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Environmental Awareness on Beef Cattle Technology Bamualim, Abdullah M; Thalib, A; Anggraeni, Y N; ., Mariyono
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The acceleration program to meet beef self sufficient in 2010 is expected to increase animal protein consumption of Indonesian people in order to be equal with other countries as well as to improve the livestock farmerâs income. The main objective of the program is to increase cattle population. Since the availability of forage and grassland is limited, beef cattle development is driven to the crop and plantation integration approach by using their by-product as cattle feed. Crop and plantation by-products, generally are considered to be fiber source with high lignocelluloseâs and low nutritive value. Feeding high fiber would increase methane gas production, and faeces and grass cultivation also contributed on greenhouse emission. Methane is one of the main greenhouse gases contributed by agriculture sector; increasing beef cattle population using high fiber feed is predicted to increase methane production. Good management is expected to improve productivity and to reduce methane production on livestock. Some efforts could be done such as good feeding management and nutrition manipulation, environment friendly Â cattleÂ wasteÂ management,Â improvingÂ management onÂ roughageÂ cultivation, Â andÂ improvingÂ managementÂ onÂ cattle production. Â Key words: Beef cattle, agricultural by product, methane, global warming

Emission of Methane From Enteric Fermentation: National Contribution and Factors Affecting it in Livestock Haryanto, Budi; Thalib, A
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 4 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Changing in atmosphere condition is affected by the quantity of gases produced from all activities on the earth. Gases that have effects Â onÂ global Â warming Â are Â CO2, Â N2O, Â H2O, Â and Â CH4Â (methane). Â Among Â other Â sources Â of Â methane Â are Â enteric fermentation of organic material from ruminants and feces decomposition. Methane production from ruminants is affected by several factors such as breed/type of animal, feed quality, environmental temperature and physiological status of the animal. Energy as methane in ruminants may reach 2 to 15% of the total energy consumption. To reduce the emission of methane from ruminants, it is necessary to apply a strategic feeding system for more efficient utilization of feed. Â Key words: Methane, global warming, ruminants, rumen fermentation

Improvement of feed efficiency using protected-energy in the ration of ewes Mathius, I-W; Yulistiani, Dwi; Wina, E; Haryanto, B; Wilson, A; Thalib, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

High producing ewes required high amounts of energy, which can not be met through feeding conventional ration. Therefore, supplementing energy should be done, especially protected-energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of additional of protected fat/energy on the consumption of ration and the performance of ewes and lambs. Thirty-four local ewes were randomly allotted to four levels of by-pass energy groups, in which parts of energy content in the concentrate was replaced with rumen-protected fatty acids in the proportion of 0 (R1), 5 (R2), 10 (R3), and 20% (R4). Consumption, nutrient digestibility and animal performance (ewes and lambs) were determined by standard procedures. Results showed that the daily dry matter intake during pregnancy (g/kg BW0.75) did not differ among diet (72.1 + 2.56). The crude fibre intake varied slightly between treatment (P>0.05), those being slightly lower intake on the highest replacement of energy content in concentrate diet (R4). Dry matter digestibility were 52.4 + 0.24, 52.1 + 0.30; 51.8 +0.28; and 51.3 + 0.81 in groups R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, which were non-significantly different from each other. These results confirmed that the by-pass energy sources replacements did not affect rumen fermentation. The same tendency was also found for crude protein digestibility (P>0.05) i.e. 60.1; 61.8; 61.2; and 60.2 for R1, R2, R3, and R4 respectively. The average daily gain of ewes during gestation period was affected (P<0.05) by by-pass energy replacement and the effect was linear with increasing by-pass energy replacement. Significant difference was not found in the total birth weight of lambs and among dietary treatments. Lambs growth rate during the first 8 week of lactation was the highest on ewes fed diet containing the highest amount of by-pass energy sources (R4). It can be concluded that by-pass fatty acids can be used in ewesâ ration without affecting rumen fermentation and gave a positive respons to animal performance. Â Key words: By-pass energy, ewes ration, gestation and lactating phase

Fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Calliandra callothyrsus leaves (3) the pattern of gas production, organic matter degradation, pH, NH3 and VFA concentration; estimated CH4 and microbial biomass production Widiawati, Y; Winugroho, M; Teleni, E; Thalib, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In high protein feeds, plant proteins may be shielded from degradation in the rumen by lignification of the cell wall or because of the present of plant secondary compounds e.g. tannin, which is present in most of the leguminous trees/shrubs. Thus it might have an effect on organic matter degradation and the pattern of other end product of rumen microbial fermentation (VFA, NH3, microbial cell, CH4 and total gas). The in vitro method was used to determine the organic matter degradation and the pattern of rumen fermentation end product of high protein feeds, namely Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricida sepium and Calliandra calothyrsus. The results shows that Gliricidia has the highest amount of OM degraded (505 mg); microbial cell and NH3 produced (2676 g and 1.91 mmol/100 mL) than followed by Leucaena (423 mg; 2656 g; 1.61 mmol/100 mL) and Calliandra (340 mg; 2644 g; 1.61 mmol/100mL), but Gliricidia produced the lowest amount of gas total and CH4 (0.192 mL and 0.07 mole per mg OM deraded) then Leucaena (0.249 mL and 0.097 mole per mg OM deraded) and Callliandra (0.196 mL and 0.126 mole per mg OM deraded). In conclusion, Gliricidia is more efficient in term of using the dietary energy for the animalsâ production compared to the Leucaena and Calliandra. Key Words: Legumes Tree, Organic Matter, NH3, VFA, CH4, Microbial Cell

Comparison of fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of grass and shrub legume leaves: The pattern of gas production, organic matter degradation, pH and NH3 production Widiawati, Y; Thalib, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Rumen microbes convert carbohydrate in a feed to useful product such as VFA, microbial protein and B-vitamin; and some waste products such as CH4 and CO2. The amount and pattern of each product depend on the type of feed Sonsumed by the animal. High fiber diet produce high gas and VFA, while high protein diet produce high NH3. Two types of feeds, grass and legume, have different cell structure and content, thus might have different pattern of rumen fermentation and product. In vitro method developed by Theodorou and Brooks was used to determine the pattern of rumen fermentation and product of two types of feeds, namely grass and legume. Result shows that legume has higher amount of OM degraded and produce higher amount of NH3 compared to grass. On the basis of OM degraded, the grass yielded higher volume of gas than that of legume. The two types of feeds did not change the pH of rumen fluid. Key Words: Grass, Shrub Legume, Gas And Ammonia Production, Organic Matter Digestibility

Comparison fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of grass and shrub legume leaves: The pattern of VFA concentration, estimated CH4 and microbial biomass production Widiawati, Y; Thalib, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In the process of fermentation, rumen microbes normally convert major fractions of carbohydrates and proteins in a feed to useful end-products (i.e. VFA, microbial protein and B-vitamins) and some waste products (i.e. CH4 and CO2). The pattern of these end-products depend largely on the fraction contained in the feed eaten by the animal. Two types of feeds, namely grass and shrub legume, leucaena have different fraction proportions. Grass contains more fibre but less protein compared to shrub legumes. Thus in the rumen they might be fermented to produce different pattern of end products. The experiment was conducted in order to examine the pattern of VFA, CH4 and microbial protein products of the two types of feeds when fermented in the rumen. In vitro method was used to determine the pattern of these end products. Results showed that the grass produced more total VFA/mg organic matter degraded (0.0229 mM/mg vs 0.0075 mM/mg) and CH4 gasÂ (0.20 mole/mg Â vs 0.09 mole/mg) but less propionate in partial and less microbial protein (2646 g vs 2656 g ) compared to the legume. Approximately 32% less CH4 (per mg OM degraded) would be produced from leucaena compared to that produced from grass, which mean that there will be less energy loss as CH4 thus more energy for animal production. Key Words: Grass, Shrub Legume, Volatile Fatty Acids, CH4, Microbial Protein

KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL PEMBOBOLAN KARTU KREDIT MELALUI INTERNET A Thalib
Jurnal LEX SPECIALIS No 18 (2013): Desember
Publisher : Jurnal LEX SPECIALIS

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Bentuk dan modus operandi pembobolan kartu melalui internet adalah berupa penemuan nomor kartu kredit tersebut untuk membayar pemesanan barang yang ditawarkan melalui situs-situs internet. Barang-barang yang dibelitersebut kemudian dijual kepada pihak-pihak yang membutuhkannya dengan harga yang relative lebih murah dibandingkan dengan harga riil dari barang tersebut. Pencurian nomor kartu kredit dilakukan dengan berbagai cara yakni melalui kerjasama dengan petugas dari penjul barang atau jasa yang dibayar dengan sarana kartu kredit oleh pemilik kartu kredit juga dilakukan dengan membuka situs-situs atau melalui obrolan di internet (chatting). Meski perangkat perundangannya sudah bagus, bila subsistem lain dalam penegakan hukum tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik, maka secara keseluruhan system hukum yang mengatur dan mengawasi tindakan pidana pembobolan kartu kredit melalui internet belum dapat dikatakan baik.Kesadaran hukum untuk melaporkan kasus ke kepolisian rendah. Hal ini dipicu oleh citra lembaga peradilan itu sendiri yang kurang baik, factor lain adalah korban tidak ingin kelemahan dalam system komputernya diketahui oleh umum, yang berarti akan mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan dan web masternya Kata kunci : Kebijakan Kriminal, Pembobolan Kartu Kredit

Improvement of feed efficiency using protected-energy in the ration of ewes I-W Mathius; Dwi Yulistiani; E Wina; B Haryanto; A Wilson; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 1 (2001): MARCH 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

High producing ewes required high amounts of energy, which can not be met through feeding conventional ration. Therefore, supplementing energy should be done, especially protected-energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of additional of protected fat/energy on the consumption of ration and the performance of ewes and lambs. Thirty-four local ewes were randomly allotted to four levels of by-pass energy groups, in which parts of energy content in the concentrate was replaced with rumen-protected fatty acids in the proportion of 0 (R1), 5 (R2), 10 (R3), and 20% (R4). Consumption, nutrient digestibility and animal performance (ewes and lambs) were determined by standard procedures. Results showed that the daily dry matter intake during pregnancy (g/kg BW0.75) did not differ among diet (72.1 + 2.56). The crude fibre intake varied slightly between treatment (P>0.05), those being slightly lower intake on the highest replacement of energy content in concentrate diet (R4). Dry matter digestibility were 52.4 + 0.24, 52.1 + 0.30; 51.8 +0.28; and 51.3 + 0.81 in groups R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, which were non-significantly different from each other. These results confirmed that the by-pass energy sources replacements did not affect rumen fermentation. The same tendency was also found for crude protein digestibility (P>0.05) i.e. 60.1; 61.8; 61.2; and 60.2 for R1, R2, R3, and R4 respectively. The average daily gain of ewes during gestation period was affected (P<0.05) by by-pass energy replacement and the effect was linear with increasing by-pass energy replacement. Significant difference was not found in the total birth weight of lambs and among dietary treatments. Lambs growth rate during the first 8 week of lactation was the highest on ewes fed diet containing the highest amount of by-pass energy sources (R4). It can be concluded that by-pass fatty acids can be used in ewes’ ration without affecting rumen fermentation and gave a positive respons to animal performance. Key words: By-pass energy, ewes ration, gestation and lactating phase

Comparison fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of grass and shrub legume leaves: The pattern of VFA concentration, estimated CH4 and microbial biomass production Y Widiawati; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 12, No 2 (2007): JUNE 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

In the process of fermentation, rumen microbes normally convert major fractions of carbohydrates and proteins in a feed to useful end-products (i.e. VFA, microbial protein and B-vitamins) and some waste products (i.e. CH4 and CO2). The pattern of these end-products depend largely on the fraction contained in the feed eaten by the animal. Two types of feeds, namely grass and shrub legume, leucaena have different fraction proportions. Grass contains more fibre but less protein compared to shrub legumes. Thus in the rumen they might be fermented to produce different pattern of end products. The experiment was conducted in order to examine the pattern of VFA, CH4 and microbial protein products of the two types of feeds when fermented in the rumen. In vitro method was used to determine the pattern of these end products. Results showed that the grass produced more total VFA/mg organic matter degraded (0.0229 mM/mg vs 0.0075 mM/mg) and CH4 gas (0.20 mole/mg vs 0.09 mole/mg) but less propionate in partial and less microbial protein (2646 g vs 2656 g ) compared to the legume. Approximately 32% less CH4 (per mg OM degraded) would be produced from leucaena compared to that produced from grass, which mean that there will be less energy loss as CH4 thus more energy for animal production. Key Words: Grass, Shrub Legume, Volatile Fatty Acids, CH4, Microbial Protein

Comparison of fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of grass and shrub legume leaves: The pattern of gas production, organic matter degradation, pH and NH3 production Y Widiawati; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 4 (2006): DECEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Rumen microbes convert carbohydrate in a feed into useful product such as VFA, microbial protein and B-vitamin; and some waste products such as CH4 and CO2. The amount and pattern of each product depend on the type of feed consumed by the animal. High fiber diet produces high gas and VFA, while high protein diet produce high NH3. Two types of feeds, grass and legume, have different cell structure and content, thus might have different pattern of rumen fermentation and product. In vitro method developed by Theodorou and Brooks was used to determine the pattern of rumen fermentation end product of two types of feeds, namely grass and legume. Result shows that legume has higher amount of OM degraded and produce higher amount of NH3 compared to grass. On the basis of OM degraded, the grass yielded higher volume of gas than that of legume. The two types of feeds did not change the pH of rumen fluid.

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