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Etabolism in compensatory growth . III. The urea, glucose and C02 entry rates in animal undergoing compensatory growth Mahyudin, Pram; Teleni, E
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (1996)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Glucose (GER), Urea (UER) and C02 (C02 ER) entry rates were studied at four points in the growth curve viz: before feed restriction (PI) after 8 weeks of feed restriction (P2), after 3 weeks (P3) and 15 weeks (P4) following resumption ofad libitum feeding. Sixteen Merino wethers were used and offerred pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) ad libitum for 3 weeks; then they were divided into 2 groups of eight. Group I continued to be fed ad libitum and Group 11 was fed pelleted lucerne at half maintenance level for 8 weeks and then fed ad libitum until the end of experiment. During feed restriction (P2), UER, urinary urea and urea transferred from the blood to the gut were 74% lower in group II than those in group I due to the reduction of N intake . At P2 GER and C02ER were also lower (53% and 56%, respectively) because of the reduction of available glucose precursor and metabolic rate. Similarly AV concentration difference of glucose, glucose taken up by the hind-limb muscle and the percentage of glucose taken up by muscle that was oxidised were reduced by 52%, 86% and 48%, respectively . When animals resumed ad libitum feeding, the components of urea entry rate (except plasma urea concentration), GER and C02ER were markedly increased indicating A switch to the anabolic mode, followed by increased glucose taken up and oxidised by the hind-limb muscle . The significance of glucose in muscle metabolism during compensatory growth was shown in the dramatic increase in the actual rate of glucose oxidation per unit muscle weight . It appears that the priority of usage of glucose taken up by muscle during compensatory growth is for oxidation to both C02 and lactate. Â Key words: Glucose entry rate, C02 entry rate, plasma urea

Fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Calliandra callothyrsus leaves (3) the pattern of gas production, organic matter degradation, pH, NH3 and VFA concentration; estimated CH4 and microbial biomass production Widiawati, Y; Winugroho, M; Teleni, E; Thalib, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In high protein feeds, plant proteins may be shielded from degradation in the rumen by lignification of the cell wall or because of the present of plant secondary compounds e.g. tannin, which is present in most of the leguminous trees/shrubs. Thus it might have an effect on organic matter degradation and the pattern of other end product of rumen microbial fermentation (VFA, NH3, microbial cell, CH4 and total gas). The in vitro method was used to determine the organic matter degradation and the pattern of rumen fermentation end product of high protein feeds, namely Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricida sepium and Calliandra calothyrsus. The results shows that Gliricidia has the highest amount of OM degraded (505 mg); microbial cell and NH3 produced (2676 g and 1.91 mmol/100 mL) than followed by Leucaena (423 mg; 2656 g; 1.61 mmol/100 mL) and Calliandra (340 mg; 2644 g; 1.61 mmol/100mL), but Gliricidia produced the lowest amount of gas total and CH4 (0.192 mL and 0.07 mole per mg OM deraded) then Leucaena (0.249 mL and 0.097 mole per mg OM deraded) and Callliandra (0.196 mL and 0.126 mole per mg OM deraded). In conclusion, Gliricidia is more efficient in term of using the dietary energy for the animalsâ production compared to the Leucaena and Calliandra. Key Words: Legumes Tree, Organic Matter, NH3, VFA, CH4, Microbial Cell

Nitrogen kinetics in growing sheep consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium or Calliandra calothyrsus as a sole diet Widiawati, Yeni; Winugroho, M; Teleni, E
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The utilization of protein feed by animals are influenced by the process of its degradation in the rumen and its digestion in the intestine. The extent of its degradation and digestion are influenced by the form of protein and the present of secondary compound in the plant. The aim of the study was to determine the amont of protein in the three leguminouse shrubs utilized by the animals. The study on the utilization of protein from leguminouse shrub was undertaken by investigate the nitrogen kinetic in 24 head of growing sheep (BW 23kg) consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra callothyrsus leaves and Rhodes grass hay. The diets were fed every two hours starting at 07:00 am. The animals were divided into four groups of dietary treatment namely LL, GS, CC and CG groups which were fed by Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra dan Rhodes grass leaves, respectively. The Rhode grass, as control diet, was mixed with 1.4% of urea to increase the nitrogen offered to the animals up to 150 g/day. Thus all the four diets were offered the same amount of nitrogen/day. Measurements were undertaken on feed utilization and nitrogen kinetics in experimental animals. The amount of nitrogen consumed then undegraded in the rumen as well as undigested in the intestine was significant higher in CC group (P < 0.01) then those in LL, GS and CG groups. The value was 67% for CC group then followed by 35% for LL group and 33% for GS group. The amount of nitrogen degraded in the rumen thus lost in urine was significantly higher in animals fed GS and LL leaves compared to those in animals fed CC diet (P < 0.01). The values were 46% for GS and LL group and only 16% for CC group. The amount of nitrogen retained by the animals was similar among the three groups being 17-21% (P > 0.05). The Plasma urea concentration, urea entry rate and urea in urine animals were similar in LL and GS groups but higher than those in CC group. The values were 0.86; 0.8; 0.46 mg/ml (P < 0.01) and 79; 78; 50 g/d (P < 0.01) and 26.7; 24.5; 7.3 g/d (P < 0.01) for LL, GS and CC groups, respectively. The conclusion is most of nitrogen from Calliandra was un-degraded and un-digested in the rumen and intestine thus excreted through feces, while most of the protein in Leucaena and Gliricidia was degraded in the rumen thus excreted through urine. Key Words: Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra, Nitrogen-Kinetics, Urea Entry Rate

Effects of Feed Restriction and Exercise on Glucose Tolerance in Sheep Yuwono, P; Teleni, E; Haryoko, Ida
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 5, No 2 (2003): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecepatan penggunaan glukosa dalam darah pada ternak domba yang diberi pakan terbatas dan berjalan diatas treadmill. Delapan belas ekor domba merino kastrasi berumur 8-9 bulan dikelompokkan berdasarkan bobot badan yang selanjutnya secara random dialokasikan ke dalam tiga perlakuan. Selama Periode I (45 hari) domba dalam Perlakuan I mengalami pembatasan pakan dan jalan di atas treadmill selama 2,5 jam sehari. Domba dalam Perlakuan II mengalami pembatasan pakan tetapi tidak berjalan (not-exercise). Domba dalam Perlakuan III diberi pakan ad libitum dan tidak berjalan di atas treadmill. Selama Periode II semua ternak diberi pakan ad libitum dan tidak berjalan di atas treadmill. Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa exercise meningkatkan kecepatan penggunaan glukosa darah pada ternak yang mengalami pembatasan pakan. Namun demikian pembatasan pakan baik disertai dengan exercise maupun tidak, menurunkan toleransi terhadap glukosa. Pemberian pakan kembali secara ad libitum menormalkan toleransi terhadap glukosa. Disimpulkan bahwa pembatasan pakan dapat menurunkan kecepatan penggunaan glukosa dalam darah sehingga kadar glukosa darah tidak terus mengalami penurunan dan homeostasis dipertahankan. (Animal Production 5(2): 63-68 (2003)Â Kata Kunci : Domba, Pembatasan Pakan, Glukosa, Homeostasis

Nitrogen kinetics in growing sheep consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium or Calliandra calothyrsus as a sole diet Yeni Widiawati; M Winugroho; E Teleni
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 17, No 3 (2012): SEPTEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The utilization of protein feed by animals are influenced by the process of its degradation in the rumen and its digestion in the intestine. The extent of its degradation and digestion are influenced by the form of protein and the present of secondary compound in the plant. The aim of the study was to determine the amont of protein in the three leguminouse shrubs utilized by the animals. The study on the utilization of protein from leguminouse shrub was undertaken by investigate the nitrogen kinetic in 24 head of growing sheep (BW 23kg) consuming Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra callothyrsus leaves and Rhodes grass hay. The diets were fed every two hours starting at 07:00 am. The animals were divided into four groups of dietary treatment namely LL, GS, CC and CG groups which were fed by Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra dan Rhodes grass leaves, respectively. The Rhode grass, as control diet, was mixed with 1.4% of urea to increase the nitrogen offered to the animals up to 150 g/day. Thus all the four diets were offered the same amount of nitrogen/day. Measurements were undertaken on feed utilization and nitrogen kinetics in experimental animals. The amount of nitrogen consumed then undegraded in the rumen as well as undigested in the intestine was significant higher in CC group (P < 0.01) then those in LL, GS and CG groups. The value was 67% for CC group then followed by 35% for LL group and 33% for GS group. The amount of nitrogen degraded in the rumen thus lost in urine was significantly higher in animals fed GS and LL leaves compared to those in animals fed CC diet (P < 0.01). The values were 46% for GS and LL group and only 16% for CC group. The amount of nitrogen retained by the animals was similar among the three groups being 17-21% (P > 0.05). The Plasma urea concentration, urea entry rate and urea in urine animals were similar in LL and GS groups but higher than those in CC group. The values were 0.86; 0.8; 0.46 mg/ml (P < 0.01) and 79; 78; 50 g/d (P < 0.01) and 26.7; 24.5; 7.3 g/d (P < 0.01) for LL, GS and CC groups, respectively. The conclusion is most of nitrogen from Calliandra was un-degraded and un-digested in the rumen and intestine thus excreted through feces, while most of the protein in Leucaena and Gliricidia was degraded in the rumen thus excreted through urine. Key Words: Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra, Nitrogen-Kinetics, Urea Entry Rate

Etabolism in compensatory growth . III. The urea, glucose and C02 entry rates in animal undergoing compensatory growth Pram Mahyudin; E Teleni
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 2, No 1 (1996)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Glucose (GER), Urea (UER) and C02 (C02 ER) entry rates were studied at four points in the growth curve viz: before feed restriction (PI) after 8 weeks of feed restriction (P2), after 3 weeks (P3) and 15 weeks (P4) following resumption ofad libitum feeding. Sixteen Merino wethers were used and offerred pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) ad libitum for 3 weeks; then they were divided into 2 groups of eight. Group I continued to be fed ad libitum and Group 11 was fed pelleted lucerne at half maintenance level for 8 weeks and then fed ad libitum until the end of experiment. During feed restriction (P2), UER, urinary urea and urea transferred from the blood to the gut were 74% lower in group II than those in group I due to the reduction of N intake . At P2 GER and C02ER were also lower (53% and 56%, respectively) because of the reduction of available glucose precursor and metabolic rate. Similarly AV concentration difference of glucose, glucose taken up by the hind-limb muscle and the percentage of glucose taken up by muscle that was oxidised were reduced by 52%, 86% and 48%, respectively . When animals resumed ad libitum feeding, the components of urea entry rate (except plasma urea concentration), GER and C02ER were markedly increased indicating A switch to the anabolic mode, followed by increased glucose taken up and oxidised by the hind-limb muscle . The significance of glucose in muscle metabolism during compensatory growth was shown in the dramatic increase in the actual rate of glucose oxidation per unit muscle weight . It appears that the priority of usage of glucose taken up by muscle during compensatory growth is for oxidation to both C02 and lactate. Key words: Glucose entry rate, C02 entry rate, plasma urea

Fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Calliandra callothyrsus leaves (3) the pattern of gas production, organic matter degradation, pH, NH3 and VFA concentration; estimated CH4 and microbial biomass production Y Widiawati; M Winugroho; E Teleni; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 12, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

In high protein feeds, plant proteins may be shielded from degradation in the rumen by lignification of the cell wall or because of the present of plant secondary compounds e.g. tannin, which is present in most of the leguminous trees/shrubs. Thus it might have an effect on organic matter degradation and the pattern of other end product of rumen microbial fermentation (VFA, NH3, microbial cell, CH4 and total gas). The in vitro method was used to determine the organic matter degradation and the pattern of rumen fermentation end product of high protein feeds, namely Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricida sepium and Calliandra calothyrsus. The results shows that Gliricidia has the highest amount of OM degraded (505 mg); microbial cell and NH3 produced (2676 g and 1.91 mmol/100 mL) than followed by Leucaena (423 mg; 2656 g; 1.61 mmol/100 mL) and Calliandra (340 mg; 2644 g; 1.61 mmol/100mL), but Gliricidia produced the lowest amount of gas total and CH4 (0.192 mL and 0.07 mole per mg OM deraded) then Leucaena (0.249 mL and 0.097 mole per mg OM deraded) and Callliandra (0.196 mL and 0.126 mole per mg OM deraded). In conclusion, Gliricidia is more efficient in term of using the dietary energy for the animals’ production compared to the Leucaena and Calliandra. Key Words: Legumes Tree, Organic Matter, NH3, VFA, CH4, Microbial Cell

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