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Endang Kusumawati
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
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Penentuan Tekanan dan Waktu Optimum dalam Pembuatan Serbuk Telur menggunakan Oven Vakum Emmanuela Widyanti; Endang Kusumawati; Argit Fajar Sukmana; Zaki Maulana Ahmad Mudzakkir
Fluida Vol 12 No 2 (2019): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v12i2.1601

Abstract

Penelitian tentang pengeringan telur ayam menggunakan oven vakum dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kondisi terbaik dari serbuk telur, sehingga kualitas tidak berubah. Penelitian pendahuluan dalam mendapatkan air dalam kesetimbangan, menggunakan metode tray drying, dilakukan pada suhu 44°C untuk menjaga degradasi protein. Air dalam telur mencapai kesetimbangan sebesar 4,84%. Penentuan tekanan optimum dilakukan pada oven vakum, dengan variasi tekanan 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 mbar Absolut, didapatkan pada 80 mbar Absolut, yaitu terjadi pengurangan massa telur 33,76 g dan kadar air sebesar 4,76%. Variasi waktu pengeringan pada menit ke 40, 80, 120, 160, dan 200, didapatkan penurunan massa telur pada menit ke 160 sebesar 37,87 g dengan kadar air sebesar 1,12%. Analisis kadar protein serbuk telur menggunakan spektrofotometri metode biuret, didapatkan peningkatan 15,37 – 80,66% dan lemak menggunakan ekstraksi soxhlet terjadi penurunan dari 43,53 - 37,47%. dari menit 80 sampai 160. Penampilan serbuk telur setelah 25 hari menunjukkan hasil yang baik, karena tidak berubah warna, bau dan fisik.
Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Serat Selulosa dari Tanaman Eceng Gondok (Eichornia Crassipes) Endang Kusumawati; Haryadi
Fluida Vol 14 No 1 (2021): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v14i1.3452

Abstract

Eceng gondok merupakan gulma air yang tumbuh pesat di perairan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses ekstraksi dan karakteristik serat selulosa dari eceng gondok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan jenis pelarut yang efektif untuk mengekstrak serat selulosa dari tanaman eceng gondok sehingga didapat konversi serat yang optimum.Kandungan batang eceng gondok yang kaya akan selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan dasar pembuatan carbon nanodots (C-Dots) dan kepentingan lainnya. Untuk dijadikan bahan baku C-Dots harus dilakukan pemisahan hemiselulosa dan lignin-nya karena akan berpengaruh pada proses karbonisasi, sehingga perlu dilakukan pretreatment untuk mendapatkan serat selulosa murni. Proses ekstraksi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan serat selulosa murni.Proses ekstraksi dilakukan melalui dua tahap proses yaitu proses delignifikasi menggunakan NaOH 4% dan tahap bleaching dengan memvariasikan beberapa jenis pelarut dengan konsentrasi yang seragam, dalam penelitian ini digunakan NaClO2, H2O2 dan HCl masing-masing 3%. Selulosa yang diperoleh dikarakteristik menggunakan FTIR dan HPLC sehingga diperoleh gugus fungsi dan jumlah lignin yang terdapat dalam residu.Pelarut terbaik ditinjau dari berat selulosa yang dihasilkan dan analisis FTIR dan HPLC adalah NaOH 4% NaClO2 3%.Berat selulosa yang dihasilkan lebih banyak dari kedua variasi pelarut lainnya.Analisis FTIR tidak mendeteksi adanya gugus fungsi senyawa lignin pada selulosa.Analisis HPLC diperoleh selulosa lebih murni dari kedua variasi yaitu sebesar 77,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa produk selulosa yang dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi dengan pelarut tersebut efektif serta memiliki kemurnian yang tinggi.
THE UTILIZATION OF BLOTONG, MOLASSES, BRAN, AND COCONUT HUSK INTO COMPOST USING MOL OF STALE RICE AND Trichoderma sp. Hilda Fitria Nurul Huda; Putri Fakhirah Ramadhani; Endang Kusumawati; Mukhtar Ghozali
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i1.35714

Abstract

Compost is a solution for dealing with organic waste. Compost with organic material must be mixed according to its elemental composition. Protein and potassium are obtained from bran and coconut husk. Blotong contains phosphorus (P), while molasses contains total N and K2O. Local Microorganisms (MOL) of stale rice is an activator to increase the microbiological decomposition of organic matter and contains Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus, and Aspergillus sp. The addition of Trichoderma sp. can speed up the composting process. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of adding Blotong and bran on the quality of compost, to obtain the most effective composition of Blotong, molasses, bran, and coconut husk for composting using MOL activator of stale rice and Trichoderma sp. according to SNI 7763:2018, and to determine the most effective composting time. The ratio of Blotong, coconut husk, bran, and molasses for the three variations were 56:10:30:4; 66:10:20:4; and 76:10:10:4 in percent as much as 6 kg calculated with Takakura method. The result of the study showed the three variations had fulfilled SNI 7763:2018 in 18 days, with the most effective composition is the 3rd variation.
Nanocellulose Production from Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EPOFB) Using Hydrolysis Followed by Freeze Drying Irwan Hidayatulloh; Emmanuela Maria Widyanti; Endang Kusumawati; Lidya Elizabeth
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.61093

Abstract

Empty palm oil fruit bunches (EPOFB) are lignocellulose which is abundantly available in Indonesia. EPOFB has big potential as raw materials to substitute wood in nanocellulose manufacture. The production of nanocellulose from EOPFB consists of various stages, such as preparation by grinding and sizing, α-cellulose isolation, acid hydrolysis, and freeze-drying. α-cellulose isolate from POEFB through delignification using 17.5% NaOH (w / v) at 80oC for 30 minutes and bleaching using 10% H2O2 (v / v) at 70oC for 15 minutes. The bleached cellulose was then hydrolyzed by acid hydrolysis process using 64% H2SO4 for 45 minutes with temperature variations to determine the effect of temperature on the size of nanocellulose. Obtained nanocellulose then dried with the freeze-drying method at a temperature of 50oC for 6 hours. The nanocellulose morphology was characterized using SEM analysis, and FTIR analysis was done to determine the presence of cellulose and lignin.  The smallest average diameter obtained at 50oC temperature is 86.8 nm with a 51.5 – 66.5 nm distribution range.
Uji Coba Biokoagulan dari Selulosa Cangkang Aren Menggunakan Unit Koagulasi, Flokulasi, dan Sedimentasi Secara Kontinyu Endang Kusumawati; Dea Rahmawati; Fera Rahma Vrilian; Irwan Hidayatulloh
Fluida Vol 15 No 2 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i2.4400

Abstract

Jawa barat merupakan provinsi yang memiliki luas perkebunan aren paling besar di wilayah indonesia yaitu 14.201 ha. Pohon aren menghasilkan produk olahan utama salah satunya kolang kaling. Produk ini menjadi komoditas ekspor ke berbagai negara di dunia. Namun dari hasil produksi kolang kaling tersebut dihasilkan limbah cangkang yang masih memiliki daya guna rendah. Cangkang aren ini memiliki potensi sebagai biokoagulan karena mengandung selulosa yang memiliki gugus fungsi yang mendukung proses koagulasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengkarakterisasi biokoagulan cangkang aren, menentukan dosis optimum dan pH optimum biokoagulan cangkang aren dan melakukan uji kinerja biokoagulan pada reaktor kontinyu. Dosis optimum koagulan ditentukan dengan memvariasikan dosis pada rentang 200 – 550 mg/L sedangkan pH optimum ditentukan dengan memvariasikan pH pada rentang 6 - 8,5. Air baku yang diolah menggunakan limbah artifisial dengan kekeruhan awal sebesar 100 NTU. Hasil penelitian dengan metode jar test menunjukan dosis terbaik koagulan selulosa cangkang aren yaitu pada dosis 200 mg/L dan pH terbaik pada pH 8,5. Pada pengujian reaktor kontinyu didapat laju alir terbaik pada laju alir umpan 100 L/jam dengan penurunan kekeruhan 58,287% pada titik setelah lamella clarifier dengan penyisihan TSS sebesar 53,57%.
Evaluasi Kinerja Operasi Unit Koagulasi Flokulasi Dalam Sistem Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Endang Kusumawati; Rivaldo Rofie Fauzi Budiman; Rizky Setianto; Tifa Paramitha; Retno Dwi Jayanti
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): Oktober 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The coagulation and flocculation processing units represent a series of processing units that employ physical and chemical methods. The objective of this research is to ascertain the impact of coagulant type on process parameters, including turbidity, TSS, and pH, within the coagulation-flocculation processing unit integrated within the WWTP system. This research employs the use of raw water in the form of an artificial wastewater with characteristics closely resembling those of domestic wastewater, with a particular focus on process parameters such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. The coagulants employed in the coagulation process are polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate/alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃.18H₂O). The operation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is conducted with a coagulation stirring speed of 150 rpm, while flocculation is performed at 60 rpm. A jar test was conducted to ascertain the optimal dose and pH of the coagulant. The results demonstrated that the optimal dose of PAC was 50 ppm, with an optimal pH of 7. In contrast, the optimal dose of alum was 60 ppm, with an optimal pH of 8. The findings revealed that the dose obtained through the implementation of the jar test in the WWTP unit with a stirring speed of 150 rpm yielded the most effective PAC coagulant results, with a TSS value of 10.53 mg/L, turbidity of 4.01 NTU, and pH of 6.74, accompanied by a TSS efficiency value of 94.86%. The velocity gradient and residence time in the coagulation and flocculation units do not align with the specified design criteria. However, both the residence time and overflow rate in the sedimentation unit meet the prescribed design criteria.
Evaluasi dan Modifikasi Alat Penukar Ion dengan Penambahan Kolom Adsorpsi Karbon Aktif untuk Menurunkan Kesadahan : Evaluation dan Modification of Ion Exchange Equipment with the Addition of Activated Carbon Adsorption Column to Reduce Hardness Endang Kusumawati; Retno Dwi Jayanti; Lestari Herlianti Putri; Nurul Annisa; Paramitha, Tifa
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): April Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2024.v10.i1.16556

Abstract

Ion exchange is one of the water treatment methods used to reduce hardness. To improve the performance of the ion exchange columns, modification can be done by adding an activated carbon column placed after the ion exchange column to adsorb ions that were not exchanged by the resin so that the treated water met boiler feed water quality standards. The purposes of this study were to determine the best flow rate to reduce hardness in the configuration of the ion exchange and activated carbon columns, determine the saturation time of each column, and determine their exchange/adsorption capacities. The steps of this study included modifications and repair of equipment, leak tests, and configuration system performance tests. Performance tests were conducted by varying the feed flow rates by 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1 GPM and analyzed the efficiency of hardness reduction. The results of this study showed that the best flow rate to reduce the initial hardness of 499 mg/ L CaCO3 was a flow rate of 0.6 GPM or 2.2 LPM. The efficiency of hardness reduction in the configuration system was 100%. The conductivity of the effluent of anion column and activated carbon column decreased compared to the conductivity of the effluent of cation column with an average decrease of 33.17% in the anion column and 18.35% in the activated carbon column. The saturation time of the configuration system was 168 minutes in cation resin, 46.4 minutes in anion resin, and 159 minutes in activated carbon. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of cation resin, anion resin, and activated carbon were 35.28 mg/g, 43.98 mg/g, and 9.61 mg/g, respectively. The addition of activated carbon in the configuration system lowers the conductivity of the effluent and decreases hardness.
Co-Authors Argit Fajar Sukmana Dea Rahmawati Elizabeth, Lidya Emmanuela Widyanti Fera Rahma Vrilian Haryadi, Haryadi Hidayatulloh, Irwan Hilda Fitria Nurul Huda Jayanti, Retno Dwi Lestari Herlianti Putri Mukhtar Ghozali Nurul Annisa Paramitha, Tifa Putri Fakhirah Ramadhani Rivaldo Rofie Fauzi Budiman Rizky Setianto Widyanti, Emmanuela Maria Zaki Maulana Ahmad Mudzakkir