composted rice straw incorporation significantly emitted methane lower (73.2 ± 6.6 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1) compared to the fresh rice straw (93.5 ± 4.0 CH4 ha-1 season-1). Application of nitrification inhibitors neem cake and carbofuran reduced methane emission as much as 20.7 and 15.4 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1, respectively. Under direct seeded rice system, methane flux level correlated with plant biomass as shown by linear regression of Y = 0.0015 X + 0.0575 (R2 = 0.2305, n = 27). This means that higher plant biomass produced more methane flux. The study indicates that application of nitrification inhibitors such as neem cake is prospective in decreasing methane emission from direct seeded rice cropping. 
NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE AFFECTED BY SOIL AMENDMENT AND NEMATICIDE IN RAINFED RICE SOILS AT CENTRAL JAVA Wihardjaka, A.; Tandjung, S. Djalal; Sunarminto, B. Hendro; Sugiharto, Eko
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 14, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Rice cultivation is one of the antropogenic sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission that is produced by microbiological nitrification-denitrification processes. Incorporating soil amendment in rainfed rice soil attempted to increase soil productivity, while nematicide application aimed to maintain root growth system. Incorporating soil amendment and nematicide application are predicted to suppress N2O production in lowland rice. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of soil organic amendment and nematicide on N2O emission and nitrogen uptake from rainfed lowland rice soils. A field experiment was conducted in rainfed lowland rice soils during 2010/2011 wet season (direct seeded rice) and 2011 dry season (transplanted rice). The 3 x 3 factorial trial was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The first factor was soil amendment consisted of without rice straw, fresh rice straw and composted rice straw. The second factor was nematicide application consisted of without nematicide, neemcake and carbofuran. Variables measured were N2O flux, rice grain yield and nitrogen uptake. Incorporation of fresh and composted rice straws reduced N2O flux about 49.2% and 59.9% in transplanted rice, and 32.9% and 28.2% in direct seeded rice, respectively. The neemcake application reduced N2O emission about 44-50%, while carbofuran application decreased N2O emission by 23-35%. Neemcake has a good potential as nitrification inhibitor of N2O emission, so the neem trees have a prospect to be cultivated intensively. The reduction of N2O emission was effective in direct seeded rice system with the application of neemcake and fresh rice straw, however, in transplanted rice system it was effective with neemcake and composted rice straw applications.
PENDIDIKAN UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN Ngabekti, Sri; Tandjung, S. Djalal; Rijanta, R.; Wuryadi, Wuryadi
Prosiding Seminar Biologi Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Seminar Nasional IX Pendidikan Biologi
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS

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ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi praktek Pendidikan untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (PPB) di Pondok Pesantren. Setting penelitian: Pondok Pesantren Modern Selamat Kendal yang sudah ada motivasi dalam pengelolaan lingkungan fisik dan biologis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif naturalistik yang mengedepankan adanya interaksi dan observasi partisipatif dengan subjek yang diteliti, dan melakukan observasi, dan wawancara dengan komunitas pondok pesantren. Pemilihan sampel secara purposive, accidental, dan snow-ball sampling. Kondisi lingkungan dan proses pembelajaran PPB diobservasi secara mendalam. Hasil wawancara ditranskrip, kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif. Data penelitian kualitatif berupa naratif, deskriptif, dokumen pribadi, catatan lapangan, dokumen pondok pesantren, foto, video-tapes, dan hasil rekaman CCTV. Guna memperoleh validitas data, komponen analisis data yang dilakukan adalah pengelompokan data, refleksi, dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan 5 dimensi PPB yakni dimensi lingkungan, ekonomi, sosial-budaya, edukasional dan spiritual yang telah diimplementasikan dengan baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari oleh seluruh komunitas pondok. Implementasi  ini terutama didukung oleh faktor kurukulum, proses pembelajaran pengetahuan umum dan agama, serta aktivitas spiritual komunitas pesantren dan Pendirinya.   Kata Kunci: PPB, pondok pesantren
The Minimum Number of Valves for Diatoms Identification in Rawapening Lake, Central Java Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih; Tandjung, S. Djalal; Sutikno, Sutikno; Hadisusanto, Suwarno; Gell, Peter
BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 2 (2016): BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 No. 2 December 2016
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

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Abstract

Technical challenges in using diatoms for paleolimnological studies include the identification and enumeration of diatom valves. The minimum number of valves required for identification varies, ranging from 100 to 700 valves of the dominant species. This task can be very time-consuming, particularly when diatom valves are scarce. This study was conducted to determine the minimum number of valves needed for identification in diatom assemblages from Rawapening Lake, Central Java, Indonesia. Based on 314 samples collected from Rawapening Lake, diatom counting efficiency exceeded 0.85 when a minimum of 300 valves was counted. The number of diatom species identified remained stable after counting at least 300 valves. Therefore, the minimum number of diatom valves required to represent the assemblage for paleolimnological analysis is 300.
Co-Authors A. Wihardjaka B. Hendro Sunarminto Mochammad Imron Awalludin Peter Gell R. Rijanta Sri Ngabekti Sutikno Sutikno SUWARNO HADISUSANTO Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati Wuryadi Wuryadi